Dr Yulizar D. Sanrego, M.Ec & Team
Institute for Research & Community Enpowerment (LPPM)
www.tazkia.ac.id
PRESENTATION AGENDA
1)
2)
3)
4)
Overview Bank & Non-Bank Institution
Research Objective
Research Methodology
Problem Decomposition /Model
Construction
5) Finding & Discussion
6) Recommendation
SHARIA BANKING & MICRO
COVERAGE
VS
BANK
MFI/IMFI
Uncompleted
Prerequisite
The Most Regulated
Institution
DIFFERENT: Standard/Regulation,
GCG, HR Standard
DIVERGENCE
(Purwandono, 2011 – modified)
3
THE COVERAGE OF SHARIA FINANCIAL INDUSTRY
Fatwa
DSN - MUI
Act No. 17 - 2012
Cooperative
& Baitul Maal
wa Tamwil
(BMT)
Ministry of
Cooperative
& SMEs
Sharia
Financial
Industry
Finance
Service
Authority
1. Islamic Capital Market;
2. Sharia Insurance;
3. Sharia Multifinace;
4. Sharia Pawnshop.
5. Islamic Microfinance
Act No. 1 - 2013
Sovereign Sukuk
Negara & Tax
Cental Bank of
Indonesia
Ministry of
Finance
4
Direktorat Pasar Modal Syariah
Macro Policy
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 This research is using Analytic Network Process
(ANP).
 ANP is a new qualitative method approach,
which is non-parametric and non-Bayesian, to a
decision-making process that provides a general
framework in treating decisions without making
assumptions about the independence of the
elements at a higher level than the elements on
the lower level and on the independence of the
elements in a level.
Priority Scale and Rater Agreement
1. Priority Scale (PS)
PS is a scale that shows how important an
issue compared to other issues. The higher
the priority number, the higher important
problem needs to be solved.
2. Rater Agreement (RA)
RA is the level of agreement value among
respondents in assessing the problem.
RESEARCH PHASE
(1) Model
Construction
(2) Model
Quantification
(3) Result Analysis
Decomposition Problem Figure
DEVELOPMENT POLICY OF IMFS
Problem
PROBLEM
Supporting Entity Regulation
Regulation of Competition Restriction
Financing Ceiling
Deposit Guarantee
Customers’ Turnover
Credit Guarantee
Service Coverage
IMFS Healthy Rating
Operational Assistance
Operational Standard
Financing Analisys and Risk Management Risk
Financial Assistance
Customer Companion and Capacity Building
IT Development Assistance
Sharia Compliance Standard
Management Capacity Building & HR
Development
SOLUTION
Establishment of Competition Restriction Regulation
Establishment of Supporting Entity Regulation
Establishment of Operational Standard
Operational Assistance
IMFS Development Policy
(Practitioners)
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
bantuanop
rpenunjang
0.25
rpersaingan
standarop
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
p1
p2
p3
p4
p5
 Bantuanop = Operational Assistance:
Operational support that alignments of
government through government programs
that are allocated for development IMFS.
 Rpenunjang = Supporting Regulation:
Supporting regulation is a regulation relating
to the establishment and regulation of
supporting institutions that are needed to
help IMFS to be more established, effective
& efficient in their activities.
 Rpersaingan = Regulation of Competition
Restriction: It is legislation governing
competition between IMFS with other
financial institutions, especially commercial
banks and other large financial institutions.
 Standarop = Operational Standard: It is a
wide range of technical and operational
standards that are being made to maintain
service quality of IMFS.
Regulation of Competition Restriction
(Practitioners)
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
omset
0.4
plafon
S-coveage
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
p1
p2
p3
p4
p5
 Omset = Customers’ Restriction :
means that there should be clear
limits on competition among
financial institutions regulated
through the turnover of
customers who obtain financing
from Financial Institutions.
 Plafon =Ceiling Financing : It
means there should be clear
limits on competition among
financial institutions regulated
through the amount of ceiling
financing provided by Financial
Institutions to customers.
 S-coverage =It is the extent of
coverage and the number of
financial services institutions.
Supporting Regulation
(Practitioners)
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
kesehatan
pkredit
psimpanan
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
p1
p2
p3
p4
p5
 Kesehatan = IMFS Healthy :
That is the agency that
independently and
continuously assess the health
of IMFS.
 Pkredit = Credit Guarantee
Institution: Namely the
existence of institutions that
guarantee loans granted by
IMFS to customers.
 Psimpanan = Deposit
Guarantee Institution: namely
the existence of deposit
insurance agency that
guarantees deposits of IMFS
customers.
Operational Standard
(Practitioners)
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
standarapmr
standarks
standarppn
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
p1
p2
p3
p4
p5
 Standarapmr = Financing Analysis Standard
& Risk Manajement: required by IMFS
because of the general analysis of financing
and risk management among a IMFS with
other IMFS are still different; some are
already have the standards and some are
not.
 Standarks = Sharia Compliance Standard:
which is a standard that can measure and
evaluate sharia compliance of IMFS in its
operations.
 Standarppn = Customer Companion and
Capacity Building Standard: Mentoring
and coaching customers is one of the
hallmarks of IMFS. The existence of
mentoring and coaching clients become
more strategic value. However, there is no
standard mentoring and coaching for the
clients among IMFS.
Operasional Assistance
(Practitioners)
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
IT
0.4
permodalan
Sdm
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
p1
p2
p3
p4
p5
 IT = IT Development Assistance: The
use of IT in the majority of IMFS still
limited. This leads to cost and
inefficient management both in
terms of time, effort and cost.
 Permodalan = Financial Assistance:
In this case IMFS not have a lender of
last resort like banking industry.
 Sdm = Management Capacity
Building & HR Development: HR of
LKMS require multi skills, in addition
to skills in terms of collecting and
distributing funds. Sharia knowledge
and skills on coaching clients is also
required. If all are covered by IMFS, it
will be very expensive. For IMFS
which do not have sufficient funds,
automatically it will employ HR with
modest quality.
The Solution of IMFS Development
(Practitioners)
0.6
0.5
0.4
pembentukanrp
pembentukanrpp
0.3
pembentukanso
pemberianbo
0.2
0.1
0
p1
p2
p3
p4
p5
 Pembentukanrp = The
establishment of
Supporting Regulation
 Pembentukanrpp = The
establishment of Regulation
of Competition Restriction
inter financial institutions.
 Pembentukanso = The
establishment of
Operasional standard.
 Pembentukanbo = The
establishment of
Operational Assistance.
IMFS Development Policy
(Academicians)
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
bantuanop
rpenunjang
0.25
rpersaingan
0.2
standarop
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
a1
a2
a3
a4
a5
 Bantuanop = Operational Assistance :
Operational support that alignments of
government through government programs
that are allocated for development IMFS.
 Rpenunjang = Supporting Regulations:
Supporting regulation is a regulation relating
to the establishment and regulation of
supporting institutions that are needed to
help IMFS more established in their
activities. .
 Rpersaingan = Regulation of Competition
Restriction: It is legislation governing
competition between IMFS with other
financial institutions, especially commercial
banks and other large financial institutions.
 Standarop = Operational Standard: It is a
wide range of technical and operational
standards are being made to maintain the
quality of service of IMFS.
Regulation of Competition Restriction
(Practitioners)
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
omset
plafon
S-coveage
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
a1
a2
a3
a4
a5
 Omset = Customers’ Turn-over:
means that there should be clear
limits on competition among
financial institutions regulated
through the turnover of
customers who obtain financing
from Financial Institutions.
 Plafon =Ceiling Financing : It
means there should be clear
limits on competition among
financial institutions regulated
through the amount of ceiling
financing provided by Financial
Institutions to customers.
 S-coverage =It is the extent of
coverage and the number of
financial services institutions.
Supporting Regulation
(Academicians)
0.7
0.6
kesehatan
0.5
0.4
pkredit
0.3
0.2
psimpanan
0.1
0
a1
a2
a3
a4
a5
 Kesehatan = IMFS Healthy :
That is the agency that
independently and
continuously assess the health
of IMFS.
 Pkredit = Credit Guarantee
Institution: Namely the
existence of institutions that
guarantee loans granted by
IMFS to customers.
 Psimpanan = Deposit
Guarantee Institution: namely
the existence of deposit
insurance agency that
guarantees deposits of IMFS
customers.
Operational Standard
(Academicians)
0.6
0.5
0.4
standarapmr
0.3
standarks
standarppn
0.2
0.1
0
a1
a2
a3
a4
a5
 Standarapmr = Financing Analysis Standard
& Risk Manajement: required by IMFS
because of the general analysis of financing
and risk management among a IMFS with
other IMFS are still different; some are
already have the standards and some are
not.
 Standarks = Sharia Compliance Standard:
which is a standard that can measure and
evaluate sharia compliance of IMFS in its
operations.
 Standarppn = Customer Companion and
Capacity Building Standard: Mentoring
and coaching customers is one of the
hallmarks of IMFS. The existence of
mentoring and coaching clients become
more strategic value. However, there is no
standard mentoring and coaching for the
clients among IMFS.
Operational Assistance
(Academicians)
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
IT
permodalan
Sdm
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
a1
a2
a3
a4
a5
 IT = Bantuan Pengembangan IT :
Penggunaan IT pada mayoritas LKMS masih
terbatas. Hal ini menyebabkan biaya dan
pengelolaan yang tidak efisien baik dari segi
waktu, tenaga dan biaya.
 Permodalan = Bantuan Permodalan : Dalam
hal ini LKMS tidak memiliki lender of the last
resort layaknya perbankan umum.
 Sdm = Pembinaan Managerial dan
Pengembangan SdM : SdM dari LKMS
memerlukan multi skill, selain skill dalam hal
menghimpun dan menyalurkan dana, skill
tentang pengetahuan syariah dan pmbinaan
nasabah juga diperlukan. Jika semua itu
dibebankan pada LKMS maka akan memakan
biaya yang tidak sedikit, sedangkan bagi
LKMS yang tidak mempunyai cukup dana
maka akan mempekerjakan SdM dengan
kualitas sekedarnya.
The Solution of IMFS Development
(Academicians)
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
pembentukanrp
pembentukanrpp
0.25
pembentukanso
0.2
pemberianbo
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
a1
a2
a3
a4
a5
 Pembentukanrp = The
establishment of
Supporting Regulation
 Pembentukanrpp = The
establishment of Regulation
of Competition Restriction
inter financial institutions.
 Pembentukanso = The
establishment of
Operasional standard.
 Pembentukanbo = The
establishment of
Operational Assistance.
Priority Values & Rater
Agreement Analysis
Priority & Rater Agreement Value Analysis
(IMFS Development Policy Problem)
Supporting Institution Regulation
(Rater Agreement)
ITEMS
PRACTITIONERS
ACADEMICIANS
TOTAL
AV
R
AV
R
AV
R
Health Assessor
0,39
1
0,5
1
0,45
1
Credit Guarantee
0,29
3
0,23
3
0,26
3
Deposit Guarantee
0,32
2
0,27
2
0,29
2
Rater agreement
0,25
ASPECT
0,31
0,12
Regulation of Competition Restriction
(Rater Agreement)
ITEMS
PRACTITIONERS
ACADEMICIANS
TOTAL
AV
R
AV
R
AV
R
Customers’ Turn-over
0,28
3
0,47
1
0,37
2
Financing Ceiling
0,38
1
0,39
2
0,39
1
Service-coverage
0,34
2
0,14
3
0,24
3
Rater agreement
0,03
ASPECT
0,73
0,053
Operational Standard
(Rater Agreement)
ITEMS
PRACTITIONERS
ACADEMICIANS
TOTAL
AV
R
AV
R
AV
R
Financing Analysis & Risk Management
Standard
0,33
2
0,36
2
0,35
2
Sharia Compliance Standard
0,41
1
0,37
1
0,39
1
Mentoring & Coaching Standard
0,26
3
0,27
3
0,26
3
Rater agreement
0,09
ASPECT
0,60
0,063
Operational Assistance
(RA)
ITEMS
PRACTITIONERS
ACADEMICIANS
TOTAL
AV
R
AV
R
AV
R
Management Capacity Building &
HR Development
0,46
1
0,46
1
0,46
1
IT Development Assistance
0,32
2
0,22
3
0,27
2
Financial Assistance
0,22
3
0,32
2
0,27
3
Rater agreement
0,25
ASPECT
0,60
0,043
Problem Solutions Analysis….
ITEMS
PRACTITIONERS
ACADEMICIANS
TOTAL
AV
R
AV
R
AV
R
Operational Assistance
0,23
3
0,21
3
0,22
4
Establishment of Supporting Regulation
0,22
4
0,24
2
0,23
3
Establishment of Competition Restriction
Regulation
Establishment of Operational Standard
0,27
2
0,20
4
0,24
2
0,28
1
0,35
1
0,31
1
Rater agreement
0,14
ASPECT
0,33
0,09
CONCLUDING REMARKS
 Problem decomposition shows that the problem of IMFS
Development from regulation and institution perspective are
consist of four main clusters: No Regulation of Competition
Restriction among financial institutions, No Regulation on
Supporting Institution, No Operational standard & lack Operasional
Assistance.
 The PROBLEM of No Regulation on Supporting Institution becomes
the main problem with its priority value 0,31, followed by No
Operational standard (0,28), No Regulation of Competition
Restriction among financial institutions (0,27) and last but not least
lack Operasional Assistance(0,14)
 In the cluster of No Regulation of Competition Restriction among
financial institutions, competition restriction through financing
ceiling is the main priority with its priority value 0,39, followed by
the restriction through the turn-over with 0,37 and finally service
coverage with 0,24.
Continue…..
 In the cluster whereby supporting regulation is absence, Supporting
regulation in the form of health assessments become the top
priority with its priority value 0.45. The second one in this cluster
with considerable difference is deposit guarantee regulations with
0.29 and finally is credit guarantee regulation with its priority value
0.26.
 In the cluster whereby operation standard is absence, the absence
of sharia compliance standard issue is at the top priority with its
priority value of 0.39. The second priority with slightly difference is
the absence of financial analysis and risk management with 0.35
and finally is credit guarantee regulation with 0.26.
 In the cluster whereby operation assistance is minimum, minimum
assistance for human resources empowerment is at the top priority
with its priority value 0.39. In the second and third priority level
with a slightly different, that is sequence minimum assistance of IT
with its priority value 0.27 and limited funding assistance with 0.27.
THE SOLUTION….
The research results in the solution cluster suggests
that the formation of operational standards become
the first priority with its priority value 0.31, followed by
the establishment of competition regulation with 0.24,
supporting regulation with 0.23 and finally providing
operational assistance. In general, it can be seen that
the average priority values are slightly different which
indicates that the all mentioned solutions have
relatively the similar priority value to be further
executed.
RECOMMENDATION….
◦ The government should immediately establish
operational standards (particularly sharia
compliance issue) since it is urgent to be
implemented as a reference for IMFS. Both
respondent practitioners and academicians are
agreed upon that the establishment of
operational standards is the first priority followed
by other solutions that have been mentioned
above.
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