Citation Styles
MUCT 602
Fall 2008
Style Guides
A style guide is a book that gives
precise details on how to format an
academic document for a particular
context.
It includes information about writing
style, research practices, and most
helpfully, citation styles.
Style Guides
The style guide you use in this class will depend
upon your discipline.
– Academic music and performers will use:
• Turabian, Kate L. A Manual for Writers of
Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations,
7th ed.
– Music Educators will use:
• Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association, 5th ed.
Citation Styles
These rules apply to the bibliography.
Footnotes, endnotes, and parenthetical
references have completely different
requirements that are outlined in your style
guide.
Following this lecture, you will be expected to
use proper citation styles throughout the rest
of the semester. Always bring your style
guide to class and check it if you have
questions.
Basic Order of Elements:
Turabian
Author (lastname, firstname)
– subsequent authors’ names in direct order
Title: Subtitle
Editor, Compiler, Translator
– preceded by Edited by, Compiled by, etc.
Author of preface, introduction, or
foreword, if appropriate
Basic Order of Elements:
Turabian
Number or name of edition, if other than
first (2nd, 3rd, rev., enl., etc.)
Name of series, volume number
Place: publisher, date
Format: Turabian
First line flush with left margin
Subsequent lines are indented
– “hanging indent” in most word processing
programs; a paragraph format
Entries are single-spaced, with one
blank line between entries
Each main element ends with a period
Format: Turabian
– Author. Title. Facts of publication.
Book and journal titles are italicized;
underline only if italics are not available
Essay and journal article titles are
surrounded by double quotes
All significant title and subtitle words are
capitalized
Basic order of elements: APA
Author(s) (lastname, initial(s))
Publication date in parentheses
Title of article or essay: Subtitle
Name of editor (initial(s). lastname)
Title of book
Edition information
Place: Publisher
Format: APA
First line is flush with the left margin
Subsequent lines are indented
Entries are double-spaced
Book and journal titles are italicized
Unless names, only first word of titles
and subtitles capitalized
Examples: Books
Turabian:
Cope, David. New Directions in Music, 5th
ed. Dubuque, Iowa: W. C. Brown, 1989.
Barzun, Jacques and Henry F. Graf. The
Modern Researcher, 4th ed. San Diego,
California: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich,
Inc., 1985.
Examples: Books
APA:
Cope, D. (1989). New directions in music (5th ed.).
Dubuque, IA: W. C. Brown.
Barzun, J. & Graf, H. F. The modern researcher (4th ed.).
San Diego, CA: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, Inc.
Journal Articles: Turabian
Article title in quotations
Journal title in italics/underlined
No comma between journal title and
volume number
Date enclosed in parentheses followed
by a colon (:), and page number(s)
Journal Articles: APA
Article title not formatted
Journal title italicized
Comma between journal title and
volume number
Volume number italicized
Issue number in parentheses, followed
by a comma and page number(s)
Example, Journal Article:
Turabian
Krummel, D. W. “Searching and Sorting
on the Slippery Slope: Periodical
Publications of Victorian Music.” Notes:
Quarterly Journal of the Music Library
Association 46, no. 3 (March 1990):
593-608.
Example, Journal Article: APA
Krummel, D. W. (1990). Searching and sorting
on the slippery slope: Periodical
publications of Victorian music. Notes:
Quarterly Journal of the Music Library
Association, 46(3), 593-608.
Online Journal Article: Turabian
If based on a print journal, add URL or DOI
(digital object identifier) after page numbers.
If an article is in an online-only journal, place
URL or DOI after volume/issue information.
If you have a DOI number, use this in place of
the URL.
See page 185 for examples.
Online Journal Article: APA
If based on a print journal, add URL or
DOI after page numbers.
If an article is in an online-only journal,
place URL or DOI after volume/issue
information.
Example, Online Journal: Turabian
Lee, Jin Ha, and J. Stephen Downie. "Survey of Music Information
Needs, Uses, and Seeking Behaviours: Preliminary Findings."
Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Music
Information Retrieval: ISMIR 2004 (2004): 441-446.
http://ismir2004.ismir.net/proceedings/p081-page-441paper232.pdf (accessed July 1, 2008).
Ward, Jamie, Elias Tsakanikos, and Alice Bray. "Synaesthesia for
Reading and Playing Musical Notes." Neurocase 12, no. 1
(2006): 27-34. DOI: 10.1080/13554790500473672 (accessed
July 28, 2008).
Example, Online Journal: APA
Lee, J. H. & Downie, J.S. (2004). Survey of music information needs, uses,
and seeking behaviours: Preliminary findings. Proceedings of the 5th
International Conference on Music Information Retrieval: ISMIR 2004,
441-446. http://ismir2004.ismir.net/proceedings/p081-page-441paper232.pdf
Ward, J., Tsakanikos, E. & Bray, A. Synaesthesia for reading and playing
musical notes. (2006). Neurocase, 12(1), 27-34. doi:
10.1080/13554790500473672
Chapters: Turabian
Name of chapter/essay author(s)
Title of chapter/essay in double quotes
Title of book in italics, preceded by In
Editor’s name
Facts of publication
Chapters: APA
Name of author(s)
Date of publication
Title of chapter
Editors, preceded by In
Title of book (page numbers)
Place: Publisher
Example, Chapters: Turabian
Shepherd, John. “Difference and Power in
Music.” In Musicology and Difference:
Gender and Sexuality in Music
Scholarship, edited by Ruth A. Solie.
Berkeley: University of California Press,
1993.
Example, Chapters: APA
Shepherd, J. (1993). Difference and power in music.
In R. A. Solie (Ed.), Musicology and
difference: Gender and sexuality in music
scholarship (pp. 46-65). Berkeley: University
of California Press.
Unsigned Encyclopedia Article:
Turabian
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and
Musicians. Edited by Stanley Sadie.
London: Macmillan, 1980. s.v. “Bury,
Bernard de.”
Unsigned Encyclopedia Article:
APA
Bernard de Bury. (1980). In S. Sadie.
(Ed.), The new Grove dictionary of
music and musicians (Vol. 3, pp.
496-497). London: Macmillan.
Signed Encyclopedia Article:
Turabian
Fortune, Nigel. “Zumsteeg, Johann
Rudolf.” In The New Grove Dictionary of
Music and Musicians, edited by Stanley
Sadie. London: Macmillan, 1980.
Signed Encyclopedia Article: APA
Fortune, N. (1980). Zumsteeg, Johann Rudolf. In S.
Sadie (Ed.). The new Grove dictionary of
music and musicians (Vol. 20, pp. 716-717).
London: Macmillan, 1980.
Sound Recordings: General
Format
Turabian:
Composer. Title of work. Performer, instrument or
ensemble, conductor. Labelname number.
APA:
Composer. (Date of pressing). Title of work [Artist]. On
Title of album [Medium]. Place: Label [label
number].
Sound Recordings: Example
Turabian
Kolb, Barbara. Soundings. L’Ensemble
Intercontemporain, Arturo Tamayo,
conductor. CRI CD 576.
Sound Recordings: Example
APA
Kolb, Barbara. (n.d.). Soundings [Performed by
l’Ensemble Intercontemporain, Arturo Tamayo,
conductor]. [CD]. New York: Composers’
Recordings, Inc. [CRI CD-576].
Sound Recordings: 1 Piece
Turabian
Goeb, Roger. “Two Divertimenti for Two
Flutes.” On A Tribute to Otto Luening.
Members of the New York Flute Club.
CRI CD 561.
Sound Recordings: 1 Piece
APA
Goeb, Roger. (n.d.). Two divertimenti for two flutes
[Performed by members of the New York Flute
Club]. On A tribute to Otto Luening [CD]. New York:
Composers Recordings, Inc. [CRI CD-530].
Single Score
Turabian
Willaert, Adrian. De Profundis (Psalm 129:
A Song of Hope). Edited and translated
by Ralph Hunter. New York: C. F.
Peters, 1992.
Single Score
APA
Willaert, A. (1992). De profundis (Psalm
129: A song of hope). R. Hunter (Ed.
& Trans.). New York: C. F. Peters.
Piece in a Collection
Turabian
Armer, Elinor. “Kellon’s Counting Game.”
In Various Leaves: A Collection of Brief
Works by Contemporary American
Composers. Berkeley, California: Fallen
Leaf Press, 1992.
Piece in a Collection
APA
Armer, E. (1992). Kellon’s counting game. In
Various leaves: A collection of brief works
by contemporary American composers (p.
36). Berkeley, CA: Fallen Leaf Press.