HEMIPTEROID ORDERS PSOCOPTERA (booklice, bark lice) PHTHIRAPTERA (lice) THYSANOPTERA (thrips) Entognatha Archaeognatha Hexapoda Insecta Pterygota ? Neoptera Holometabola Apterygotes Paleoptera Hemimetabolous Holometabolous Zygentoma = Thysanura Ephemeroptera Odonata Plecoptera Embiodea Zoraptera Dermaptera Grylloblattodea Mantophasmatodea Orthoptera Phasmatodea Blattaria Isoptera Mantodea Psocoptera Phthiraptera Thysanoptera Hemiptera Coleoptera Rhaphidioptera Megaloptera Neuroptera Hymenoptera Mecoptera Siphonaptera Diptera Strepsiptera Trichoptera Lepidoptera Neoptera ? Plecoptera Zoraptera Embiodea Dermaptera Grylloblattodea Mantophasmatodea Phasmida Orthoptera Mantodea Isoptera Blattaria Psocoptera Phthiraptera Thysanoptera Hemiptera Coleoptera Rhaphidioptera Megaloptera Neuroptera Hymenoptera Mecoptera Siphonaptera Diptera Strepsiptera Trichoptera Lepidoptera Polyneoptera Paraneoptera Neuropterida Panorpida General features of the Paraneoptera 1. Cerci are lost 2. Abdominal ganglia are fused into one large ganglion 3. Asymmetrical mandibles HEMIPTEROID CLASSIFICATION Mandibles present Lacinia - a rod Parasitic Free living Sucking mouthparts Phthiraptera - lice Psocoptera - book lice Thysanoptera - thrips Right mandible lost Mandibles + lacinia = stylets Both mandibles modified Hemiptera- true bugs Other Psocoptera – bark lice Psocoptera Liposcelidae– book lice Amblycera Ischinocera Phthiraptera – true lice Rhynchophthirina Anopleura Thysanoptera - thrips Sternorrhyncha Auchenorrhyncha Hemiptera detritus/microbial Coleorrhyncha Plants Parasites/blood Predatory Heteroptera- true bugs Hexapod Orders Psocoptera Psoco - gnaw, ptera - wings Number of Species 4400 Common names Book lice, bark lice Typical habitats Distinguishing characteristics Other features leaf litter, under stones, under bark -only modification of mouthparts -Lacinia is a rod -eat any organic material -damage stored material - books, specimens Psocoptera – Mouthparts Cardo Stipes Palp Lacinia Galea Psocoptera – Mouthparts Cardo Stipes Palp Lacinia Galea Sitophore Plate/Sclerite Psocoptera - Bark Lice Psocoptera - Damage Hexapod Orders Phthiraptera Phthir - louse, aptera - wingless Number of Species 5,500 Common names Lice Typical habitats Ectoparasites of birds and mammals Distinguishing characteristics Other features -wingless -modified fore tarsi Reduced sense organs -sucking & biting forms Classification of lice Classification schemes have been: 1. 2. Order - Mallophaga - biting and chewing lice Order - Siphunculata - sucking lice 1. 1. Order - Phthiraptera 1. Suborder - Amblycera 2. Suborder - Ischnocera 3. Suborder - Anoplura 4. Suborder - Rhynchophthirina Order - Phthiraptera 1. Suborder - Mallophaga 2. Suborder - Siphunculata Classification of lice 1. Order - Phthiraptera 1. Suborder - Amblycera 2. Suborder - Ischnocera 3. Suborder - Anoplura 4. Suborder - Rhynchophthirina Amblycera Ischinocera Rhynchophthirina Anopleura Phthiraptera – true lice Classification of lice Biting/chewing lice Sucking lice Elephant lice Amblycera and Ischnocera Anoplura Rhychnophthirina Life cycle of human head louse Female lays eggs for 16 days - dies Female lays eggs 2 days after mating Larval louse hatches in 67 days Mating Adult Second instar (2 days) Fourth instar (10 days) Third instar (5 days) Host Specificity Bird hosts Mammal hosts Rhynchophthirina Ischnocera Amblycera Among the more famous Anoplura Phthirus pubis -crab lice Among the more famous Anoplura Head and body lice - Pediculus humanus Lice Infestation Hexapod Orders Thysanoptera Thysano - fringed, ptera - wing Number of Species 4500 Common names Thrips Typical habitats Vegetation (flowers) Distinguishing characteristics -fringed wings - no right mandible Other features -haploid/diploid Thysanoptera Mouthparts a. Labrum b. Mandible c. Food canal d. Maxilla e. Hypopharynx f. Salivary canal g. Labium Thysanoptera - wings Thysanoptera - Life cycle Eggs laid on plants (2-4 days) Adult PLANT 30 – 45 days lays up to 450 eggs 2 larval instars (1-4 days) Prepupa (1-2 days) Pupa (1-3) days SOIL Thysanoptera - Plant Damage Sociality among thrips Solitary Colonial Subsocial Eusocial No interactions Share nest sites, communal foraging and egg guarding Separate castes Kladothrips Sociality among thrips Why? 1. Thrips aggregate in similar areas 2. Thrips have haploid-diploid sex determination - males are from unfertilized eggs (N) - females from fertilized eggs (2n) Convergent evolution with Hymenoptera