Chapter 5 Opener A Jurassic scene
Figure 5.1 The approximate timing of some of the events in the early history of Earth and life
Figure 5.2 The sequence and structure of the catalytic RNA, a ligase
Table 5.1 Six major transitions in the history of evolution leading to higher-level formation, or
groups
Figure 5.3 (A) Stromatolites formed by living cyanobacteria in Shark Bay, Australia. (B) A 3 billionyear-old stromatolite from Western Australia has the same structure as modern stromatolites
Figure 5.4 Some major branches of the tree of life
Figure 5.5 A comprehensive tree of life
Figure 5.6 Some Proterozoic fossils
Figure 5.7 A phylogeny of major eukaryotic lineages
Figure 5.8 Members of the Ediacaran fauna
Figure 5.9 Two animal groups that first appeared during the Cambrian explosion
Figure 5.10 Cambrian vertebrates
Figure 5.11 (A) A choanoflagellate. (B) A sponge, with a close-up showing choanocytes
Figure 5.12 An estimate of relationships among some animal phyla, based on the sequences of
multiple genes
Figure 5.13 Ammonoids and nautiloids
Figure 5.14 Extinct Paleozoic classes of vertebrates
Figure 5.14 Extinct Paleozoic classes of vertebrates
Figure 5.15 The phylogeny and Paleozoic fossil record of major groups of terrestrial plants and
their closest relatives among the green algae (Chlorophyta)
Figure 5.16 Paleozoic vascular plants, portrayed at different scales
Figure 5.16 Paleozoic vascular plants, portrayed at different scales
Figure 5.17 The distribution of land masses at several points in geological time
Figure 5.18 Features of marine predators and prey that escalated during and after the “Mesozoic
marine revolution”
Figure 5.19 Seed plants
Figure 5.20 Some fossil insects
Figure 5.21 Phylogenetic relationships and temporal duration (thick bars) of major groups of
amniote vertebrates
Figure 5.22 Some Mesozoic reptiles
Figure 5.22 Some Mesozoic reptiles
Figure 5.23 The great diversity of dinosaurs
Figure 5.24 Multituberculate mammals resembled rodents, but had blade-shaped premolar teeth
Figure 5.24 Multituberculate mammals resembled rodents, but had blade-shaped premolar teeth
(Part 1)
Figure 5.24 Multituberculate mammals resembled rodents, but had blade-shaped premolar teeth
(Part 2)
Figure 5.25 A phylogeny of living groups of mammals, based on DNA sequence data
Figure 5.26 The giant ground sloth Megatherium was a Pleistocene representative of the Xenarthra
Figure 5.27 Proboscidea, the order of elephants, has only two living genera, but was once very
diverse
Figure 5.28 Pleistocene glaciers lowered sea level by at least 100 meters, so that many terrestrial
regions that are now separated by oceanic barriers were connected
Figure 5.28 Pleistocene glaciers lowered sea level by at least 100 meters, so that many terrestrial
regions that are now separated by oceanic barriers were connected
Figure 5.28 Pleistocene glaciers lowered sea level by at least 100 meters, so that many terrestrial
regions that are now separated by oceanic barriers were connected (Part 1)
Figure 5.28 Pleistocene glaciers lowered sea level by at least 100 meters, so that many terrestrial
regions that are now separated by oceanic barriers were connected (Part 2)
Figure 5.29 Different rates of northward spread of four North American tree species from refugia
after the most recent glacial episode
Figure 5.29 Different rates of northward spread of four North American tree species from refugia
after the most recent glacial episode
Figure 5.30 A comparison of the current possible mass extinction with the five major mass
extinctions of the past
Figure 5.30 A comparison of the current possible mass extinction with the five major mass
extinctions of the past