What’s on the horizon? Peter Sandercock ESC Lisbon 23rd May 2012 Outline • What are the key questions now? • What RANDOMISED trials are addressing them? • When will we see the results? • Focus on larger phase III trials Key questions • Clinical patient selection? • Advanced imaging selection? • Any other IV drug clearly better than rt-PA? • Do lower dose IV treatments have a better risk/benefit ratio? • Is IA drug +/- clot pulling really better than IV? Simple clinical selection criteria • • • • • • • • Time from onset Age Clinical severity NIHSS, SSS, OCSP Pre-treatment brain scan BP Glucose Background anti-platelet/anticoagulant Etc… Must combine baseline characteristics • Patients who present early have higher NIHSS • Patients presenting later are more likely to show ischaemic change on CT or MR IST-3 update. Trials 2012 Stroke Thrombolysis Trialists Collaboration (STTC) • Individual patient data meta-analysis of all i.v. rt-PA RCT’s, update of 2010 pooled analysis • Protocol and analysis plan in final draft • Meeting of Steering Group 24th May 2012 • Plan to meet mid 2013 to review preliminary analyses STTC analyses - draft plan Primary analyses • after what treatment delay is benefit lost or does harm begin, • do age or stroke severity modify the proportional effect of rt-PA on stroke outcome? Secondary • Effect of treatment allocation on: death within 90 days, SICH, Symptomatic ischaemic brain oedema • Effect modification by baseline characteristics Ongoing Phase 3 trials iv thrombolysis vs control rt-PA • TESPI (> 80 years < 3hrs) 162/600 • *EXTEND, MR mismatch criteria 3 – 9h • *ECASS 4, MR mismatch criteria 3 – 9h Desmoteplase • *DIAS 4. Vessel occlusion / stenosis on MRI or CTA 3-9 hrs *advanced imaging selection ENCHANTED: questions Compared to standard (0.9 mg/kg) rtPA, is low-dose (0.6 mg/kg) i.v. rtPA: – at least equivalent in clinical outcomes? – safer in terms of a lower risk of symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage (sICH)? Compared to guideline BP control, does intensive BP control* – provide superior clinical outcomes – have a lower risk of sICH? *(<180-185 mmHg systolic target before initiation of rtPA), vs rapid intensive BP lowering (140-150 mmHg systolic target): • Primary outcome mRS at 90 days • Sample size ~5000 • 100+ sites, with emphasis on Asia ? China 20 centres ? ? Europe (UK, France,, Belgium, Germany, Austria, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Norway, Sweden, Finland Korea 10-15 centres ~30 centres Taiwan 10-15 centres India 15 centres SE Asia (Vietnam, South America (Chile, Brazil, Colombia, Peru) Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore) 10-15 centres ? ~20 centres Australia 14 centres IA/interventional • IMS-III • SYNTHESIS • EXTEND-IA • MR RESCUE • PISTE IMS-3 Design • Randomised trial of combined IV/IA approach vs standard IV t-PA • 900 subjects < 3hrs • NIHSS >/= 10, or NIHSS 8-9 with CTA evidence of ICA, M1 or basilar occlusion prior to initiation of IV rtPA • IA therapy includes choice of catheter/devices and IA t-PA Recruitment and Active Sites N = 631 (22/02/12) Update • stopped by the NINDS because of crossing a futility boundary at a predetermined DSMB review that included 587 patients. • the study had a very low likelihood of demonstrating the pre-specified, clinically significant difference in benefit between the treatment arms of the study. • The DSMB’s decision was based upon the primary outcome in the study, the Modified Rankin Score at 3 months, meeting the threshold for futility. • While enrollment was stopped because of futility, no serious safety concerns were identified Synthesis Investigators SYNTHESIS (n=362) Acute stroke Medical history-Physical Examination-NIHSS score Laboratory-ECG CT scan Verify neuroradiologist's availability Informed consent Randomization(0-4.5 h) Angio & IA rt-PA&devices IV rt-PA <6h < 4.5 h CT scan on day 4 (± 2) Monitoring for 7 days-Adverse events 90 days blind efficacy evaluation-Telephone modified Rankin scale When? • STTC analyses – 2013/2014 • SYNTHESIS and IMS – III – 2013 • The rest – it’s up to you to support these trials! Acknowledgements: thanks to Jo Broderick, Alfonso Ciccone and Craig Anderson for slides