Global Comparison of Passenger Car
and Light-commercial Vehicle Fuel
Economy/GHG Emissions Standards
Update: May 2014
Overview of Regulation Specifications for
passenger cars
i
Assumes manufacturers fully use A/C credit
Proposed CAFE standard by NHTSA. It is equivalent to 163g/mi plus CO2 credits for using low-GWP A/C refrigerants.
iii In April 2010, Canada announced a target for light-duty vehicle fleet of 246 g/mi for MY2016. The separated targets for car and light
truck fleet are estimated by ICCT based on the overall target.
iv Canada follows the US standards in the proposal, but the final target value would be based on the projected fleet footprints.
FP: footprint
ii
Overview of Regulation Specifications
for Light-commercial Vehicle
i
Assumes manufacturers fully use A/C credit
Proposed CAFE standard by NHTSA. It is equivalent to 163g/mi plus CO2 credits for using low-GWP A/C refrigerants.
iii In April 2010, Canada announced a target for light-duty vehicle fleet of 246 g/mi for MY2016. The separated targets for car and light
truck fleet are estimated by ICCT based on the overall target.
iv Canada follows the US standards in the proposal, but the final target value would be based on the projected fleet footprints.
3
FP: footprint
ii
Passenger Cars
240
Grams of tailpipe CO2 emission per kilometer
normalized to NEDC test cycle
US
220
Canada
200
Mexico
EU
180
Japan
160
China
Mexico 2016: 153
S. Korea 2015: 153
Brazil 2017 [3] : 146
S. Korea
140
India
China 2020 [1] : 117
120
India 2021: 113
Japan 2020: 105
100
EU 2021: 95
Brazil
US 2025 [2] : 103
Canada 2025: 103
80
60
40
20
0
2000
Solid lines: historical performance
Dashed lines: enacted targets
Dotted lines: proposed targets or targets under study
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
[1] China's target reflects gasoline vehicles only. The target may be higher after new energy vehicles are considered.
[2] US fuel economy stadards set by NHTSA reflecting tailpipe GHG emission (i.e. exclude low-GWP refrigerant credits).
[3] Gasoline in Brazil contains 22% of ethanol (E22), all data in the chart have been converted to gasoline (E00) equivalent
[4] Supporting data can be found at: http://www.theicct.org/info-tools/global-passenger-vehicle-standards.
4
Passenger Cars
Miles per gasoline gallon normalized to CAFE test cycle
65
60
km/l
Solid lines: historical performance
Dashed lines: enacted targets
Dotted lines: proposed targets or targets under study
27
EU 2021: 60.6
25
US 2025[2]: 56.2
Canada 2025: 56.2
Japan 2020: 55.1
55
India 2021: 52
23
China 2020[1]: 50.1
50
21
US
Canada
45
Brazil 2017 [3]: 40.9
19
Mexico
S. Korea 2015: 39.3
40
Mexico 2016 : 35.1
17
EU
Japan
35
15
30
13
China
S. Korea
India
25
20
2000
11
Brazil
9
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
[1] China's target reflects gasoline vehicles only. The target may be higher after new energy vehicles are considered.
[2] The U.S. standards are fuel economy standards set by NHTSA, which is slightly different from GHG stadards due to A/C credits.
[3] Gasoline in Brazil contains 22% of ethanol (E22), all data in the chart have been converted to gasoline (E00) equivalent
[4] Supporting data can be found at: http://www.theicct.org/info-tools/global-passenger-vehicle-standards.
5
Light-commercial vehicle/light-truck
Grams of CO2 per kilometer normalized to NEDC test cycle
320
Solid lines: historical performance
Dashed lines: enacted targets
Dotted lines: proposed targets or targets under study
280
US
Canada
Mexico
EU
240
Japan
China
Mexico 2016: 208
200
160
Japn 2015: 138
EU 2020: 147
US 2025 [2] :136
Canada 2025:136
120
80
40
0
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
[1] China's target reflects gasoline vehicles only. The target may be higher after new energy vehicles are considered.
[2] US standards GHG standards set by EPA, which is slightly different from fuel economy stadards due to low-GWP refrigerant credits.
[3] Supporting data can be found at: http://www.theicct.org/info-tools/global-passenger-vehicle-standards.
6
Light-commercial vehicle/light-truck
45
km/l
18
Miles per gasoline gallon normalized to CAFE test cycle
Japan 2015: 43.2
EU 2020: 40.7
40
US 2025[2]: 40.3
Canada 2025: 40.3
16
35
14
30
Mexico 2016 : 29.7
12
US
25
10
Canada
Mexico
EU
20
8
Solid lines: historical performance
Dashed lines: enacted targets
Dotted lines: proposed targets or targets under study
15
2000
Japan
China
6
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
[1] China's target reflects gasoline vehicles only. The target may be higher after new energy vehicles are considered.
[2] US standards GHG standards set by EPA, which is slightly different from fuel economy stadards due to low-GWP refrigerant credits.
[3] Supporting data can be found at: http://www.theicct.org/info-tools/global-passenger-vehicle-standards.
7
Passenger Cars
10
9
Liters per 100 Kilometers (Gasoline Equivalent)
normalized to NEDC Test Cycle
US
Solid lines: historical performance
Dashed lines: enacted targets
Dotted lines: proposed targets or targets under study
Canada
Mexico
8
EU
Japan
7
China
Mexico 2016: 6.5
S. Korea 2015: 6.3
6
Brazil
2017 [3]
: 6.3
S. Korea
India
China 2020[1] : 5.0
5
Brazil
India: 4.8
Japan 2020: 4.5
EU 2021: 4.1
4
US 2025[2] : 4.4
Canada 2025: 4.4
3
2
1
0
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
[1] China's target reflects gasoline vehicles only. The target may be higher after new energy vehicles are considered.
[2] The U.S. standards are fuel economy standards set by NHTSA, which is slightly different from GHG stadards due to A/C credits.
[3] Gasoline in Brazil contains 22% of ethanol (E22), all data in the chart have been converted to gasoline (E00) equivalent
[4] Supporting data can be found at: http://www.theicct.org/info-tools/global-passenger-vehicle-standards.
8
Passenger Cars
3.0
US
Canada
Mexico
2.5
MJ normalized to CAFE Test Cycle
EU
Japan
2.0
S. Korea 2015: 1.9
China
Mexico 2016 : 1.9
Brazil 2017: 1.8
S. Korea
India
China 2020[1]: 1.5
1.5
India 2021: 1.5
Japan 2020: 1.4
EU 2021: 1.2
Brazil
US
2025[2]:
1.3
Canada 2025: 1.3
1.0
0.5
Solid lines: historical performance
Dashed lines: enacted targets
Dotted lines: proposed targets or targets under study
0.0
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
[1] China's target reflects gasoline vehicles only. The target may be higher after new energy vehicles are considered.
[2] The U.S. standards are fuel economy standards set by NHTSA, which is slightly different from GHG stadards due to A/C credits.
[3] Supporting data can be found at: http://www.theicct.org/info-tools/global-passenger-vehicle-standards.
9
Overall and annual CO2 reduction rates required for passenger cars
10
Overall and annual CO2 reduction rates required
for light-commercial vehicles
11
Overall and annual fuel economy improvement rates required
for passenger vehicles
12
Overall and annual fuel economy improvement rates required
for light-commercial vehicles
13
For more information:
http://theicct.org/info-tools/global-passenger-vehicle-standards
The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT)
Washington DC • San Francisco • Berlin
http://www.theicct.org/
communications@theicct.org
+1 202 534 1600
www.twitter.com/TheICCT
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