Orchids
of Ohio
Blair (1909) vs. Today
Selected Ohio Species & Their Distribution
LOCAL FLORA – Lecture 3.1
Dr. Donald P. Althoff
Kate Blair - 1909
• Published “The Orchids of Ohio” in
The Ohio Naturalist 10(2):24-35
• Noted 21 genera and 37 species for Ohio…and
noted “…two or three others that are
doubtful” (p24)
• “…peculiar ___________ for insect
pollinations” (p24)
• “…some of the Cypripediums are known to be
____________ to the touch.” (p24)
• Paper include key and counties found in Ohio
Blair (1909) vs. Recent Taxonomy
• Compiled list of Ohio orchards (see handout)
• USDA site indicates all ____ species Blair
listed for Ohio currently still listed for Ohio
• ____ out of the ___ (65%) now have different
scientific name (either genus, species, or
both)
• ____ out of the ___ (68%) are listed as being
present in SE Ohio (USDA distribution maps)
Some Orchid Characteristics
• simple leaves with parallel veins common
• leaves often ovate, lanceolate, or orbicular
• __________
• _______flowers or…..________ or ___________
inflorescence
Orchid terminology
• _________ vs. orchids
• __________ vs. lady’s
• fringed vs. _____________ orchids
• _____ – modified petal
Modified “lip” = _________ orchids
Smaller purple fringed orchis
Ragged fringed orchis
(green fringed orchis)
_____________________
Platanthera ciliaris – USDA
Habenaria ciliaris – N & P
yellow fringed orchid
Modified “lip”
______________________
Platanthera blephariglottis – USDA
Habenaria blephariglottis – N & P
white fringed orchid
Modified “lip”
_______________________
Platanthera psycodes – USDA
Habenaria pyscodes – N & P
small purple fringed orchid
Modified “lip”
__________________= ragged orchid
Platanthera lacera – USDA
Habenaria lacera – N & P
green fringed orchid = ragged orchid
Modified “lip”
____________________orchid
Platanthera leucophaea – USDA
Habenaria leucophaea – N & P
prairie white fringed orchid
Modified “lip”
purple _______________ orchid
Platanthera peramonea – USDA
Habenaria peramonea – N & P
purple fringeless orchid
Modified “lip”
____________________“lip”
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Pink lady’s slipper = moccasin mouth
Yellow lady’s slipper
Showy lady’s slipper
Small yellow lady’s slipper
Rose pogonia = snakemouth = snakemouth orchid
Nodding pogonia = three-birds
Arethusa = dragon’s mouth
Modified “lip” =
crested or pouched
lip
Yellow Lady’s Slipper
Rose Pogonia = Snakemouth
nodding pogonia = _____________
Triphora trianthophora
arethusa = _______________
Artethusa bulbosa
______________only
–offer __________yet
bee-pollinated
Other variations/oddities
• Grass pink = calopogon
• Hooded ladies’ tresses, nodding ladies’ tresses,
etc. – __________________
• Coralroots (early, late, large, Wister’s) – ________,
_____________, depend on _______________ in
their roots to obtain nutrients (saprophytic plants)
___________= calopogon
Calopogon tuberosus – USDA
Calopogon puchellus – P & N
Cluster of ______
flowers
grass pink
Modified “lip” that is
__________
_________ ladies’ tresses
Spiranthes romanzoffiana
___________ ladies’ tresses
Spiranthes cernua
Bogs, meadows,
_______________
flower
spike
Clear Creek Metro Park
“lip” comparisons (curve)
flower spike not one-sided
Slender ladies‘
tresses
Nodding ladies‘
tresses
_____________
1 Corallorhiza maculata - large
2 Corallorhiza wisteriana – Wister’s stems ____________
3 Corallorhiza odontorhiza – late/ or _______________
autumn/small-flowered
1
2
3
Coral roots
Large, summer, spotted
autumn
Wister’s
Charles Darwin
• Published _______________________in 1862
(Origin of Species in 1859 for first edition, but
had 6 editions overall (last in 1872—the “final”
short title)
• Described complex mechanisms (i.e., coevolving with insects) to achieve crosspollination
• Used orchids to support theory of evolution: “In
my examination of Orchids, hardly any fact has so
much struck me as the endless __________
_____________...for gaining the very same end,
namely, the fertilisation of one flower by the pollen of
another.”
#1
in
Ohio
_________________________
Goodyera pubescans