The
Neck
Xiaoming Zhang
Department of Human Anatomy
School of Medicine
Zhejiang University
I Introduction
II Boundaries and Division
 Neck : by trapezius
The posterior portion: nape
The anterior portion: the side of the neck
 The anterior portion : by Sternocleidomastoid
anterior region
posterior region
sternocleidomastoid region
Superficial Part Of Neck
I Skin
II Superficial fascia and platysma
III Superficial structures
1. Anterior jugular vein
External jugular vein
2. Superficial lateral cervical lymph nodes
3. The cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus:
The surface Landmarks:
hyoid bone
thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
jugular notch
sternocleidomastoid
greater supraclavicular fossa
clavicle
Deep Part Of Neck
I Fascia
Three layers:
 Superficial layer－enveloping fascia
 Middle layer － pretracheal fascia(visceral
fascia)
 Deep layer－prevertebral fascia
The submandibular triangle
The boundaries:
---the inferior border of the mandible
---the anterior, posterior bellies of the digastric
---superficially：
the skin;
superficial fascia;
platysma ;
superficial layer of
the cervical fascia;
---deeply：
mylohyoid
hyoglossus
middle constrictor of the pharynx
The submandibular triangle
The contents:
---submandibular gland and its duct
---submandibular lymph nodes
---facial artery and vein
---hypoglossal nerve
---lingual artery and vein
---lingual nerve
Carotid Triangle
Boundaries
Contents
1 Internal jugular V.
2 The common carotid A.
External carotid artery :
Superior thyroid A.
Lingual A.
Facial A.
Occipital A.
Posterior auricular A.
3 Hypoglossal N.
4 Vagus N.
—superior laryngeal N.
internal laryngeal N.
external laryngeal N.
III The Muscular Triangle
Layers
1.The skin
2.The superficial fascia and platysma
3.The superficial structure
－Anterior jugular vein
－Transverse cervical nerve
4.Enveloping fascia
5.The infrahyoid muscles:
III The Muscular Triangle
6 Pretracheal fascia
7 The thyroid gland
8 The Parathyroid
glands
9 The cervical part
of trachea and
esophagus
IV The sternocleidomastoid region
1 The ansa cervicalis
2 The contents of carotid sheath
common carotid artery
internal jugular V.
vagus N.
3 The cervical plexus:
five cutaneous branches, phrenic N.
4 The sympathetic trunk of the neck
Ansa
cervicalis
The thyroid gland:
• The shape: “H” shaped, right and left lobes, isthmus.
somebody have a pyramidal lobe.
• Location :
--- lateral lobes:
--- isthmus：
The thyroid gland:
• Relations:
----Anteriorly:
skin
superficial fascia
enveloping fascia
infrahyoid muscles
pretracheal fascia
----Posteromedially :
larynx and trachea
pharynx and esophagus
recurrent laryngeal nerve
----Posteriorly:
parathyroid gland
Sympathetic trunk
----Posterolaterally: carotid sheath and its contents
The thyroid gland:
•The coverings:
----The false capsule
suspensory ligament of thyroid gland
----The true capsule （真被囊）
The thyroid gland:
• The blood vessels and nerves
---- A:
1. superior thyroid artery and superior laryngeal nerve
2. inferior thyroid artery & recurrent laryngeal nerve
3. lowest thyroid artery (the arteria thyroidea ima)
The thyroid gland:
• The blood vessels and nerves:
---- V:
1. superior thyroid vein
2. middle thyroid vein
3. inferior thyroid vein
and the unpaired thyroid
venous plexus.
------N
recurrent laryngeal nerve
superior laryngeal nerve
Summary
 The Boundaries and Division of the
neck.
 The superficial structures of neck
 The deep part of neck
 The carotid triangle.
 The muscular triangle.
 The sternocleidomastoid region.