SAPP PROJECT WP2
EXAMPLES OF ONLINE DATABASES
Flora Zambesiaca (FZ)
SEPASAL
(Survey of Economic Plants for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands)
PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa)
[African Wild Harvest project]
Flora Zambesiaca (FZ)
www.kew.org/floras/fz/intro.html
•
•
•
•
Zambezi River Basin: Botswana,
Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia,
Zimbabwe and Caprivi Strip (Namibia)
c. 10,200 species
77% published
Native and naturalised species
Search by
- Taxon Name
- FZ Country
- Endemism
- Habit
- Altitude
- Habitat
• Keys for identification
• Uses in Notes
SEPASAL
(SURVEY OF ECONOMIC PLANTS FOR ARID AND SEMI-ARID LANDS)
Useful wild and semi-domesticated species
Tropical and subtropical drylands
Focus on Africa
> 6600 species so far, of which > 3000 occur in Africa
Fully searchable on Internet
www.kew.org./ceb/sepasal/
SEPASAL Data Fields
• Scientific names (incl. synonyms)
• Vernacular and trade names
• Geographical distribution
• Uses
• Use-related properties (e.g. habit,
chemical analyses)
• Environmental tolerances and
habitat
• Notes fields (e.g. detail on uses,
ecology, cultivation, harvesting)
• References
Tephrosia vogelii, the fish bean or fish
poison plant, recorded on SEPASAL, has
both insecticidal and acaricidal
properties.
Photo: Paul Latham
TDWG Level 1 Use Categories
Food
Food Additives
Animal Food
Bee Plants
Invertebrate Food
Fuels
Materials
Social Uses
Vertebrate Poisons
Non-Vertebrate Poisons
Medicines
Environmental Uses
Gene Sources
ORGANISMS
AFFECTED
↓
POISONOUS
PLANT
PARTS
SPECIFIC
EFFECT
ORGANISMS OF POISON
AFFECTED
UNSPECIFIED NONVERTEBRATES
e.g. leaves
- young leaves
e.g. repellent
ARTHROPODA
seeds
- entire seeds
MOLLUSCA
- testa
OTHER EUMETAZOA
- seed oil
Annelida
PROTOZOA
infructescences
Microspora
VIRUSES
inflorescences
BACTERIA
- flowers
FUNGI
- flower buds
PLANTS
leaves
- fallen leaves
e.g. Insecta
- Diptera
reproduction
inhibitor
USE OF
POISONS
e.g. livestock
pest control
disease vector
control
antifeedant
plant pest
control
mutagenic
stored products
protection
Gram +/ -
plant disease
control
death
Angiosperms
growth
inhibitor
weed control
Cleome gynandra L. [549]
CAPPARACEAE
Synonyms
Cleome pentaphylla L.
Cleome heterotricha Burch.
Gynandropsis pentaphylla (L.)DC.
Gynandropsis heterotricha (Burch.)DC.
Gynandropsis gynandra (L.)Briq.
Photo: AVRDC
The World Vegetable Center
Vernacular names
Damara (Namibia)
Damara/Nama (Namibia)
English (Kenya)
English (Namibia)
English (South Africa)
Pedi (Southern Africa)
Pokot (Kenya)
!Khauro.b [5095], !hunihai.b [5095]
goma/horob [5083] [5095] [5098], gomabeb [5083] [5095] [5098]
bastard mustard [2719], cat's whiskers [2719], spider flower [2719],
spider herb [2719]
spider-wisp [5098]
African spider flower [5873], bastard mustard [5873], cat's whiskers
[5873], spider wisp [5873], spider-wisp [5303] [5304]
lerotho [1171]
karelmet [2719], suriya [2719], suriyo [2719]
CLEOME GYNANDRA : EXAMPLES OF DESCRIPTORS IN SEPASAL
Category
Descriptors and States
DESCRIPTION
Terrestrial; Herb [3] [549] [5303]; Annual [3] [1142] [1171] [1210]; Erect [2] [488];
Taproot Present [5345]; Partial Outbreeding [5345]; Fast Growth Rate [5188];
Foetid/Unpleasant - leaves [488] [1301] [1610]; Foetid/Unpleasant - unspecified parts
[5345]; Plant Height <= 1.3 m [3] [1210] [2719]
SOILS
Deep [5188]; Shallow [1362]; Acid [5188]; Neutral [5188]; Boulders/Rocky [1362];
Sandy [5188]; Loams [5188]; Clays [5188]; Peat/Organic Substrates [2719]; Well
Drained [5188]
HABITAT
Anthropogenic Landscapes [162] [1362] [5303]; Woodland [1362];
Shrubland/Bushland/Scrub [1362]; Grassland/Forb-Land [5303]; Pioneer [1362];
Altitude 0-2400 m a.s.l. [1362]
PHYSIOLOGY
C4 [5188] [5345]; Drought Tolerant [5873]
PRODUCTION
AND VALUE
Wild Plants Utilised [5188]; 'Semi-Domesticated' Plants Utilised [1362] [1674] [5188]
[5873]; Undergoing Cultivation Trials [5873]; Minor Crop/Forestry Species [5188]
[5345]; Recommended for Cultivation [5873]; Subsistence Value [5188]
CONSTRAINTS
Weed [162] [1362] [5188]; Agricultural Weed [162] [1171]
CHEMICAL
ANALYSES
Nutritional Analyses - leaves [187] [1610] [5188]; Essential Oil Analyses - seeds [84]
[488] [1142]; Nutritional Analyses - unspecified parts [1610] [5345]; Other Analyses unspecified parts [997]; Antinutritional Factors - entire plant [5188]; Poisonous
Compounds - leaves [5188]; Antinutritional Factors - leaves [549] [1610] [5188];
Poisonous Compounds - seeds [5188]; Poisonous Compounds - unspecified parts
[1142] [5188]; Vitamin A (carotene) - leaves [5188]; Vitamin B1 (thiamine) - leaves
CLEOME GYNANDRA : EXAMPLES OF USES TERMS RECORDED IN SEPASAL
NON-VERTEBRATE POISONS
Arthropoda
Anoplura (lice), seeds, death, vermin control [549] [997] [1610];
Insecta, death [5345];
Insecta, death, plant pest control [5345];
Insecta, leaves, death, plant pest control [5345];
Insecta, leaves, repellent, plant pest control [5345];
Acari (mites/ticks), seeds, death, livestock pest control [5345];
Coleoptera, seeds, death [5188]; Homoptera (aphids etc.), seeds, death [5188];
Lepidoptera (butterflies/moths), death [5188];
Hemiptera (bugs), death [5188]; Lepidoptera (butterflies/moths), antifeedant [5188];
Acari (mites/ticks), seeds, repellent [5188]; Acari (mites/ticks), seeds, death [5188]
MEDICINES
Unspecified Medicinal Disorders
leaves, humans, oral ingestion [2719]; leaves, humans, baths [2719]
Blood System Disorders
leaves, humans, anaemia [5188]
Digestive System Disorders
humans, purgative [1610]; leaves, humans, stomach [1610] [5095]; roots, humans, stomach [1610]; humans,
constipation, oral ingestion [2719] [5188]; humans, stomach [5345]; leaves, humans, stomach, oral ingestion
CLEOME GYNANDRA : EXAMPLE OF FREE TEXT NOTES DEALING WITH
NON-VERTEBRATE POISONS
NON-VERTEBRATE POISONS - ARTHROPODA
Acari, leaves, repellent, death:
The leaves have anti-tick properties. They have repellent and acaricidal properties for larvae, nymphs and adult
Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and Amblyomma variegatum ticks. Ticks may not be found for a distance of 2-5 m
from the plant [5188] .
Coleoptera, Homoptera, seeds, death:
The extract from the mature seeds is toxic to brinjal aphid (Aphis gossypii Glov.) and the larvae of Heliothis
armigera (bollworm) [5188] .
Insecta, leaves, death, repellent, plant pest control:
Spiderplants are known for their insecticidal and insect-repellent characteristics. Sprays of aqueous leaf extracts
may cause considerable reduction in aphid and thrip populations. When used as an intercrop with cabbages, there
was found to be a profound effect on diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., populations of which are
considerably reduced when on when one row of cabbages was alternated with one row of spiderplants [5345] .
Lepidoptera, anti-feedant:
The plant has an anti-feedant action against the tobacco caterpillar (Spodoptera litura F.) [5188] .
Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, death:
The ethanol extract is toxic to insect pests, such as the painted bug (Bagrada cruciferarum Kirk) and the
diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) of cruciferous vegetables [5188] .
SEPASAL Partner Nodes in Africa
• National Museums of Kenya
• National Botanical Research
Institute, Namibia
• Hardware and editing
software
• Training
• Data capture
• Dissemination of data
-Locally
-Regionally
-Globally
Internet SEPASAL Global Editing
End User
Data flow
Live SEPASAL
Database
Optional
Feedback
Data Validator
Data accepted or
rejected
Data contribution
Data checked
Contributor X
(Published) data source
Contributor Y
(Published) data source
Species in SEPASAL in FZ region recorded with
Non-Vertebrate Poison Uses
( ) = species in woodlands
FZ
REGION
MALAWI / ZAMBIA /
ZIMBABWE
Total
Total
Indigenous
116 (69)
108
72
Arthropoda
80 (45)
76
46
- Insecta
61 (39)
58
35
37 (26)
33
27
Fungi
7 (3)
7
2
Plants
1 (0)
1
0
Non-Vert. Poisons
Mollusca
Dissemination
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
Reports
downloaded by
non-Kew users
1000
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
0
206 out of 1410 currently registered users are in Africa
PLANT RESOURCES OF TROPICAL AFRICA (PROTA)
www.prota.org
Scattered information made widely accessible
7000 Tropical African species
Inform and support sustainable plant use
Identifying opportunities to use plants
Network of offices in countries; 7 in Africa
PROTA Handbooks and Databases
Supporting databases
• WORLDREFS – 370,000 references
Species review articles published in
handbooks and online
• AFRIREFS (“Grey” literature) –
170,000 references
AFRICAN WILD HARVEST
Legal Agreement
signed between NMK
and RBG Kew
Project outputs
agreed
and Prior Informed
Consent (PIC) signed
with communities
Traditional food plants used by the BIDII Women’s
Group, Western Kenya.
Photo: Rory McBurney