Wireless Communication
Trends
Mansura Habiba
Overview
• Wireless Connectivity: Present Trend
• NFC : Technical Specification
• What is NFC?
• NFC Operation Modes
• NFC Technologies
• How NFC works
• NFC: New opportunities
• NFC: Benefits and Limitations
2
Overview
• iBeacon : Technical Specification
• What is iBeacon
• How iBeacon Works
• iBeacon : New opportunities
• iBeacon: Benefits and Limitations
• Comparison of NFC and Smart & Smart-Ready Bluetooth
3
Overview
• Zigbee: Technical Specification
• Zigbee: New opportunities
• Zigbee: Benefits and Limitations
• Ant+: Technical Specification
• Ant+: New opportunities
• Ant+: Benefits and Limitations
• Comparison of different Wireless Connectivity Protocol
4
Wireless Connectivity: Present Trend
5
Different Wireless Connectivity Trends
6
NFC: Typical Use
7
NFC: Typical Use (Cont..)
8
Beacon: Typical Use
Commercialization
Secure Tansaction
Shopping : Payment
9
iBeacon: Typical Use
In-Door Navigation
Localization
Car Security
10
Bluetooth: Typical Use
Hands free Device
Health Application
Connectivity
11
BLE: Typical Use
Event Trigger
Location Monitor
12
Zigbee: Typical Use
13
ANT+ : Typical Use
Fitness Application
Fitness Application
14
NFC: Near Field Communication
15
What is NFC
• NFC or Near Field Communication is a short range high
frequency wireless communication technology
• A radio communication is established by touching two
devices or keeping them in a proximity of a few
centimeters up to 10 cm
• Allows communication between
• Two powered (active) devices
• One powered and one non self powered (passive) device
16
Peer to Peer
NFC operation Mode
NFC Reader
Card Emulator
17
NFC Reader
18
NFC: New Opportunities
• Share ringtone: Recently Fanta has used NFC for sharing ringtones
• Share promotional commercial
• NFC enabled Vending Machine
19
NFC Tag Provider
http://rapidnfc.com/nfc_tag_antennas
20
Benefits of NFC
• NFC is compatible with existing passive RFID infrastructures unlike
Bluetooth.
• NFC is slow, uses less power and less setup time compared to Bluetooth
• Uses Short range secured channel for communication which prevents
hackers from snooping information during data transfer.
21
Benefits of NFC
• Easy to setup and incorporate with compatible existing systems
• No special software needed
• No manual configuration and settings needed
• No search and pair procedure needed.
22
Limitations of NFC
• NFC’s maximum data transfer rate is slower than that of Bluetooth
4.0.
• Short distance action is a major drawback of NFC
23
iBeacon / Beacon / BLE
24
iBeaCon (iOS + BeaCon)
• Beacon tech introduced by Apple
• An extremely accurate locating system
• Runs on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)
• Push notification system based on location
• When the device is nearby any beacon content, there will be a push
notification in the device
25
iBeacon Features
• Included in Bluetooth 4.0+
• Geo-fence
• Peer-to-Peer, WPAN
• Low power consumption
• Low cost
• Multi Vendor interoperability
26
iBeacon:Multiple points Communication
27
Some iBeacon examples
28
Proximity and Microlocation
29
iBeacon: Benefits
• Low cost & Low Energy
• P2P and star network support
• Wider range than NFC
30
iBeacon: Limitations
• Not approved for secured financial transactions
• Conflicts with different Beacon points is still not handled
• Turn location monitoring all the time
• Requires recharging the active device
• Practical transfer rate is below 100 kb/s
• iBeacon needs power source.
31
Beacon in Commercial use
• Paypal Beacon
32
Zigbee: PAN, Mesh Network, Ad-hoc digital
radio networks
33
Zigbee: Features
• Low cost and Low Energy
• Mesh network PAN
• Can transmit data over long range
• Operates in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio bands:
868 MHz in Europe, 915 MHz
34
Zigbee: Benefits
• Can not act as both Beacon and Non-Beacon Mode
• Remote Sensing and control
35
Zigbee: Limitations
• Very low bandwidth
• Practical range is too low 10-meter range. In comparison the
specification is up to 100m
36
Zigbee:New Opportunities
37
Zigbee: Home Automation
38
Zigbee vs. BLE
BLE
ZigBee
Protocol Stack
250 kb
< 32 kb (4kb)
Range
10 - 100 meters
30 - 100 meters
Link Rate
1 Mbps
250 kbps
Battery
rechargeable
non-rechargeable
Devices
8
2^16
Air Interface
FHSS
DSSS
Usage
frequently
infrequently
Network Join Time
3 sec
30msec
Extendibility
no
yes
Security
PIN, 64 bit, 128 Bit
128 bit, AES
39
Zigbee vs. BLE
BLE
ZigBee
Beacon Mode
Either Beacon or NonBeacon
Both
Connectivity
Machine to Machine
Remote Sensing
Power Consumption
Comparatively High
Low
Setup
Take long time
Faster
Network
Adhoc, Piconet
Adhoc, Star, Mesh,
Hybrid, Piconet
40
•ANT+ is the wireless
technology that allows your
monitoring devices to talk to
each other. Leading brands
design ANT+ into top products
to ensure that you get the data
you want - when and where
you want it. Fundamentally,
ANT+ gives you the simplest,
most expandable and most
reliable user experience
possible.
Ant+: What is Ant+
•ANT+ stands for
interoperability which means
that ANT+ products from
multiple brands work
together. Plus, because
devices are compatible, you
can always add to or update
your monitoring system.
41
Ant+: Device Profile
ANT+ devices use the ANT+ network key to access the ANT+
network, and they implement at least one of the ANT+ device
profiles.
42
Comparison of NFC and Smart & Smart-Ready
Bluetooth
43
Learn, create
and make
it work
44
Additional slides with information
45
How NFC Works
Initiator
Reader peakdetects the
amplititude
modulated
Target
two loop antennas
create air-core
communication
Reader continiously
generates as RF carrier
sine wave at 13,56 MHz
Receive sufficient energy
and starts clocking its data
that connected at coils
input
Shunting the coil
causes a
momentary
fluctuation
46
NFC: Overview
47
Features of NFC
• NFC is an extention of Radio frequency Identification (RFID)
technology that combines the interface of a smartcard and a
reader into a single device.
• It operates within gobal unlicensed radio frequency band of
13,56MHz with a bandwidth of 14KHz.
• Supported data rates 106,212 and 424 Kbit/s
• Setup time is < 0,1 sec
• Able to receive and transmit data at the same time This
solves the problem of recovering data corruption during
transmission .
48
NDEF Record Type technical info
49
NFC Technology Protocols
50
iBeacon - Technical background
• iBeacon are tiny lowcost, low energy, battery operated wireless transmitter
• iBeacon broadcast small data packet per second using BLE
• iBeacon enabled Apps are notified when the mobile device moves in or out
of the range of iBeacon using geo-location (micro-location) and contextual
interaction
• Proximity to a specific iBeacon can trigger some app functionality to
perform a specific action on a specific mobile device at an exact specific
time and in a specific location
• If Apps can connect to the Net this interaction can be taken to next stage
51
Comparison of Different Wireless Connections
Bluetooth
BLE
(beacon/ibeac
on)
NFC
ZigBee
ANT+
Range (m)
<100
<50
< 0.2
30 - 100
50
Link Rate
2,1 MBps
25 Mbps
424 kbps
250 kbps
1Mbps
Battery
rechargeable
rechargeable
rechargeable
non-rechargeable
rechargeable
Devices
8
8
2
2^16
4
Network
Topology
star, P2P
star, P2P
P2P
Mesh, star, P2P
Mesh, star, P2P.
Tree
Network Join
Time
6 sec
3 sec
0,1 sec
30msec
90msec
Extendibility
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Security
64 bit, 128 Bit
PIN, 64 bit, 128
Bit
Non-RFID
128 bit, AES
No
Extra Chip
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Cost
<30$
1$-5$
>$200
25$-50$
<1$
52
NFC vs. RFID
53
Bluetooth vs. BLE
54
NFC vs. BLE
55
NFC vs. iBeacon
iBeacon
NFC
Technology
BLE
NFC
Os Support
Android, ioS & Windows
Android& Windows
Manufacturer
10/10
9/10
Scan Distance
<=50m
<=10cm
Cost
25$-50$
<1$
No touch required
Touch is required
Connection Point
Yes
No
Power Consumption
Less
More
Proximity
56
NFC vs. iBeacon (Cont.)
iBeacon
NFC
Requirement
Bluetooth 4.0
chip
Mechanism Content
Notification by beacon
(phone stanbye)
Detection of tag
Power
Beacon active
Tag active or passive
Range
Up to 50 m
Up to 4 m
Content application
interworking
Pairing with device
NDEF content types
57
NFC vs. iBeacon (Cont.)
Application side
beacon or tag (supplies
content to application)
NFC
Mobile phone with NFC chip
Tag with NFC chip
NFC
Device with NFC chip
Mobile phone with NFC chip
iBeacon
Mobile phone with Bluetooth iBeacon with Bluetooth 4.0
4.0
iBeacon
Device with Bluetooth 4.0
Mobile Phone with iBeacon
58
Comparison of NFC and other RFID
technologies
59
Zigbee vs. BLE
BLE
ZigBee
Protocol Stack
250 kb
< 32 kb (4kb)
Range
10 - 100 meters
30 - 100 meters
Link Rate
1 Mbps
250 kbps
Battery
rechargeable
non-rechargeable
Devices
8
2^16
Air Interface
FHSS
DSSS
Usage
frequently
infrequently
Network Join Time
3 sec
30msec
Extendibility
no
yes
Security
PIN, 64 bit, 128 Bit
128 bit, AES
60
Zigbee vs. BLE
BLE
ZigBee
Beacon Mode
Either Beacon or NonBeacon
Both
Connectivity
Machine to Machine
Remote Sensing
Power Consumption
Comparatively High
Low
Setup
Take long time
Faster
Network
Adhoc, Piconet
Adhoc, Star, Mesh,
Hybrid, Piconet
61
Common ANT vs. BLE
ANT
BLE
Technology
P2P, star, tree, mesh
P2P, star
Channel width
1 MHz
2MHz
Battery
rechargeable
non-rechargeable
Data Rate
1Mbs
1Mbs
Range
50m
50m
Usage
frequently
infrequently
Network Join Time
long
short
Extendibility
no
yes
Security
64 bit key
128 bit, AES
62