Incorporation of full body digital X-ray images (Lodox®
Statscan®) of cadavers to a medical dissection program:
preliminary outcomes
S H KOTZÉ, C MOLE, LM GREYLING,
M HANEKOM
Anatomy and Histology,
Department of Biomedical Sciences,
Faculty of Health Sciences,
Tygerberg Campus,
Stellenbosch University.
Introduction
• Integrated systems based
curriculum
• Student often neglect surface
anatomy
• Include imaging in dissection
program
Incorporating imaging into
anatomy education
• Clinical X-rays: Not a
new idea
• X- rays of cadavers
(McNeish et al, 1983,
Pantoja et al, 1985)
• CT scans of cadavers
(Chew et al, 2006 and
Lufler et al, 2010)
• Sonography (Heilo et al
1997)
Lodox® Statscan®
• Developed for De Beer’s
• Ten years ago it was
introduced as a screening
device for the
examination of trauma
patients
Lodox®
• Once off full body Xray
• Takes only 13
seconds
• High quality digital
images
• Low X-ray dosage
Aims
To see if the incorporation of Lodox
images of the cadavers dissected by
students:
• stimulates student interest in surface
anatomy
• help with learning of surface anatomy
Material and
Methods
• Cadavers (n= 40) used
for the 2nd and 3rd year
MBChB at Tygerberg
Hospital mortuary
• Images were printed on
laminated posers:
around 66% of full size
• Each dissection group
presented with a poster
of their actual cadaver
LODOX TOPOGRAPHICAL OR SURFACE ANATOMY:
STRUCTURES TO BE VISUALIZED
on the LODOX images, skeletons and palpated on your and colleagues’ body
1. Sternum:
1.1 Supra-sternal notch
1.2 Manubruim
1.3 Sternal body
1.4 Xiphoid
1.5 Manubriosternal junction (Angle of Louis) ---- 2nd rib cartilage
2. Ribs:
2.1 First rib (can you palpate it in a live person)?
2.2 2nd rib (how can you easily identify the 2nd rib)
2.3 Ribs 3-9 (typical ribs) Ribs 10-12 (atypical ribs including floating ribs)
2.4 Costal margin
3. Count the thoracic vertebrae on your colleagues’ body
STRUCTURES TO BE DRAWN:
1. Position of the heart
2. Position of the heart valves
3. Position of auscultation points of heart valves
4. Position of aortic arch and aorta
4. Trachea and tracheal bifurcation
5. Dome of the diaphragm (anterior and posterior view)
Results and Discussion:
Use of Lodox ® images in dissection hall
Respiratory system
• List of organs and
structures marked
• Blue = anatomy as seen
in the text books
• Red = actual positions
seen in cadaver and
LODOX®
• Anterior and posterior
views
• Accuracy was marked
Heart and heart valves
Practical “spot” test
•
•
•
•
•
•
At least 10% of surface anatomy was included in each the spot test
Ave 60% for Respiratory system
Ave 66% for Cardiovascular system
Ave 54% Gastrointestinal system
Ave 83% Urogenital system
Ave 75% Musculoskeletal system
Conclusion and future
• Preliminary results show that students
do benefit from this “hands-on, lookand-do” approach
• Student questionnaires will highlight
student perceptions of inclusion of
cadaver Lodox® images
Thanks to
• Fund for Innovation and Research into
Learning and Teaching (FIRLT)
(Stellenbosch University) for financial
support
• Dr Lené Burger for help with the
LODOX images