Introduction – Human Evolution
Mosaic Evolution: ________________________
With respect to human evolution:
•
•
_____________________
Developed at varying times along our
evolutionary history
But how did we get here?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Anatomical Adaptations for
Bipedalism
1.
2.
___________
Increase in ________
Changes to hallux
__________
_______________
_____________________
Anatomical Adaptations for
Bipedalism
Anatomical Adaptations for
Bipedalism
3.
_______________________
Increase in surface area
Extension ____________
__________ - angled towards the
middle of the body
Anatomical Adaptations for
Bipedalism
4. Pelvis
_____________________
______________________
Anatomical Adaptations for
Bipedalism
5. _________________
____________________
Morphological Changes
6. Foramen Magnum – _______________________
Bipedal – ____________________
Quadrupedal – ______________________
Hominin
Evolution
Pre-dating Australopithecus
Hominins
discovered in
_________________
Bipedal
We
– debatable in some species
will focus on the species for which
there is ________________of bipedalism
Ardipithecus ramidus
Middle Awash area of
Ethiopia
Approximately 4.4mya
Found:
1.
2.
3.
Ardipithecus ramidus
Indicators of Bipedalism
____________________
Femur
and pelvis
Humerus
–
_______________
Foot
Phalanges
Ardipithecus ramidus
Ardipithecus ramidus
Ardi
= “facultative” biped
What
do you think this term
mean?
Australopithecus afarensis
_______________
Hadar,
Ethiopia
Laetoli, Tanzania
3.6-3.0
Forest,
mya
woodland,
grassland
A. afarensis – Traits
Bipedal
1.
2.
Some Arboreal Abilities Retained
1.
2.
A. afarensis – Traits
A. afarensis – Traits
Type Fossil – “Lucy”
Found:
1974, Hadar,
Ethiopia
____________________
Both
arms
Much of the pelvis
Left femur, right tibia
Hand and Foot bones
Adult
(based on 3rd molar)
_____________
Type Site: Laetoli Footprints
Tanzania
3.6 mya
75 feet long preserved
_____________
___________
______________
A New Hominin
Australopithecus
sediba
Discovered in
2008; located in
South Africa
Proposed
by some
to be the best
candidate
__________
_________________
A New Hominin
Features:
_______________
_
Pelvis – ________
of
Australopithecu
s-like and
Homo-like
features
Hand –
Foot & ankle
shape –
The Genus Homo – Overall Trends
Characterized
by:
Introduction To Homo habilis
Contemporaneous with _______________________
Anatomically different than specimens assigned
to the genus _______________________
Distinguishing feature – _________________
H.
habilis shows an ___________________as
compared to Australopithecines
Homo habilis – OH 24
Location: Olduvia Gorge
(Africa)
Comparison to
Australopithecines:
“Twiggy” or OH 24
Dated to ~ 1.8mya
1.
2.
0
