Earthworm dissection
Lumbricus terrestris
Phylum -Annelida
Class - Oligochaeta
Family -Lumbricidae
Genus -Lumbricus
Species - terrestris
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Seminal Receptacles
Seminal Vesicles
Circulatory system
• The pumping organs of the circulatory
system are five aortic arches.
• Circulatory fluids travel from the arches
through the ventral blood vessel to
capillary beds in the body. The fluids then
collect in the dorsal blood vessel and
reenter the aortic arches.
Dorsal Blood Vessel
Digestive system
• The earthworm takes in a mixture of soil
and organic matter through its mouth,
which is the beginning of the digestive
tract. The mixture enters the pharynx,
which is located in segments 1–6.
pharynx
• The esophagus, in segments 6–13, acts
as a passageway between the pharynx
and the crop. The crop stores food
temporarily.
Crop
• The mixture that the earthworm ingests is
ground up in the gizzard. In the intestine,
which extends over two-thirds of the body
length, digestion and absorption take
place. Soil particles and undigested
organic matter pass out of the worm
through the rectum and anus.
Gizzard
Nervous System
The nervous system consists of the
ventral nerve cord, which travels the
length of the worm on the ventral
side, and a series of ganglia, which
are masses of tissue containing many
nerve cells.
Ventral Nerve Cord
• The nerve collar surrounds the pharynx
and consists of ganglia above and below
the pharynx. Nervous impulses are
responsible for movement and responses
to stimuli. Each segment contains an
enlargement, or ganglion, along the
ventral nerve cord.
Respiration
• The earthworm has no gills or lungs.
Gases are exchanged between the
circulatory system and the environment
through the moist skin.
• Possible practical questions:
• 1. Describe the external body of the earthworm.
• 2. Where are the setae and how many are there?
• 4 What do you need to avoid cutting when making the first
cut?
• 5. What is the body cavity called?
• 6. List the order that thing pass as going through the digestive
system of the worm?
• 7. Label a diagram of the ventral side of the worm and label
the mouth, prostomium, setae, sperm groove, openings of
seminal receptacles, male genital pore and clitellum
• 8. Briefly describe the systems of the earthworm
– Digestive, Circulatory, respiratory, reproductive
• 9. Be able to label the parts of the internal and external
structures.
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1. Describe the external body of the earthworm.
2. How can you tell ventral from dorsal?
3. Where are the setae and how many are there?
4. Draw a diagram of the ventral side of the worm and
label the mouth, setae and clitellum.
5. What do you need to avoid cutting when making
the first cut?
6. What is the body cavity called?
7. What are the compartments called?
8. List the order that thing pass as going through the
digestive system of the worm?
9. Briefly describe the systems of the earthworm
– Circulatory, respiratory, reproductive
10. Be able to label the parts of the internal and external
structures. Label a diagram
• color code the systems
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Organism of the Day
Chameleon: Chamaeleo chamaeleon
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Reptilia
Order:
Squamata
Suborder:
Lacertilia
Infraorder:
Iguania
Family:
Chamaeleonidae
Chameleon Fun Facts
• They are distinguished by their parrot-like
zygodactylous feet, their separately mobile
and stereoscopic eyes, their very long,
highly modified, and rapidly extrudable
tongues, their swaying gait, the
possession by many of a prehensile tail,
crests or horns on their distinctively
shaped heads, and the ability of some to
change color.
Chameleon Fun Facts 2
• The primary purpose of color change in chameleons is
social signaling, with camouflage secondary. Color
change signals a chameleon's physiological condition
and intentions to other chameleons. Chameleons tend to
show darker colors when angered, or attempting to scare
or intimidate others, while males show lighter, multicolored patterns when courting females.
• Life span 5-8 years on average. Clutch size can range
from 3-5 eggs for some species and 80-100 for others.
There are 160 species of Chameleon in the world.
COOL!
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Organism of the Day
• Jewel Wasp- Ampulex compressa
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Hymenoptera
Family:
Ampulicidae
Genus:
Ampulex
Species:
A. compressa
Jewel Wasp Facts
• The emerald cockroach wasp or jewel
wasp (Ampulex compressa) is a solitary
wasp of the family Ampulicidae. It is
known for its unusual reproductive
behavior, which involves stinging a
cockroach and using it as a host for its
larvae. It thus belongs to the
entomophagous parasites.
Other Gems….
The Jewel Wasp was introduced to Hawaii by F.X.
Williams in 1941 as a method of biocontrol. This has
been unsuccessful because of the territorial
tendencies of the wasp, and the small scale on
which they hunt.
The wasp has a metallic blue-green body, with the
thighs of the second and third pair of legs red. The
female is about 22 mm long; the male is smaller and
lacks a stinger.
Zombies!!!
• The Jewel wasp stings precisely into specific ganglia
of the roach. It delivers an initial sting to a thoracic
ganglion and injects venom to mildly and reversibly
paralyze the front legs of its victim. Temporary loss
of mobility in the roach facilitates the second
venomous sting at a precise spot in the victims head
ganglia (brain), in the section that controls the
escape reflex. As a result of this sting, the roach will
first groom extensively, and then become sluggish
and fail to show normal escape responses.
And then….
• Adults live for several months. Mating
takes about one minute, and only one
mating is necessary for a female wasp to
successfully parasitize several dozen
roaches.
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Organism of the Day
Chameleon: Chamaeleo chamaeleon
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Reptilia
Order:
Squamata
Suborder:
Lacertilia
Infraorder:
Iguania
Family:
Chamaeleonidae
Chameleon Fun Facts
• They are distinguished by their parrot-like
zygodactylous feet, their separately mobile
and stereoscopic eyes, their very long,
highly modified, and rapidly extrudable
tongues, their swaying gait, the
possession by many of a prehensile tail,
crests or horns on their distinctively
shaped heads, and the ability of some to
change color.
Chameleon Fun Facts 2
• The primary purpose of color change in chameleons is
social signaling, with camouflage secondary. Color
change signals a chameleon's physiological condition
and intentions to other chameleons. Chameleons tend to
show darker colors when angered, or attempting to scare
or intimidate others, while males show lighter, multicolored patterns when courting females.
• Life span 5-8 years on average. Clutch size can range
from 3-5 eggs for some species and 80-100 for others.
There are 160 species of Chameleon in the world.
COOL!
Background:
• Among the most familiar invertebrate animals
are the earthworms, members of the phylum
Annelida. The word annelida means "ringed"
and refers to a series of rings or segments that
make up the bodies of the members of this
phylum.
Internally,
septa, or
dividing walls,
are located
between the
segments.
There may be
more than 100
segments in an
adult worm.
• The clitellum is a swelling of the body
found in sexually mature worms and is
active in the formation of an egg capsule,
or cocoon.
clitellum
Reproductive system
• Eggs are produced in the ovaries and pass out
of the body through female genital pores.
Sperm are produced in the testes and pass out
through tiny male genital pores. During
mating, sperm from one worm travel along the
sperm grooves to the seminal receptacles of
another worm. Fertilization of the eggs takes
place outside the body as the cocoon moves
forward over the body, picking up the eggs of
one worm and the sperm of its mate.