OVERVIEW OF WASTE
MANAGEMENT IN MALAYSIA
WASTE COMPOSITION AND
RECYCLING RATE
2005
2012
26,600,000
28,300,300
19,000++
33,000
0.8kg/day/person
1.1kg/day/person
Food Waste
45
44.5
Plastic
24
13.2
Diapers
-
12.1
Paper
7
8.5
Garden Waste
-
5.8
Population
Waste Generation
(tonne/day)
Generation rate
Waste composition(%)
Glass
3.3
Textile
3.1
Others
Recycling Rate (%)
24
5
9.5
10.5
33,000 ton/day
- what does it mean?
1 day – 0.183333 km square of 1m high
30 days – 5.5 km square
44 months – Kuala Lumpur of 243 km square, full with 1 m high solid waste
RECYCLING – ECONOMIC POTENTIAL
WASTE TO WEALTH
Composition
Percentage
(%)
Amount
(tones/year)
Market price
(RM/kg)
Values
(Million, RM)
Papers
17.1
1,026,000
0.20
205.2
Plastics
9.1
546,000
0.30
163.8
Glass
3.7
222,000
0.05
11.1
Aluminium
0.4
24,000
2.00
48.0
Scrap Metals
1.6
96,000
0.50
48.0
Other nonrecyclable
68.1
4,086,000
-
-
Total
100.0
6,000,000
-
476.1
Note:
1) Waste composition data obtained from MHLG (2005)
2) Total waste generation was estimated at 6 million tones per year
3) Average market prices were based on prices at recycling centre as at
September 2005; actual prices at recyclable agents, middleman and
end buyers (industries) are usually much higher
3R PROVISION IN THE SOLID WASTE
AND PUBLIC CLEANSING
MANAGEMENT ACT (ACT 672)
PART X
REDUCTION AND RECOVERY OF
CONTROLLED SOLID WASTE
101. Reduction, reuse and recycling
102. Take back system and deposit refund system
LAB PENGURUSAN SISA PEPEJAL PEMANDU
LAB PENGURUSAN SISA PEPEJAL PEMANDU
WASTE STREAM




LIFE CYCLE

DESIGN
PRODUCTION
DISTRIBUTION &
RETAILS
HOUSEHOLD WASTE
COMMERCIAL / INSTITUTIONAL WASTE
INDUSTRIAL WASTE
CONSTRUCTION & DEMOLITION
SPECIAL WASTE
CONSUMER
STORAGE
COLLECTION
TRANSFER /HAULAGE
TREATMENT
DISPOSAL
Sanitary landfill
Privatisation
Improved
service
Free waste bin
ENVIROMENT
SOCIAL
ECONOMY
SUSTAINABILITY
2 Transfer
station
One RDF
plant
WtE
Small incinerator
KL incinerator
LFG to energy
WASTE STREAM




LIFE CYCLE

DESIGN
-Recyclability
-Recycle content
-Policy
PRODUCTION
-Extended
producer
Responsibility
-Take back
-Deposit refund
-ELV
-Waste
exchange
DISTRIBUTION &
RETAILS
HOUSEHOLD WASTE
COMMERCIAL / INSTITUTIONAL WASTE
INDUSTRIAL WASTE
CONSTRUCTION & DEMOLITION
SPECIAL WASTE
CONSUMER
STORAGE
COLLECTION
TRANSFER /HAULAGE
TREATMENT
DISPOSAL
Sanitary landfill
-Packaging
-Policy
-Packaging
tax
-Public
participation
-Home
composting
-Home AD
-PAYT
Separation
at source
Privatisation
Improved
service
Free waste bin
2 Transfer
station
One RDF
plant
WtE
Small incinerator
KL incinerator
LFG to energy
Landfill tax
ENVIROMENT
SOCIAL
ECONOMY
SUSTAINABILITY
THE OBJECTIVE
To formulate an action plan for
Comprehensive, Integrated and Sustainable
solid waste management in Malaysia
HOUSEHOLD WASTE COMPOSITION
10.57
2.73
1.31
12.14
51.62
8.45
Organic Waste
Plastic
Paper
Diapers
Household Hazardous Waste
Metal
Others
13.18
WASTE FROM HOUSEHOLD & SIMILAR WASTE
What we have improved?




Reliable collection
Free waste bin
Regular monitoring
(KPI)
Effective public
complaint system
- 2 x per week – kitchen waste +
residual waste
- 1 x per week - recyclable + bulky
+ garden
waste
- New collection vehicle – EN1505
- No spillage (waste & leachate)
What are the pending issues ?

Increase in waste generation- rate &
volume
 Segregation at source
 Hazardous household waste (1.3%)
(Chemical and biological hazard)
 WEE – hazardous (DOE)
 Bulky waste
 Garden waste


53 / 99 PBTs
Waste discarded
– 10 to 2500 ton/day
FOOD AND ORGANIC WASTE

45% of waste discarded, 15,000 ton/day

Storage – enclosed (animal, vector), decompose

High collection cost – special compactor, regular collection

Contribute to greenhouse gasses (GHG)

Produce leachate – pollution, LTP (high CAPEX & OPEX)

Low calorific value (but nutrient rich waste)


Generators – house, food court, restaurant, hotel, market,
training institution, food industry (expired products), event,
etc.
Treatment of the food wastes - extremely limited
CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION
WASTE COMPOSITION
Percentage (%)
Concrete
Metal
Bricks
Plastic
Woods
Others
12.3
9.6
6.5
0.4
69.1
2
CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION
(C&D) WASTE ISSUES
The Star Newspaper, 2011
The Star Newspaper, 2012
CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION
WASTE ISSUE

Main issue – illegal dumping
85% recyclable
 Secondary construction materials
 Pilot project – Worldwide Inert Waste Landfill
Kampung Sungai Kertas, Gombak

PLASTIC IN LANDFILL
PLASTICS,TETRA PAK, DIAPERS

Highest in numbers - 15%

Very noticeable in landfill, non- degradable

Used in most consumer products


Plastic resin used - 3,087,765 ton/year or 8459 ton/day

PE (985,000 ton/yr), PP(450,000 ton/yr), PET(178,000
ton/yr), PS (215,000 ton/yr), ABS (170,000 ton/yr)

PVC (350,000 ton/yr) - dioxin
Low Recycling rate- 2.5%:

109 ton/day (recycle) vs. 4,300 ton/day (discarded)
PLASTIC APPLICATION
Percentage (%)
Packaging
42
Electrical and Electronic
26
Householde
10
Automotive
Construction
11
Agriculture
7
Others
2
2

Potential – recycle industry (W2W), high Calorific Value (WtE)

MPMA participation & contribution

Brand owner participation & contribution
CONSUMER GOODS

All waste except food waste, plastic, C&D, garden
waste

E-Waste (WEE), Furniture,

Textile, Leather goods, Rubber, Glass,

Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) – paint,
thinners, kitchen cleaners and

End of Life Vehicle (ELV)

Disposed to landfill

Lack of recycling facilities

Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)

Take back, deposit refund, recycling material
content
WASTE MANAGEMENT IN
11th MALAYSIA PLAN
Rancangan Malaysia Kesebelas
(RMKe-11)

Dokumen RMKe-11 terdiri daripada enam (6)
teras tama
Teras 1 – Merekayasa Pertumbuhan Ekonomi
Teras 2 – Memperkasa Pemacu Pertumbuhan
Teras 3 – Memanfaat Bakat
Teras 4 – Mengarusperdana Pengurusan Alam
Sekitar dan Sumber Asli
Teras 5 – Memperkukuh Pembangunan Inklusif
Teras 6 – Meningkat Kesejahteraan Rakyat
Waste Management in 11th Malaysia
Plan

Implementation of comprehensive, integrated &
sustainable waste management

Policy

Legal aspect – implementation of Act 672

Strengthening the institutions

Capacity building etc.
Defining Integrated WM
Integrated solid waste management

strategic approach to sustainable management

covering all sources and all aspects,

generation, segregation, transfer, sorting, treatment,
recovery and disposal

in an integrated manner,

with an emphasis on maximizing resource use
efficiency.
Defining Sustainable WM
ENVIRONMENT
by reducing or
eliminating adverse
impacts on the local
and general
environment and
minimizing resource
extraction




by reducing the budget needed
for solid waste collection
services,ECONOMIC
treatment, and
disposal
by improving economic
efficiency, especially in
resource extraction and use
By creation of markets for the
recyclables



public participation in 3R
activity
by delivering
more attractive
SOCIAL
and pleasant human
settlements
better social amenity, sources
of employment and potentially
a route out of poverty
Source: Guidelines for National Waste Management Strategies - Moving from challenge to opportunities
United Nations Institute for Training and Research
Integrated Sustainable Waste
Management Plan Model
STAKEHOLDERS
Local Authorities
NGOs / CBOs
Service users
Industries & Commercial
Private informal sector
Private formal sector
Donor agencies
WASTE SYSTEM ELEMENTS
Generation &
Separation
Collection
Reduction
Reduction
Re-use
ASPECTS
Technical
Environmental / Health
Financial / Economic
Socio-cultural
Institutional
Policy / Legal/ Political
Transfer &
Transport
Treatment &
Disposal
Recycling
Recovery
Process
time
Sustainability
Producers &
Retailers
SCPI
SCPI
Source: Integrated Solid Waste Management
Mushtaq Ahemd MEMON
International Environmental Technology Centre
Benefits of ISWM

Cleaner and safe neighbourhoods

Higher resource use efficiency

Resource augmentation



Savings in waste management costs due to
reduced levels of final waste disposal
Better business opportunities and economic
growth
Local ownership & responsibilities / participation
Source: Integrated Solid Waste Management
Mushtaq Ahemd MEMON
International Environmental Technology Centre
Process to Develop ISWM
1
3
Waste Characterization
& Quantification Future
Trends
Targets for ISWM
4
2
Prevailing Solid Waste
Management System &
Gaps therein
Constraints &
Stakeholders' Concerns
Integrated Sustainable Waste Management Plan
(Management System including Technical, Policy & Voluntary aspects)
Source: Integrated Solid Waste Management
Mushtaq Ahemd MEMON
International Environmental Technology Centre
Committees


Advisory Committee

To provide input and guidance concerning aspect
related to their field of expertise

An independent committee member
Steering Committee

To direct and monitor the ISWM planning process
The End
Thank you for your
attention
WASTE MANAGEMENT ISSUE
PLASTICS
Teras 4 dalam RMKe-11
Pengurusan sisa:



satu daripada enam isu utama yang terdapat
dalam TWG Biodiversiti, Pengurusan Alam Sekitar
dan Perubahan Iklam
kurang diberi penekanan dan sering dilihat secara
berasingan dalam dokumen-dokumen Rancangan
Malaysia sebelum ini.
lebih menyeluruh dan bersepadu diberi penekanan
dalam penyediaan kertas strategi
Isu e-waste di Malaysia



Perundangan sedia ada digubal hanya untuk
digunapakai di sektor industri dan kurang
sesuai untuk pengurusan sisa bagi isi rumah
JAS - penyediaan rangka pengurusan untuk
mengatasinya
mengenalpasti pendekatan berkesan bagi
menggalakkan masyarakat menguruskan ewaste