Homework discussion
HOMEWORK 1
Odd or pos
Public static int oddOrPos(int[] x){
Int count = 0;
For(int i=0;i<x.length;i++)
{
if(x[i]%2==1 || x[i] >0)
{
count++;
}
}
Return count;
}
//test : x=[-3,-2,0,1,4]
//expected = 3
(a) Identify the faul
• The if-test needs to take account of negative values (positive odd
numbers are taken care of by the second test):
• if (x[i]%2 == -1 || x[i] > 0)
(b) If possible, identify a test case that does not execute the fault
• x must be either null or empty. All other inputs result in the fault
being executed. We give the empty case here.
• Input: x = []
• Expected Output: 0
• Actual Output: 0
(c) If possible, identify a test case that executes the fault, but does not
result in an error state.
• Any nonempty x with non-negative elements and negative even
integers works.
• Input: x = [1, 2, 3]
• Expected Output: 3
• Actual Output: 3
(d) If possible identify a test case that results in an error, but not a failure.
Hint: Don't forget about the program counter
• For this particular program, every input that results in error also results in
failure. The reason is that error states are not repairable by subsequent
processing. If there is a negative value in x, all subsequent states (after
processing the negative value) will be error states no matter what else is in
x.
(e) For the given test case, identify the first error state. Be sure to describe
the complete state.
• Input: x = [-3, -2, 0, 1, 4]
• Expected Output: 3
• Actual Output: 2
• First Error State:
• x = [-3, -2, 0, 1, 4]
• i = 0;
• count = 0;
• PC = at end of if statement, instead of just before count++
HOMEWORK 3
Step 1:
a
b
1
Step 2:
a
b
c
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
3
3
1
3
3
4
1
4
4
1
4
4
2
1
2
1
5
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
6
2
2
1
2
3
2
3
2
3
7
2
3
4
2
4
2
4
2
4
8
2
4
3
3
1
3
1
3
1
9
3
1
3
3
2
3
2
3
2
10 3
2
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
11 3
3
1
3
4
3
4
3
4
12 3
4
2
4
1
4
1
4
1
13 4
1
4
4
2
4
2
4
2
14 4
2
3
4
3
4
3
4
3
15 4
3
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
16 4
4
1
a
c
b
c
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
3
1
3
1
4
1
2
1
2
HOMEWORK 4
Section 2.2.1
Homework 4
a) N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
N0 = {1} Nf = {7}
E = {(1, 2), (1, 7), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 2), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 6), (6, 1)}
6
1
7
2
3
4
5
b) test requirements for edge-pair
coverage
6
1
7
2
3
4
5
{[(1,2),(2,3)], [(1,2),(2,4)], [(2,4),(4,5)],[(2,4),(4,6)],
[(4,5),(5,6)], [(4,6),(6,1)], [(5,6),(6,1)], [(6,1),(1,7)],
[(2,3),(3,2)], [(3,2),(2,3)], [(3,2),(2,4)], [(6,1),(1,2)]}
(c) Does the given set of test paths
satisfy edge-pair coverage?
• t0 = [1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 1, 7]
t1 = [1, 2, 3, 2, 4, 6, 1, 7]
No tour for the following edge pair:
[(6,1),(1,2)] and [(3,2),(2,3)].
6
1
7
2
3
4
5
(d) Consider the simple path [3, 2, 4, 5, 6] and test
path [1, 2, 3, 2, 4, 6, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 1, 7]. Does the
test path tour the simple path directly? With a
sidetrip? If so, identify the sidetrip.
6
1
7
2
3
4
5
• No, the test path does not tour the simple path
directly. The test path does tour the simple path
with a sidetrip. The sidetrip is [4,6,1,2,4].
e) node coverage, edge coverage, and prime path coverage
Node Coverage
Edge Coverage
L0 L 1
L2
{1} {1,2} {1,2,3}!
{2} {1,7}! {1,2,4}
{3} {2,3} {2,3,2}*
{4} {2,4} {2,4,5}
{5} {3,2} {2,4,6}
{6} {4,5} {3,2,3}*
{7} {4,6} {3,2,4}
{5,6} {4,5,6}
{6,1} {4,6,1}
{5,6,1}
{6,1,7}!
{6,1,2}
L3
{1,2,4,5}
{1,2,4,6}
{2,4,5,6}
{2,4,6,1}
{3,2,4,5}
{3,2,4,6}
{4,5,6,1}
{4,6,1,2}
{4,6,1,7}!
{5,6,1,2}
{5,6,1,7}!
{6,1,2,3}!
{6,1,2,4}
Length 4
{1,2,4,5,6}
{1,2,4,6,1}*
{2,4,5,6,1}
{2,4,6,1,2}*
{2,4,6,1,7}!
{3,2,4,5,6}
{3,2,4,6,1}
{4,5,6,1,2}
{4,5,6,1,7}!
{4,6,1,2,4}*
{4,6,1,2,3}!
{5,6,1,2,3}!
{5,6,1,2,4}
{6,1,2,4,5}
{6,1,2,4,6}*
Length 5
Length 6
{1,2,4,5,6,1}* {3,2,4,5,6,1,7}!
{2,4,5,6,1,7}!
{2,4,5,6,1,2}*
{3,2,4,5,6,1}
{3,2,4,6,1,7}!
{4,5,6,1,2,3}!
{4,5,6,1,2,4}*
{5,6,1,2,4,5}*
{6,1,2,4,5,6}*
PPC
{3,2,4,5,6,1,7}
{1,2,4,5,6,1}
{2,4,5,6,1,2}
{3,2,4,6,1,7}
{4,5,6,1,2,4}
{4,5,6,1,2,3}
{5,6,1,2,4,5}
{6,1,2,4,5,6}
{1,2,4,6,1}
{2,4,6,1,2}
{4,6,1,2,4}
{4,6,1,2,3}
{6,1,2,4,6}
{2,3,2}
{3,2,3}
f) List test paths that achieve node
coverage but not edge coverage
{1,2,3,2,4,5,6,1,7} doesn’t cover {4,6}
g) List test paths that achieve edge
coverage but not prime path coverage
• {1,2,3,2,4,5,6,1,7}
• {1,2,4,6,1,7}
 Some of the students put these as a test path
but the test path in this example should start
from node 1 and end with 7. This is not a test
• {3,2,4,5,6,1,7}
{1,2,3}
{4,6}
HOMEWORK 5
Section 2.2.3, Problem 1
(Graph III)
• (a, b) List all of the du-paths with respect to x
Du path
D1
[1, 2, 3]
D2
[1, 2, 3, 5]
D3
[1, 2, 6]
D4
[4, 5]
D5
[4, 5, 2, 3]
D6
[4, 5, 2, 6]
(c)For each test path, determine which
du-paths that test path tours
• . Consider both direct touring and sidetrips. Hint: use a table
• t1=[1,2,3,5,2,6], t2=[1,2,3,4,5,2,6]
Du path
direct
Sidetrip
D3
D1
[1, 2, 3]
t1
D1, D2
D2
[1, 2, 3, 5]
t2
D1, D4, D6
D3
[1, 2, 6]
D4
[4, 5]
D5
[4, 5, 2, 3]
D6
[4, 5, 2, 6]
(d) List a minimal test set that satisfies all-defs
coverage with respect to x.
• Test set t2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 2, 6]
(e) List a minimal test set that satisfies all-uses
coverage with respect to x
• All 6 du-path must be toured, but given tests
doesn’t have a path to directly tour either of D3
or D5. we need two additional tests:
• {t1,t2, [1,2,6],[1, 2, 3,4,5,2,3, 5, 2, 6]}
(f) List a minimal test set that satisfies all-du-paths
coverage with respect to x
• Since there is just one du-path for each du-pair all
du-path coverage is the same as all-uses