A LOOK
AT OUR
FUTURE ?
A worker in
China takes a
rest on bed of
plastic bottles at
a recycling
center in Jiaxing,
Zhejiang
province, China,
on November 6,
2011
http://www.theatla
ntic.com/infocus/20
11/11/recyclingaround-theworld/100186/.
INTRODUCTION TO CARTOGRAPHY --GEOG. 310
Recycling – Across the Planet
Dr. F. Kessler
9 October 2014
TERMS TO CONSIDER
 Leachate -- water percolates through a solid leaching out
some of the components
 Use of resources --- for new products & recycling processes
 Industry --- jobs, income, etc.
 Environment
 Materials --- glass, paper and newsprint, cardboard, steel,
aluminum, copper, iron, plastics, electronics, rubber (tires),
organic waste, batteries (ex. NiCad containing nickel and
cadmium), gold, silver, Freon, aggregates and concrete,
asphalt and tarmac, bricks, ink jet printer cartridges, paint,
textiles, mine chat waste, ship salvage, cars (all parts),
pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, and possibly other materials.
 Landfills
FYI --- If the links require a password or state an issue with
security, please copy and paste the link. Some of the links are
slow, patience please.
AREAS TO USE FOR MAPPING
For a look at recycling world wide with a variety of options and
how the United States ranks go to --- Getting Wasted:
Recycling Stats from Around the World
http://www.care2.com/causes/getting -wasted-recycling-statsfrom-around-the-world.html
Global Trade in Electronic Waste
http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/ghana804/map/map
.html
Lead acid batteries from Ghana successfully recycled [ in
Germany. This provides a topic where collection and recycling
take part in two different countries.
http://www.oeko.de/en/press/press -releases/archive-pressreleases/2014/lead -acid-batteries-from-ghana-successfullyrecycled/
RECYCLING
The proces s of re -usi ng a giv en product (bey ond its intended use), or
producing a new product from a recyclable material. Recycling is
more commonl y associated with the process where ol d goods are re manufactured , al l owing them to be turned into new products
The v irtue of recycl ing has been appreciated for centuri es . For
thousands of years metal items hav e been recycl ed by mel ting and
reformi ng them into new weapons or tool s. I t is said that the broken
pieces of the Col ossus of Rhodes , a statue deemed one of the sev en
wonders of the ancient worl d, were recycled for scrap. During the
industrial rev ol ution, recycl ers began to form businesses and l ater
trade associati ons , deal ing in the col l ecti on, trade and proces si ng of
metal s and paper.
A merica's I nstitute of Scrap Recycl ing I ndustries (I SRI ), a trade
associati on with more than 1,400 member companies , traces its roots
back to one such organi zati on founded in 1913. I n the 1930s many
people surv iv ed the Great Depression by peddling scraps of metal,
rags and other items. I n those days reuse and recycl i ng were often
economi c necessi ti es . Recycl ing al so pl ayed an important rol e during
the second worl d war, when scrap metal was turned into weapons .
WASTE MANAGEMENT
The processes involved in dealing with the waste of humans and
o r g an i sm s , i n c l udi ng m i n i m i zati o n, h an d l i ng , p r o c e s s i ng , s t o r ag e ,
r e c y c l ing , t r ans port , and f i n al d i s p o sal .
D i c t i o n a r y . c o m ' s 2 1 st C e n t u r y L e x i c o n C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 0 3 - 2 0 1 4
W as t e m an ag e m e n t i s t h e p r ac t i c e o f c o l l e c ti ng an d d i s p o si ng o f t h e
w as t e p r o d u c ed b y h u m an ac t i v iti e s. F o r e x am p l e , w h e n a p e r s o n b u y s a
p r o d u c t an d t h e n d i s p o se s o f i t s p l as t i c p ac k ag i n g , t h at p ac k ag i ng
b e c o m e s w as t e . O n c e w as t e i s i n t ro duc e d i n t o an e n v i ro nm e n t, i t c an
p r o d u c e m an y h ar m f u l e f f e c t s , s u c h as t h e s p r e ad o f d i s e ase .
W as t e m an ag e m e n t i s v i t al t o t h e h e al t hy f u n c t i o ni ng o f a s o c i e t y.
T h r o u g h o ut h i s t o ry, s an i tati o n i s s u e s h av e b e e n t o b l am e f o r d i s e ase
o u t b r e aks an d e p i d e mi c s i n m o s t p o p u l at ed r e g i o n s o f t h e
w o r l d. I m p ro p e r w as t e m an ag e m e n t h as n e g at i v e af f e c t s o n i n d i v idu al
h e al t h, an d s i m i l arly i t al s o n e g at i v e l y i m p ac t s e n v i ron m e nt al h e al t h.
P o s i ti v e w as t e m an ag e m e n t s y s t e m s, h o w e v e r, c an p r e v en t t h e n e g at i v e
i m p ac t s w as t e h as o n t h e e n v i ro n m en t. R e c y cl i ng , o r r e u s i ng m at e r i al s
t h at hav e al r eady been u s e d o n c e , i s an e n v i ro n me ntal ly fr i endl y w ay o f
u t i l izi n g w as t e . U s i n g t h e g as t h at d e c o m p o s i ng o r g an i c m at e r i al s g i v e o f f
i n l an d fi l ls as a s o u r c e o f e n e r g y i s an o t h e r p o s s i b l e w ay f o r w as t e
m an ag e m e n t t o f u n c t i o n i n a g r e e n w ay .
http://www.ecomii.com/ecopedia/waste -management
GLOBAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
Wh a t a w a s t e : A G l o b a l R e v i e w o f S o l i d Wa s t e M a n a g e m e nt p r o v i d e s
b a c k gr o und , s t a t i s ti c s o n a l a r g e n u m b e r o f a r e a s , c o m p a ri so ns a m o ng
c o un t ri e s, a n d v a ri o us c o m p on e n t s o f w a s t e m a n a g e m e nt
h t t p :/ / w e b .w orl db a nk .o r g /WB SI T E / E XT E R N A L /T O PI C S / E XT UR BA N DE VE L O PM E NT /0
,,c o n t e n tM D K:2 3 1 7 2 8 8 7 ~ p a g e P K:2 1 0 0 5 8 ~ p i PK:2 1 0 0 6 2 ~ t he Si t e PK:3 3 7 1 7 8 ,0 0 .h t m l
Wa s t e m a n a g e m e nt : F a c t s h e e t h t t p :/ / w w w.g dr c .o r g /u e m /w a st e /w a st e f a c t s he e t .h t m l
R i si ng p r o sp e ri t y a n d t h e i n c r e a si ng u r b a ni sa ti o n o f t h e w o rl d p o p ul a ti o n
c o ul d l e a d t o a d o u b l ing i n t h e v o l um e o f m u ni ci p a l s o l i d w a s t e (M S W)
c r e a t e d a n n u a l l y b y 2 0 2 5 , a c c o r di ng t o n e w r e s e a r c h c o n duc t e d b y t h e
Wo r l d Wa t c h I n sti t u t e - a n i n d e p e n d e nt r e s e a r c h o r g a ni sa ti on d e d i c a t e d t o
g l o ba l e n v i ro nm e nt a l c o nc e rn s. h t t p :/ / w ww .w a st e - m a n a g e m e nt w o rl d .c o m /a r ti cl e s/ 2 0 1 2 / 0 7 /gl o ba l - m uni ci pa l - so l id - wa st e - to - d o ubl e - by 2 0 2 5 .h t m l
Wa s t e M a n a g em e nt a n d r e c y cl i ng i n A si a p r o v i de s a n o v e rv i ew o f t h e i s su es
a n d i nd us t r y h t t p :/ / w w w .r e v e n t ur e p a r k .c o m /upl o a ds /1 _ C WR _ A R T _ 1 1 .p d f
PLASTICS
Graphs and data for plastics http://www.containerrecycling.org/index.php/plastic -data
PET is polyethylene terephthalate . PET is the plastic labeled
with the #1 code . Many beverages, food items and other
consumer products are delivered in bottles or packages made
from PET. The #1 code is usually found on or near the bottom
of the container.
Used to make new bottles, recycled PET can also be made into
fiber for carpets; fabric for t -shirts or fleece jackets; fiberfill for
sleeping bags, winter coats, and dog beds; industrial
strapping; sheet and thermoformed (clam shell) packaging;
and automotive parts such as headliners, bumpers, and door
panels.
UBIQUITOUS PLASTICS
Statistics and information about the issue of plastics and
recycling in Australia
http://www.cleanup.org.au/au/Campaigns/plastic -bagfacts.html
Clean Up – Plastic bag usage around the world
http://www.cleanup.org.au/PDF/au/cua_plastic_bag_usage_ar
ound_world_april_2010.pdf
Bottled water: Pouring resources down the drain
http://www.container-recycling.org/index.php/issues/bottled water/276-bottled-water-pouring-resources-down-the-drain-
ELECTRONICS --- E WASTE
Electronic trash contains an enormous amount of toxic
materials.
Facts and figures on e -waste and recycling Facts and figures
http://www.electronicstakeback.com/wp content/uploads/Facts_and_Figures_on_EWaste_and_Recyclin
g.pdf
Statistics on the management of used & end -of-life electronics
http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/materials/ecycling/manag
e.htm
Cell phones -- next to computers &monitors , cell phones are
becoming one of the leading sources of electronic trash
http://www.benefits -of-recycling.com/recyclingcellphones /
PAPER RECYCLING
Confederation of European Paper I ndustries Key statistics are
included for 2013 which include recycling data begins on
page 19. You may want to review earlier data for
background.
http://www.cepi.org/system/files/public/documents/publicatio
ns/statistics/2014/Final%20Key%20statistics%202013.pdf
European Recovered Paper Council includes the European
Declaration on Paper Recycling for 2011 – 2015. Using the
Paper Monitoring Recycling Report , you will get an overview of
the industry as well as a map of countries and the organization
that provides data.
http://www.forestindustries.fi/mediabank/882.pdf
INTERNATIONAL RECYCLING
Bureau of I nternational Recycling. The Ferrous metals (steel ) and
Paper provides excellent statistics. Other areas indicated
password protection. The web site still provides an overview.
http://www.bir.org/industry/ferrous -metals/
Bureau of I nternational Recycling A nnual Report 2013 has some
data but gives an excellent ov erview of the industry
http://www.bir.org/assets/Documents/publications/Annual Reports/BIR-AnnualReport2013-V07.pdf
Eurostat Data Point to Recycling I ncrease
http://www.recyclinginternational.com/recycling news/6178/research -and-legislation/europe/eurostat -data-pointrecycling -increase
Scientists: Origins of Ocean Plastics Can be Traced
http://www.recyclinginternational.com/recycling news/8146/research -and-legislation/australia/scientists -originsocean-plastics-can-be-traced
MORE – INTERNATIONAL
RECYCLING
Chemicals and hazardous waste: Three conventions convene
in Geneva. This site provides information about international
laws and participants.
http://www.bafu.admin.ch/dokumentation/medieninformation
/00962/index.html?lang=en&esgi -id=48429
Basel Agreement on the control of transboundary movements
and hazardous wastes and their disposal. Provides
background information.
http://legal.un.org/avl/ha/bcctmhwd/bcctmhwd.html
Geo-Mexico, the geography and dynamics of modern Mexico
includes information on a new bio -energy project in Monterrey
which will reduce emissions by the equivalent of a million tons
of CO2. The World Bank is helping to finance the project.
http://geo-exico.com/?tag=recycling
INTERNATIONAL RECYCLING –
STILL MORE
“Assessment of the Recycling Potential of Aluminum in Japan,
the United States, Europe and China” from Materials
Transactions, Vol. 50 #3, (2009), pp. 650 -656. Gives insight into
the increase of aluminum usage and the subsequent need for
recycling. Note the references at the end of the article.
https://www.jim.or.jp/journal/e/pdf3/50/03/650.pdf
Highest recycling rates in Austria and Germany – but UK and
Ireland show fastest increase contains data/statistics for
individual country reports
http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/managing -municipalsolid-waste
INDIA & RECYCLING
The Himalayas and trash
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/develo
pmental -issues/Mountain -of-trash-may-be-driving-Himalayasto-disaster/articleshow/41913815.cms?prtpage=1
India and plastics
http://www.plasticsnews.com/article/20130501/news/13050999
8/india-reports-plastic-waste-and-recycling-statistics#
Mumbai (Dhavari), I ndia: A Recycling Miracle
http://sustainablebusinessforum.com/sbtoolkit/73201/india -sdharavi-recycling-slumdog-entrepreneurs and also
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7354977.stm
Attero ready to 'fill the gap' in India's e -cycling
http://www.recyclinginternational.com/recycling -news/8145/escrap-and-batteries/india/attero -ready-039-fill-gap-039-india039-s-e-cycling
SWEDEN & RECYCLING
“A Cross-Country Study of Household Waste Prevention and
Recycling: Assessing the effectiveness of Policy Instruments” by
Ferrara and Missios. Land Economics, November 2012, 88 (4):
710-744.
“Municipal Waste Management in Sweden.” Leonidas Milios.
Feb. 2013. Copenhagen Resource Institute, http://www.cri.dk /
Sweden is hungry for trash and has turned to Norway for an
offer it would find hard to refuse, no pun intended. Sweden is
asking its neighbor for trash. Sweden's success is Sweden's
problem. Sweden is a model recycler. Thanks to a highly
efficient waste management system in Sweden, the vast
majority of this household waste can be recovered or reused
http://phys.org/news/2012 -10-sweden-norway-trashlots.html#jCp
RESOURCES
 U. S. Environmental Protection Agency http://www.epa.gov /
 Natural Resources Defense Council –Recycling
http://www.nrdc.org/recycling/
 National Center for Electronics Recycling
www.electronicsrecycling.org/public/
 Bureau of I nternational Recycling www.bir.org
 European Environmental Agency www.eea.europa.eu/
 For individual countries
http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/managing municipal-solid-waste
 United Nations Environmental Programme www.unep.org
 Waste management World http://www.waste-managementworld.com/index.html
RESOURCES
These resources can be used for further research:
 http://tryc2.com/e -waste-recycling/
 http://www.georgetowncollege.edu/georgetonian/2014/03/stud
ent-explains-sustainability -initiative/
 http://www.coexploration.org/howsthewater/html/body_earth.h
tml
 http://www.clean-energy-ideas.com/energy/energy dictionary/recycling -definition

 http://www.economist.com/node/9249262
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recycling_by_product
ORT LIBRARY RESOURCE
Ort Library home page http://www.frostburg.edu/lewis -ortlibrary/ Use OneSearch found on the. Remember to use the
limiters found on the left of the screen.
Geography specific subject guide will provide databases,
reference materials, eBooks, and websites
http://libguides.frostburg.edu/geog
For the library catalog use http://www.frostburg.edu/lewis -ortlibrary/ and click on catalog. Remember that you can click on
FSU for materials in our collection or USMAI catalog for
materials within the system libraries.
Citation information can be found at
http://www.frostburg.edu/lewis -ort-library/style/
THE NEXT STEP – DATA & MAPPING
If you have any questions, please contact:
MaryJo A. Price ---- mprice@frostburg.edu 301 -687-4889
Stop at the Reference Desk, floor 2 or call 301 -687-4424
Use Libref or Ask a Librarian -- libref@frostburg.edu
Use AskUsNow, reference chat service --- Click on link on library
home page
Confer with Dr. Kessler throughout the assignment for assistance
including access to the PowerPoint.