Biology 484 – Ethology
Chapter 9 – Evolution of
Communication
Chapter 9 Opener: When a bull elk bugles, other males listen
Communication can be
between individuals,
groups, or even different
species.
9.1 The pseudopenis of the female spotted hyena can be erected
The female
spotted hyena
displays her
pseudopenis in
an erect state
as a form of
greeting
ceremony.
9.2 Concentrations of testosterone in male and female spotted hyenas (Part 1)
9.2 Concentrations of testosterone in male and female spotted hyenas (Part 2)
9.3 A cost of the pseudopenis for female spotted hyenas
The
pseudopenis in
the female may
be helpful in
certain species
specific forms of
communication,
but it results in a
high cost
associated with
reproduction.
9.4 Competition for food among spotted hyenas may favor highly aggressive individuals
In a comparison of the extra androgen hypothesis and the aggression hypothesis,
the aggression hypothesis is currently best supported.
9.5 Dominance greatly advances female reproductive success in the spotted hyena
The higher the mother’s social status, the greater the
survival of her offspring.
9.6 Ultrasonic communication
The male whistling moth
communicates via ultrasonic calls
produced by striking hard, knobby
“castanet” wing structures
together.
9.7 Evolution of a sensory system
The area of the sensory nerve
labeled as “b1” shows the
difference between the two
moths.
The saturniid “b1” innervates to
relay information about the
hindwing.
The noctuid moth, which *can*
hear, uses the “b1” to innervate to
the tympanic membrane to
conduct vibratory sound to the
CNS.
9.8 Arthropod gills have evolved into many different structures with different functions (Part 1)
9.8 Arthropod gills have evolved into many different structures with different functions (Part 2)
9.9 Evolutionary precursors of insect wings?
This extinct insect (a stonefly
like insect) may be providing a
clue to how the gill plates may
have evolved into wings in
many forms of insects.
9.10 A surface-skimming stonefly
This particular species of stonefly
displays wings, but the wings are
not for flight in the traditional
sense. Instead, it uses the wings
somewhat like how we use a sail
on a sailboat. It is used to capture
wind and propel the insect along
the surface.
9.11 A possible evolutionary pathway from swimming to full flight in the stoneflies
Different species of stonefly with different possible velocities show a possible
mechanism for evolution of flight.
9.15 A female cichlid fish (left) is attracted to the anal fin of a male by the orange spots on the fin
Parental Care Behaviors in the convict cichlid, Chiclosoma nigrofasciatum:
Mouthing
Spitting
Finding
Digging
Feeding
Aggressive Behavior to Mate
Attack Conspecifics
Fanning
Hovering
None of the Above
9.16 Food, carotenoids, and female mate preferences in the guppy
9.17 Sexual preferences for orange spots match foraging preferences by female guppies
9.21 Mate preferences for a novel ornament
9.22 The panda principle is evident in the sexual behavior of a parthenogenetic whiptail lizard
9.28 The European cuckoo chick’s begging call matches that of four baby reed warblers (Part 1)
9.28 The European cuckoo chick’s begging call matches that of four baby reed warblers (Part 2)
9.38 An honest signal
9.40 A deceptive signaler