Your Amazing Brain:
The Inside Tour
Did You Know…?
 Your brain contains 100 billion neurons and 60 trillion
synapses (cortex)
Did You Know…?
 Your brain contains 100 billion neurons and 60 trillion
synapses (cortex)
 The average adult brain weighs about 1.4 kg (3 lbs)
Did You Know…?
 Your brain contains 100 billion neurons and 60 trillion
synapses (cortex)
 The average adult brain weighs about 1.4 kg (3 lbs)
 Your brain makes up about 2% of body weight yet takes
20% of the body’s blood supply
Did You Know…?
 Your brain contains 100 billion neurons and 60 trillion
synapses (cortex)
 The average adult brain weighs about 1.4 kg (3 lbs)
 Your brain makes up about 2% of body weight yet takes
20% of the body’s blood supply
 Brain does not fully mature until age 25-30 years
The Key Players:
Frontal Lobe:
reasoning, judgment,
higher order thinking
(NOT fully developed until
25-30 yrs)
Temporal Lobe:
hearing, speech
Parietal Lobe: pain,
pressure, touch, speech
Occipital Lobe: vision
The Major Parts:
thalamus
meninges (3 layers)
corpus collosum
skull
hypothalamus
pons
cerebellum
cerebrum
pituitary
gland
medulla
oblongata
spinal cord
What the Parts Do:
Parts
Functions
Cerebrum
(cortex)
Voluntary activities, motor control, speech, vision,
thinking, pain
Corpus Collosum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pituitary Gland
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
What the Parts Do:
Parts
Functions
Cerebrum
(cortex)
Voluntary activities, motor control, speech, vision,
thinking, pain
Corpus Callosum
Connects right and left hemispheres of cortex
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pituitary Gland
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
What the Parts Do:
Parts
Functions
Cerebrum
(cortex)
Voluntary activities, motor control, speech, vision,
thinking, pain
Corpus Callosum
Connects right and left hemispheres of cortex
Thalamus
Sends information to cortex about sensation,
spatial awareness, sleep-wake cycles and
consciousness
Hypothalamus
Pituitary Gland
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
What the Parts Do:
Parts
Functions
Cerebrum
(cortex)
Voluntary activities, motor control, speech, vision,
thinking, pain
Corpus Callosum
Connects right and left hemispheres of cortex
Thalamus
Sends information to cortex about sensation,
spatial awareness, sleep-wake cycles and
consciousness
Hypothalamus
Controls pituitary gland, controls body
temperature, thirst, hunger
Pituitary Gland
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
What the Parts Do:
Parts
Functions
Cerebrum
(cortex)
Voluntary activities, motor control, speech, vision,
thinking, pain
Corpus Callosum
Connects right and left hemispheres of cortex
Thalamus
Sends information to cortex about sensation,
spatial awareness, sleep-wake cycles and
consciousness
Hypothalamus
Controls pituitary gland, controls body
temperature, thirst, hunger
Pituitary Gland
Secretes hormones that control the entire body
A.K.A: The Master Gland
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
What the Parts Do:
Parts
Functions
Cerebrum
(cortex)
Voluntary activities, motor control, speech, vision,
thinking, pain
Corpus Callosum
Connects right and left hemispheres of cortex
Thalamus
Sends information to cortex about sensation,
spatial awareness, sleep-wake cycles and
consciousness
Hypothalamus
Controls pituitary gland, controls body
temperature, thirst, hunger
Pituitary Gland
Secretes hormones that control the entire body
A.K.A: The Master Gland
Pons
Communicates between cortex and cerebellum,
contains many cranial nerves that control face
Medulla Oblongata
What the Parts Do:
Parts
Functions
Cerebrum
(cortex)
Voluntary activities, motor control, speech, vision,
thinking, pain
Corpus Callosum
Connects right and left hemispheres of cortex
Thalamus
Sends information to cortex about sensation,
spatial awareness, sleep-wake cycles and
consciousness
Hypothalamus
Controls pituitary gland, controls body
temperature, thirst, hunger
Pituitary Gland
Secretes hormones that control the entire body
A.K.A: The Master Gland
Pons
Communicates between cortex and cerebellum,
contains many cranial nerves that control face
Medulla Oblongata
Controls functions vital to life such as breathing
and heartbeat
The Inside View:
What the Parts Do Continued:
Parts
Functions
Cerebellum
Balance and movement co-ordination
Meninges
Skull (cranium)
Cranial nerves
What the Parts Do Continued:
Parts
Functions
Cerebellum
Balance and movement co-ordination
Meninges
Protection of the brain
3 layers (dura, arachnoid, pia)
Cerebrospinal fluid in between dura and
arachnoid)
Skull (cranium)
Cranial nerves
What the Parts Do Continued:
Parts
Functions
Cerebellum
Balance and movement co-ordination
Meninges
Protection of the brain
3 layers (dura, arachnoid, pia)
Cerebrospinal fluid in between dura and
arachnoid)
Skull (cranium)
Protection and support of brain
Cranial nerves
What the Parts Do Continued:
Parts
Functions
Cerebellum
Balance and movement co-ordination
Meninges
Protection of the brain
3 layers (dura, arachnoid, pia)
Cerebrospinal fluid in between dura and
arachnoid)
Skull (cranium)
Protection and support of brain
Cranial nerves
Bundles of nerves that exit from base of brain
12 cranial nerves
Control of facial muscles, tongue, hearing, vision,
smell
Vagus nerve controls viscera (some internal organs)
The View from Below:
Optic chiasma
The Brain’s Blood Supply:
When Things Go Wrong:
Stroke
Concussion
Depression
When Things Go Wrong:
Stroke
• Cause: blood clot (embolus) or ruptured
blood vessel (aneurysm)
• Symptoms: weakness, trouble speaking,
paralysis, severe headache, vision problems
• Treatment: TPA to bust clot (must be within
3 hrs), surgery if aneurysm, therapy to
minimize deficits
• Prevention: control high blood pressure,
healthy lifestyle
When Things Go Wrong:
Concussion
• Brain makes contact with the
cranium (skull)
When Things Go Wrong:
Concussion
•Brain makes contact with
the cranium (skull)
•Injury not visible on
MRI/CT
When Things Go Wrong:
Concussion
• Brain makes contact with the
cranium (skull)
• Injury not visible on MRI/CT
• Causes: blow to head, sudden
deceleration
When Things Go Wrong:
Concussion
• Brain makes contact with the cranium
(skull)
• Injury not visible on MRI/CT
• Causes: blow to head, sudden
deceleration
• Symptoms: headache, confusion,
dizziness, vision trouble, vomiting,
slurred speech, loss of consciousness
When Things Go Wrong:
Concussion
• Brain makes contact with the cranium
(skull)
• Injury not visible on MRI/CT
• Causes: blow to head, sudden
deceleration
• Symptoms: headache, confusion,
dizziness, vision trouble, vomiting,
slurred speech, loss of consciousness
When Things Go Wrong:
Concussion Continued:
• Treatment: Need to see a doctor ASAP,
then rest, gradual return to activity
(only if symptom free!) on Dr.’s advice
• Prevention: Wear proper “brain
bucket” for activity (A.K.A-helmet),
proper training
When Things Go Wrong:
Depression
•Persistent feelings of
sadness, worthlessness,
helplessness, self-blame
When Things Go Wrong:
Depression
• Persistent feelings of sadness,
worthlessness, helplessness, selfblame
• Causes: complex, biochemical
imbalance, may occur after
stress or loss
When Things Go Wrong:
Depression
• Persistent feelings of sadness,
worthlessness, helplessness, self-blame
• Causes: complex, biochemical
imbalance, may occur after stress or
loss
• Symptoms: behaviour changes, physical
complaints, eating more or less, sleep
disturbances, thoughts of suicide
When Things Go Wrong:
Depression Continued:
• Treatment: counseling, exercise, antidepressants
• Under diagnosed
• Perceived stigma in society still exists
The End!