6.1: The Gilded Age—The Rise of
Big Business & the Closing of
the Western Frontier
 Follow
along in the student packet:
“Content students MUST KNOW to be
successful on the GHSGT” (p. 105-107)
USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900
Ranching, Mining, Farming
Industrialization
Reconstruction &
Rise of Jim Crow
USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The South:
After the failure of
Reconstruction in 1877, the
South entered the Jim Crow era
Sharecropping & Segregation
USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The West:
Farmers,
ranchers, &
miners
closed the
last of the
frontier at
the expense
of Indians
Mining was
the 1st
attraction to
the West;
Miners
created
“instant
towns” in
areas where
gold or
silver was
discovered
Cattle Ranchers on the “Open Range”
 In
The Farming Bonanza
1862, the U.S. government began
the Homestead Act which encouraged
farmers to settle in the West by
offering 160 acres of land to families
who promised to live there for 5 years
A pioneer sod house
Irish workers made up a large percentage
of laborers on the eastern section
Chinese workers made up a
large percentage of laborers
on the western leg
1st transcontinental railroad connected the west
coast to eastern cities in 1869
 Populists
Populists
were westerners who wanted
 “Free silver”
(Bi-metalism)
 Regulation of
railroads
 Income tax
 Direction election
of senators
Native
Americans
in the West:
Major Battles
&
Reservations
• Little Big Horn—Sioux surrounded &
killed US Army division led by Custer
• Wounded Knee—Indians were killed to
stop performance of Ghost Dance ritual
The Original Native Americans
Indian tribes retained
only a few reservations
set aside by the U.S.
government
USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The North:
Experienced an industrial revolution,
mass immigration, & urbanization
America became the world’s leader in railroad,
steel, & oil production
“Big Business”
 Monopolies
(trusts): Companies that
controlled the majority of one
industry:
 Rockefeller’s
Standard Oil
 Carnegie’s
U.S. Steel
 Vanderbilt’s
railroads
Robber Barons or Captains of Industry?
“New Immigration” & Urbanization
Ellis Island was the primary receiving port for _________
European
immigrants. Asian immigrants were primarily processed
Angel Island in the San Francisco Bay.
at ______
Working & Living Conditions
The Thirteenth Amendment ended
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slavery
Black codes
the Civil War
Jim Crow Laws
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Miranda vs. Arizona.
Plessy vs. Ferguson.
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This labor union (created by Samuel
Gompers) was open only to skilled,
white male workers
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Poor, run-down urban
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slums
tenements
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skyscrapers
sl
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Outlawing the Indian Sun (Ghost) Dance
in 1890 resulted in the
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Battle of Little Big Horn
Battle of Potowanamie Creek
Massacre at Sand Creek.
Battle of Wounded Knee.
Ba
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The two factors that did most to
encourage western settlement after
the Civil War were
re
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the gold rush & cattle economy
the Homestead Act & the railroad
removal of the buffalo & Native56%
Americans from the plains
22%
the removal of the Indians & 11%
the 11%
gold rush
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Which best explains why Standard Oil
was so successful
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interlocking directorate
buying stocks “on the margin”
labor unions
horizontal integration
in
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1.
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Which population trend occurred in the
U.S. from 1860 to 1920?
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3.
fewer Eastern & Southern European
immigrants coming to America
the growth of the suburbs
people moved from the North to the
South
growth in American cities
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The size and power of John D. Rockefeller’s
Standard Oil Company caused which of the
following?
The government
created anti-trust
laws.
The public accepted
the benefits of
monopolies.
Many other
businessmen entered
the oil business.
Many wealthy people
chose to give away
millions of dollars.
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the desire to
establish military
posts
the building of new
canals
the westward shift
of the frontier
the desire for more
land to grow cotton
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Which of the following contributed MOST to the
forced removal of Native Americans from the
Great Plains from 1867 to 1890?
10
According to the pie charts on the previous slide,
how did immigration to the United States change
between 1854 and 1907?
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The percentage of immigrants
coming from Germany and Britain
gradually increased.
By 1907, Russia replaced Britain
as the source of the greatest
number of immigrants.
The total number of immigrants
coming to the United States
declined.
The percentage of immigrants
coming from southern and
eastern Europe increased
dramatically.
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