International Natural Resource
Management (INRM)
(III)
Changxiao Li, Ph.D.
Email: lichangx@swu.edu.cn
Contents in this evening
1. Review of the Last Two Courses
2. Ecosystem-based Management in INRM
(Principles and Application)
1. A Review of the Last Course
1.1 Why Do We Study INRM?
-Rapid Population Increase
-Limited Resources
1.2 Issues in INRM
-Issues Related to Society (Fairness/Equity)
-Issues Related to Economy (Over
Exploitation/Overuse )
- Issues Related to Ecology (Separating Humankind
and Nature )
-Complexities of Different Issues/Conflicts
1.2 Ecosystem-based Management
1. Concept:
Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) is a
management approach that:
• Integrates ecological, social, and economic
goals and recognizes humans as key
components of the ecosystem.
1.2 Ecosystem-based Management
• Considers ecological- not just politicalboundaries.
• Addresses the complexity of natural processes
and social systems and uses an adaptive
management approach in the face of resulting
uncertainties.
1.2 Ecosystem-based Management
• Engages multiple stakeholders in a
collaborative process to define problems and
find solutions.
• Incorporates understanding of ecosystem
processes and how ecosystems respond to
environmental perturbations.
• Is concerned with the ecological integrity of
terrestrial-marine systems and the
sustainability of both human and ecological
systems.
1.3 Ecosystem Types
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Coastal
Estuarine
Freshwater
Marine
Terrestrial
Watershed
Wetlands
River
1.4 Principles of Ecosystem-based
Management
1. Sustainability
-Regarding intergenerational sustainability as
a precondition
2. Goals
-Establishing measurable goals
1.4 Principles of Ecosystem-based
Management
3. Sound Ecological Models and Understanding
-Relying on research performed at all levels of
ecological organization
4. Complex and Connectedness
-Recognizing the importance of biological
diversity and structural complexity
1.4 Principles of Ecosystem-based
Management
5. The Dynamic Character of Ecosystems
-Recognizing that change and evolution are
inherent in ecosystem sustainability
6. Context and Scale
-Operating over a wide range of spatial and
temporal scales
-Being affected by surrounding systems
-Thus, there is no single appropriate scale or
timeframe for management.
1.4 Principles of Ecosystem-based
Management
7. Humans as Ecosystem Components
-Valuing the active role of humans in achieving
sustainable management goals
8. Adaptability and Accountability
-Current knowledge and paradigms provisional,
incomplete, and subject to change
-Management approaches needed to be tested
by research and monitoring programs
2. How about the Ecosystem-based
Management in the US?
• Show Slides of the Cornell Life
• Requesting to Think about the Eco-friendly
Living Styles while viewing the PPT
3. Watershed-based Management
3.1 Concept
Watershed in Michigan, US
Watershed Components
Hydrological Cycle in the Watershed
How about this Management?
Watershed management is mostly about land use.
Watershed Adaptive Management
-Watershed adaptive management is a multistep, iterative process consisting of watershed
monitoring, assessment, planning,
implementation, and evaluation.
-Inherent to the process is a period of learning
based on changing conditions that leads to
improved decision-making to correct
problems.
Steps in Watershed Management
Processes of Watershed Adaptive
Management
The “adaptive” part of watershed management
occurs when assessments of changing
conditions and the responses of the
watershed to management are used to make
new decisions.
Watershed Management
Conceptual Model and Indicators
• Ecological or Social Endpoints
• Watershed Processes Influencing Endpoints
• Human Activities Influencing Watershed
Processes
• Draw a Conceptual Model
• Select Watershed Indicators
Human Activities Influencing
Watershed Processes
Thank you!