Finals
• Animals
– Parts
– Naming terms
•
•
•
•
Behavior / Restraint
Medical Terminology
Veterinarian and Vet Tech
Basic Anatomy
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Skeletal
Digestive
Muscular
Respiratory
Nervous
PATHOLOGICAL
CONDITIONS
SKELETAL, MUSCULAR, DIGESTIVE, RESPIRATORY
AND NERVOUS
SKELETAL SYSTEM
BONE PROBLEMS –
PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
• Hip dysplasia
• Invertebral disc disease
• Herniated disc
• Ruptured disc
• IVDD
• Osteochondrosis dissecans
• OCD
• Osteoarthritis
Degenerative Joint Disease / DJD
• Spondylosis
• Luxation and Subluxation (complete vs partial)
IVD – INVERTEBRAL DISC DISEASE
• Can happen
suddenly or
slowly
• Can cause
paralysis
• CT junction
• TL junction
• Breed propensity
• Treatment
SPONDYLOSIS
OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS - OCD
LUXATING PATELLA
HIP DYSPLASIA
Normal hip joint
Hip Joint = Coxofemoral joint
Subluxation = femoral head slips in and
out of acetabulum
FHO –FEMORAL HEAD OSTECTOMY
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR THE
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
• Ataxia-lack of voluntary control of
muscle movement
• Atonic-lacking muscle control
• Dystrophy-defective growth
• Fibroma-tumor composed of fibrous
connective tissue
• Hernia- protrusion of an organ or
fascia through the wall of the cavity
that normally contains it
• Laxity-looseness
• Myopathy-abnormal condition of
disease of muscle
• Tetany – muscle spasms or twitching
Ataxia-lack of
voluntary control
of muscle
movement
“wobbliness”
Tetanymuscle
spasms or
twitiching
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
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Borborgymus
Trichobezoar
Cribbing
Colic
Gastric Dilation Volvulus (GDV)
Cleft palate
LDA
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar
Learning
BORBORGYMUS
• Bowel sounds, “stomach” rumble, peristalic
• Rumble, gurgle, growl
• produced by movement of the contents of the gastrointestinal tract as they are propelled through the small
intestine muscle contractions (peristalisis)
• can be loud enough to be heard with bare ears or may need
a stethoscope to hear
• fluid and gas moves forward in the intestines (in the vicinity of
but not actually within the stomach).
• The lack of bowel sounds is indicative of ileus, intestinal
obstruction, or some other serious pathology.
• Also associated with hunger
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar
Learning
TRICHOBEZOAR
• Mass of hair
• Formed in the gastrointestinal system
• “hairball”
• Can cause obstruction and
have to be surgically
removed
MEGAESOPHAGUS
•
•
•
•
•
•
Food stays in the esophagus
Esophagus stays enlarged
Lack of peristalis
Food never enters stomach
Food is regurgitated
Food may be aspirated
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar
Learning
CLEFT PALATE
• Abnormal opening
between nasal passages
and mouth
• Interferes with eating
• Respiratory difficulty
(aspiration pneumonia)
CRIBBING
• “windsucking”
• Also affects neck and back muscles
due to the posture that is assumed
when crbbing
• Boredom, endorphine release,
possible ulcers
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar
Learning
COLIC
• Abdominal pain
• Different causes
• Obstruction
• Impaction
• Inflammation
• Colitis, enteritis, peritonitis
• Twisted / ”strangulation”
• Volvulus, torsion, intussusception
• Parasites
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar
Learning
GDV
• Gastric Dilatation Volvulus
• Stomach fills with air, twists on it’s axis
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VG4fYmcNCd
M
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0JJnShl638I
(good real life video!)
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar
Learning
DISPLACED ABOMASUM
• Left Displaced Abomasum
• Right Displaced Abomasum
• More room for complications (torsion)
LDA
• LDA
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zLAj_rcqpPM
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar
Learning
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
Epistaxis
• Nosebleed
• Icepack on nose to constrict blood vessels
• Causes
While there are many causes of epistaxis in dogs, the most
common causes are trauma and infection.
•Rodenticide or rat poisoning
•Von Willebrand's disease (vWD)
•Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
•Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia
•Ehrlichiosis - tick-borne disease
•Rocky Mountain spotted fever - tick-borne disease
•Hemangiosarcoma
•Other cancers, especially of the nasal passages and
skull
•Fungal diseases (Aspergillis)
•Horses: Exercise Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage
TRACHEAL FOREIGN BODY
COLLAPSED TRACHEA
THORACENTESIS
• Hemothorax – blood
• Pyothorax – pus
• Pneumothorax - air
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3Rxult05Cg
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZK5dC6KxLKc
INFLAMMATION OF
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Rhinitis
Laryngitis
Pharyngitis
Bronchitis
Tracheitis
Tracheobronchitis
• Kennel Cough
FLUID OR INFLAMMATION
• Pulmonary edema
• fluid accumulation in the air spaces and parenchyma
of the lungs. It leads to impaired gas exchange and
may cause respiratory failure.
• Pneumonia
• an inflammatory condition
of the lung affecting primarily
the alveoli.
• Snuffles
• Pasteurella
DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA
NERVOUS SYSTEM
PATHOLOGY
• Ataxia:
• Damage, degeneration or
loss of
nerve cells in the part of your
brain
that controls muscle
coordination
(cerebellum), results in ataxia
• Without coordination
• Stumbling
• CP Deficit
• Conscious Proprioceptive
Deficit
• Neurological defect in
which the animal appears
not to know where its limbs are
“knuckling”
https://www.youtub
e.com/watch?v=JM
-Wds_L7vI
https://www.youtub
e.com/watch?v=06
KO0q2ZZ5A
HORNER’S
SYNDROME
Horner's
Syndrome is a common
Drooping eyelid
•
• Affected eye constricts
• Affected eye appears
sunken
• The third eyelidmay
appear red
• With cats
• Blunt force trauma
• Tumor
neurological disorder of the eye and
facial muscles, caused by dysfunction
of the sympathetic nervous system.
VESTIBULAR DISEASE
The vestibular system is
responsible for
maintaining normal
balance. The vestibular
system has central
components located in
the brain, and peripheral
components located in
the inner and middle ear.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=zcX0-UWig1s
PARAPLEGIA
• Paralysis of the
hindlimbs
• Para (nervous
system)
means hind or
lower
portion
POLIOENCEPHALOMALACIA
• PEM
• Abnormal softening
of
the gray matter of the
brain
EQUINE LARYNGEAL HEMIPLEGIA
• Called roaring
• Noisy respiration/
narrowed
larynx
Nerve fiber
degeneration of a
laryngeal nerve
PTOSIS OR -PTOSIS
• Prolapse or
drooping
• Falling downward
• Upper eyelid