CONTEST
Mobile broadband network principles
EBU workshop May 12th 2011
Stein Erik Paulsen
Radio Technology Manager
Corporate Development
Telenor
stein-erik.paulsen@telenor.com
13. april 2015
CONTENTS
Why use
indoor
antennas?
What about
the future?
How can
capacity be
increased?
How to avoid
interference?
Why do we need
so much
spectrum?
How to build
a mobile
network?
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Radio access network evolution
-The journey has just started
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The future contains frequent
Techno-strategic decisions
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Ericsson:
In 3 years network
traffic has increased
by a factor of 10…
…and revenue
increased by 35%...
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Example of
establishing a
GSM radio
network
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The base stations
(BTS) are distributed
to give
RADIO COVERAGE
En
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The base stations
(BTS) are distributed
to give
RADIO COVERAGE
– and Capacity
En
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Increased traffic drives cost
Network
cost
Challenge!
Start-up cost
Phase 1: Coverage
limited network
Phase 2: Capacity
limited network
Requested traffic
Smaller spectrum
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Larger spectrum
The challenge of mobile broadband
$
COST
Revenue
Traffic
With boosting data traffic there is a need for
more frequent network updates than before
Network cost
LTE
HSPA+
HSPA
Basic
3G
= Resulting network cost
Traffic load
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Limited spectrum drives cost!
Example: Two operators with very different spectrum size
•Country 1: 8,8MHz band ->44 channels
– =>132 Erlang per base station
Area= 50km2
Population= 1 M
Subscribers= 346k
15 mErl/sub (*)
Tot. traffic= 5190 Erl
– => 40 base stations needed to handle total
traffic of 5190 Erlang
• Country 2: 4,4 MHz band -> 22 channels
– =>29 Erlang per base station
– => 179 base stations needed to handle
total traffic of 5190 Erlang
=> Having only half of the spectrum can
mean 4,5 times the cost.
(*) Meaning that the average customer calls for 1,5% of the most busy hour of the day
For illustration purpose only – the conclusions and calculations are simplified
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Getting more spectrum essential for
meeting future service demand
Frequency spectrum for mobile communication
Digital
Dividend
3G
(UMTS2100)
CDMA
GSM900
500 MHz
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1000 MHz
GSM1800
1500 MHz
2000 MHz
Mobile broadband
extension band
2500 MHz
3000 MHz
3G in new frequency bands - refarming
(WCDMA = UMTS/HSPA = 3G)
(HSPA)
In-Building
coverage area for
suburban terrain
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(Source: Nokia Siemens Networks & Elisa)
Access to low frequency spectrum:
-High impact on mobile broadband
• Profitable coverage even outside
the urban areas
• Potential for saving 50-70% of site
costs
Digital Dividend band: A desire and a curse:
Too little of something good can be bad!
800 MHz
2600 MHz
11%
800 MHz:
Very attractive for coverage, but how to
avoid traffic congestion if 89% of all
users only have coverage from the 800
MHz system?
=> A fair amount of low-frequency
spectrum per operator is a prerequisite.
Network capacity is hard to predict
Total
Capacity
10 Mbit/s
7.5 Mbit/s
5 Mbit/s
2.5 Mbit/s
1 Mbit/s
10
Mbit/s
0.5
Mbit/s
5 Mbit/s
0.2
Mbit/s
2 Mbit/s
0.05
Mbit/s
0.5 Mbit/s
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Growing need for indoor coverage systems
• Urban building walls block
99% of the outdoor signal
• Safe to re-use the same
carriers indoors
• Buildings with heavy data
traffic: Use indoor antenna
systems, WiFi or femtocells
• Need fixed broadband lines
to provide connection and
offload mobile network
The future
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-Is the path towards LTE evident?
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-or will we need proper guidance?
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LTE is defined for all relevant frequency bands
Digital
Dividend
3G
(UMTS2100)
CDMA
EDGE900
500 MHz
1000 MHz
Low Frequency
Long range
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2000 MHz
LTE
LTE
2500 MHz
LTE
LTE LTE
EDGE1800
1500 MHz
Fixed
WiMAX
Mobile WiMAX/
Mob. 3G extension band
WiMAX
LTE
3000 MHz
3500 MHz
LTEAdv.
High Frequency
Short range
Evolution in site capacity from GSM to LTE
- Downlink, sum of voice and data
100
96
90
Total capacity per site (Mbps)
80
70
60
50
45
40
28
30
32
21
20
9
10
1
4.5
0
Plain GSM
Year 1995
(10 MHz)
GSM/EDGE
Year 2010
(10 MHz)
3G Rel.99
(15MHz)
Turbo-3G
(HSPA)
(15MHz)
Turbo-3G
(HSPA+)
(15 MHz)
LTE 800
(5 MHz)
LTE 1800
(10 MHz)
Disclaimer: Values should be taken as indicative. Performance will vary greatly with deployed solution,
surrounding environment, terminal penetration and size of frequency spectrum. HSPA assumes 14,4 Mbps
version. HSPA+ assumes 64QAM feature, not MIMO or Dual Carrier.
Source: CONTEST, Telenor.
LTE 2600
(20 MHz)
Competitive power
-Determined by spectrum
2600
10
MHz
2600
20
800
MHz
Fakecom
LTE deployment strategy
must be tuned to our
relative ability to compete.
To summmm up…
26
Key take-aways
•
Convergence: Usage and interactions between mobile and fixed
networks will continue to grow to ensure optimum service
offerings
•
Cost curves: Mobile technologies are much less suited for flatrate subscriptions than fixed broadband technologies
•
Hybrid networks: Operators need to utilize more than one
mobile technology to secure cost-effective deployments
•
Mobile Broadband: Mobile networks keep offering higher data
rates but within limited coverage range, especially indoor
•
Indoor coverage: Indoor mobile broadband users represent
majority of the traffic and should to a larger extent be connected
via indoor antenna solutions.
•
New spectrum: Mobile Broadband at low frequencies is a costeffective solution for areas with lower population density, as long
as a healthy traffic balance is maintained.
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LTE:
Customers expect high performance
…and they expect coverage
Thank you for
your attention!
Backup slides
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Abbreviations
BSC
Base Station Controller
BSS
Base Station Subsystem
BTS
Base Transceiver Station
CDMA
Code Division Multiple Access
CSD
Circuit Switched Data
CN
Core Network
D-AMPS
Digital-Advanced Mobile Phone System
EDGE
Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution
E-GPRS
Enhanced - GPRS
ERAN
EDGE Radio Access Network
ETSIEuropean Telecommunications
Standards Institute
FDD
Frequency Division Duplex
FDD-DS
Frequency Division Duplex –
Direct Spread
FDD-MC
Frequency Division Duplex - MultiCarrier
GGSN
Gateway GPRS Support Node
GERAN
GSM EDGE Radio Access Network
GMSK
Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying
(Modulation)
GPRS
General Packet Radio System
GSM Global System for Mobile
communication
HLR
Home Location Register
HSCSD
High Speed Circuit Switched Data
IN
Intelligent Network
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IP
Internet Protocol
ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network
ITU
International Telecommunication Union
IMT-2000
International Mobile Telecommunication
MSC Mobile Switching Center
PLMN
Public Land Mobile Network
PSK
Phase Shift Keying (Modulation)
PSTN
Public Switched Telephone Network
RNC Radio Network Controller
SCP
Service Control Point
SGSN
Serving GPRS Support Node
TDD
Time Division Duplex
TDMA
Time Division Multiple Access
UMTS
Universal Mobile Telecommunications
System
UTRAN
UMTS Terestrial Radio Access Network
VHE
Virtual Home Environment
VLR
Visitor Location Register
VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol
WAP Wireless Application Protocol
W-CDMA
Wideband -CDMA
2G
2nd Generation (mobile network)
(2,5G
GPRS)
3G
3rd Generation (mobile network)
3GPP
3rd Generation Partnership
Project
Sites, BTSs and cells…
•
A SITE is the physical location of which a base station is
placed. Includes all equipment put up by the operator
(mast, antennas,cabin, base station rack etc.)
•
A BTS is the base transceiver station, normally just
called base station, i.e. the cabinet(s) containing the 1-3
cells belonging to a site.
•
A NodeB is the term used for BTS in UMTS
•
A CELL is each uniquely identified GSM or UMTS capacity
source in a BTS or NodeB, defined by its own coverage
footprint (or coverage cell)
•
A TRX is a single transmitter/receiver unit able to provide
one single GSM frequency to the cell’s coverage footprint.
Each cell has 1-12 TRXs depending on the capacity need.
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Typical user data rates
LTEAdvanced
30 – 300 Mbit/s
LTE
5 – 60 Mbit/s
HSPA
1.0 – 5 Mbit/s
3G basic
150-350 kbit/s
100 kbps
1 Mbps
10 Mbps
100 Mbps
Target for the network evolution:
All IP broadband network
Basic network interfaces
Fixed
network
Authentication
Media
Gateway
Core
Network
Subscriber
profiles
Charging
Service Platform
Intelligent Network
Core
Transport
Base
Station
Control
Transport
Network
Backhaul
Packet
Switch
Gateway
Packet
Switch
Serving
Node
Base station
Radio /
Access
Network
network domain
user domain
Marie
Anne
Internet
Cost distribution in mobile networks
Core & Backbone network
Transport network
Radio Access network
BTS
MSC
BSC
ISP internet
connection
BTS
Hub
Core
Backbone network
Access network
m*E1
n*E1
MGW
E1
BTS
Backhaul
CAPEX share for
greenfield voice
30%
20%
50%
CAPEX share for
greenfield MBB
10%
45%
45%
13. april 2015