Pavement Performance
Specifications
Research
Florida Department of Transportation
Asphalt Pavement Facts
• FDOT: 5 million tons asphalt per year
– Approximately $500 million
– 300 construction projects
• 96% of pavements in Florida are asphalt
– 93% of pavements in US are asphalt
• It’s 100% recyclable (RAP)
• Typical life-span in Florida is 17 years
Florida Department of Transportation
Statewide Pavement Performance
Section 334.046 of Florida Statutes:
“Ensuring that 80% of the pavement on the SHS meets Department Standards”
Florida Department of Transportation
Statewide Pavement Performance
28%
Crack
Ride
Rut
26%
24%
22%
% Deficient
20%
18%
16%
14%
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
Florida Department of Transportation
Deficient Roadways
Florida Department of Transportation
Asphalt Specifications Update
January 2013 – July 2014
Florida Department of Transportation
January 2013 Workbook
• Section 300 – Prime and Tack Coats
– Approved NTSS-1hm (trackless tack) as prime coat
– Tack all asphalt layers (clarification)
Florida Department of Transportation
January 2013 Workbook
• Section 320 – Hot Mix Asphalt – Plant
Methods and Equipment
– No more viscosity testing of RAP every 5000 tons
(Materials Memo 01-13)
– Can use loaded aggregate trucks for scale checks.
– Modified wording related to release agents;
banning petroleum based products, not just
“diesel fuel”
Florida Department of Transportation
January 2013 Workbook
• Section 330 – Hot Mix Asphalt - General
Construction Requirements
– Eliminated mandatory requirement to perform QC
rolling straightedge testing on friction course if
final acceptance is by laser profiler
– Can only mill out high straightedge deficiencies.
No milling of “two highs” to fix a low deficiency
Florida Department of Transportation
January 2013 Workbook
• Section 334 – Superpave Asphalt Concrete
– Lowered minimum overbuild thickness for SP-12.5
to ½”
Table 334-2
Asphalt Binder Grade for Mixes Containing RAP
Percent RAP
Asphalt Binder Grade
0 - 15
PG 67-22
16 - 30
PG 58-22
>30
PG 52-28
– Removed Ninitial requirements
Florida Department of Transportation
January 2013 Workbook
• Section 334 – Superpave Asphalt Concrete
– No density testing if less than 50 tons of “density
mix” in a sublot
– No more pro-rating LOT pay factors by density
required/no density required areas. Entire LOT
gets pay factor unless entire LOT is no density
required
Florida Department of Transportation
January 2013 Workbook
• Section 916 – Bituminous Materials
– Elimination of RA viscosity graded binders. Now
all binders are PG graded
– Removed RA-500, RA-750, RA-1000, RA-1500 and
replaced with PG 52-28 and PG 58-22
– No longer using PG 64-22 for HMA
– Eliminated net total of three binders
– Materials Memo 11-26 issued to allow use on
contracts let prior to January 2013
Florida Department of Transportation
July 2013 Workbook
• Section 234 – Superpave Asphalt Base
– Can substitute a SP-12.5 Traffic Level D or E
mixture in lieu of a Type B-12.5 mixture, not to
exceed 500 tons for a project, at no extra cost to
the Department, in limited situations if approved
by the Engineer
• Section 320 – Hot Mix Asphalt – Plant
Methods and Equipment
– Cover and tie down all loads of friction course
Florida Department of Transportation
July 2013 Workbook
• Section 330 – Hot Mix Asphalt - General
Construction Requirements
– Moved FC-5 temperature requirements from 337
to 330
Florida Department of Transportation
July 2013 Workbook
• Section 334 – Superpave Asphalt Concrete
– Variable thickness overbuild layers constructed
using a Type SP-9.5 or SP-12.5 mixtures may be
tapered to zero thickness provided a minimum of
1-1/2 inches of dense-graded mix is placed over
the variable thickness overbuild layer
– Pavement Composition Report changed to
Pavement Coring Report
Florida Department of Transportation
July 2013 Workbook
• Section 336 – Asphalt Rubber Binder
– Eliminated ARB-5 and ARB-12
• Section 916 – Bituminous Materials
– Addition of “PG 76-22 (ARB)” to replace ARB-5 and
ARB-12
– Requirements for “PG 76-22 (ARB)”:
•
•
•
•
Minimum 7% GTR. Certification
Optional polymer modification, if needed
Must meet the requirements for PG 76-22
Additional “separation” requirement to minimize settlement
Florida Department of Transportation
July 2013 Workbook
• Section 916 – Bituminous Materials
– Previous PG 76-22 with SBS polymer renamed to
PG 76-22 (PMA)
– PG 82-22 (PMA) added to standard specification
– Implementation of Multiple Stress Creep Recovery
(MSCR) tests for modified binders only
– Polyphosphoric acid (PPA) may be used as a
modifier not exceeding 1.25% by weight of asphalt
binder
Florida Department of Transportation
July 2013 Workbook
• Section 919 – Ground Tire Rubber
– Modified gradation requirements (only max
particle size; 98% passing no. 30 sieve)
– Removed mandatory ambient grinding
requirement
– Changed maximum Rubber Hydrocarbon Content
from 55% to 60% to reflect modern day tires
Florida Department of Transportation
January 2014 Workbook
• Section 320 – Hot Mix Asphalt – Plant
Methods and Equipment
– Allows the first five loads of WMA to be produced
at HMA temperature for purposes of heating the
paver. Mix temperature not to exceed 330°F
• Section 330 – Hot Mix Asphalt - General
Construction Requirements
– Do not use diesel fuel or other petroleum based
solvents contained in an open container for
cleaning purposes on the paver
Florida Department of Transportation
January 2014 Workbook
• Section 334 – Superpave Asphalt Concrete
– Removed coarse graded mixtures
– Increased maximum lift thickness of fine graded
SP-19.0 mix type from 3" to 3-1/2" because coarse
graded mixtures were removed
• Section 337 – Asphalt Concrete Friction
Courses
– Increased maximum possible design AC content
for granite FC-5 mixtures from 7.0 to 7.5%
Florida Department of Transportation
January 2014 Workbook
• Section 916 – Bituminous Materials
– Added a statement that excess PG 76-22 (ARB)
could be mixed with unmodified binder under the
conditions outlined in the specification
Florida Department of Transportation
July 2014 Workbook
• Section 300 - Prime and Tack Coats
– Removed cut-back prime coats and emulsion grades not
being used any more
– Added two new trackless tack products
• Section 320 – Hot Mix Asphalt – Plant Methods and
Equipment
– Added language "For warm mix asphalt, the Contractor
may produce the first five loads of the production day
and at other times when approved by the Engineer, at a
hot mix asphalt temperature not to exceed 330°F for
purposes of heating the asphalt paver
Florida Department of Transportation
July 2014 Workbook
• Section 334 – Superpave Asphalt Concrete
– Added clarification for SP-19.0 mixtures: "Type
SP-19.0 - May not be used in the final (top)
structural layer below FC-5 mixtures. Type SP-19.0
mixtures are permissible in the layer directly below
FC-9.5 and FC-12.5 mixtures."
– Set time limit of 60 days for how long a LOT can be
left open.
Florida Department of Transportation
July 2014 Workbook
• Section 916 – Bituminous Materials
– Removed cut-backs, some emulsions, and added
trackless tacks
– Emulsions now approved and monitored like
binders. Added to the QPL.
– For PG 76-22 (ARB), provide a certification
statement on the product evaluation application
and in the Quality Control Program that a
minimum of 7.0% GTR is used in the formulation
of the binder.
Florida Department of Transportation
Hot Topics & Research Notables
Florida Department of Transportation
NCAT Test Track
• 20” of asphalt base  insures all
failures are in the top 4” asphalt
structural layers.
• One truck = six fully loaded 18wheelers (152,000 lbs.)
• Five trucks are operational at one
time. ≈ 45 mph.
• Load 5 AM to 11 PM. Two shifts
per day. 340 miles per driver per
day. 6 days per week.
• 3 year research cycle
– 10 million ESALs applied over two
years. (10.36 ESALs per pass)
– Forensics and reconstruction on 3rd
year.
Florida Department of Transportation
NCAT Test Track
• 2000-2003
– Fine vs. Coarse (PG 6722)
• 2003-2006
– Continuation of 2000
cycle
– PG 76-22 vs. PG 76-22
• Validation of SMO HVS
• 2006-2009
– Validation of Energy
Ratio
Florida Department of Transportation
• 2009-2012
– Bonded Friction Course
• 2012-2015
– Thick tack coats
– Polymer vs. Rubber
– High RAP vs. Shingles
Pavement Preservation
• Traditionally FDOT has
focused on milling and
resurfacing
• Higher traffic volume
roadways
• Goal: Get in, get out,
stay out…
Florida Department of Transportation
FDOT LOOKING AT ALTERNATIVES…
Hot-In-Place Recycling
Microsurfacing
Crack Sealing
Fog Seal
Florida Department of Transportation
HOT IN-PLACE RECYCLING
• 12 projects* constructed
to date:
– 11 as “Reworked Asphalt”
– 1 as “Repaved Asphalt”
• Every district except for
Turnpike
• Earliest project* 2001
• Four projects completed
in 2012
* “Modern” Era
Florida Department of Transportation
MICROSURFACING
• First FDOT microsurfacing
project:
– US-319 Leon County
– 2010
• Worked with several
Contractors & Suppliers on
specification
– Based on ISSA requirements
• ISSA Type II mixture
gradation
• Spread rate 20 – 26 lbs/sy
– Single course
• Required crack sealing
Florida Department of Transportation
Crack Sealing
• Five Crack Seal Test Decks
were placed in March 2012
– Leon, Baker, Sumter, DeSoto,
and Miami-Dade Counties
• Several materials and
construction techniques
evaluated
• Performance will be
monitored for three to five
years
Florida Department of Transportation
Fog Sealing Test Sections
• Placed in 2013
• US-27 & US-17 Polk County
• Placed on OGFC
– Attempt to reduce raveling &
top-down cracking
– Age: 4 years old
– Good condition
• Multiple Test Sections
• Multiple Products
Florida Department of Transportation
Pavement Preservation Test Sections
• US-98 Gulf County
– Constructed 2012
• Ten Test Sections:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Control Section
Micro-surfacing (Double course)
1/2” HMA overlays with 4.75 mm mix
3/4” HMA overlays with 4.75 mm mix
1” HMA overlay with 9.5 mm mix
Hot-in-place recycling
Bonded open graded friction course
Mill and resurface 1.0” with 9.5 mm mix
Mill and resurface 1.5” with 12.5 mm
mix
10. Control section
Florida Department of Transportation
Recycling Program
Florida Department of Transportation
RAP Data
Conditions
FY
10/11
FY
11/12
FY
12/13
FY
13/14
Average
25%
26%
25%
25%
Maximum
40%
38%
39%
41%
Average
17%
18%
16%
15%
Maximum
20%
20%
20%
20%
Unrestricted
(No Maximum Limit)
Restricted (Maximum
20%)
Florida Department of Transportation
RAS
•
•
•
•
Florida Department of Transportation
National Hot Topic
FDOT pilot projects
0.85 Binder Availability
Issues with the
unknown
NCAT: HIGH RAP VERSUS RAP/RAS
PG 76-22 (PMA)
with
25% RAP
PG 76-22 (PMA)
with
20% RAP & 5% RAS
Florida Department of Transportation
Pavement Segregation
• January 2012
specification
• Texture Meter
• Pave-IR System
Florida Department of Transportation
Pave-IR Demo
• Oct. 2013 / Turnpike, Palm Beach
• Equipment: MOBA Pave-IR
• To detect Thermal Segregation
Florida Department of Transportation
Bonded Friction Course
Conventional
Trackless
UltraFuse
eTac
Florida Department of Transportation
Other Research
• New Flow Number (FN)
Test: iRLPD
• Hydrated Lime Study
• Binder Rejuvenators
• Optimization of FC-5
characteristics
• Volumetric refinement
• Field test method to detect
Polymer and/or GTR
• Alternative technique(s) to
mitigate reflective cracking
• Performance Specification for
Tack – Bond Strength
• RAP with Dense-graded FC
• FC-5 image analysis for
• Evaluation of FL mixes for
determination of optimum
crack resistance using Overlay
binder content
Tester
• Understanding mechanisms
of OGFC raveling
Florida Department of Transportation
QUESTIONS/ COMMENTS?
THANK YOU!
Florida Department of Transportation