International Conference and Exhibition on Logistics and Supply Chain
Trade Logistics in Central Asia
22 Nov 2011, Lahore (Pakistan)
Mr. Max EE
Principal Consultant
Contents
1. Introduction of CAREC
2. CAREC Member Countries
3. CAREC Corridors
4. Implications for Pakistan
2
The Central Asia Regional
Economic Cooperation, or
CAREC, Program is a partnership
of 10 countries, supported by 6
multilateral institutions, working
together to promote development
through cooperation, leading to
accelerated growth and poverty
reduction.
CAREC’s 6 multilateral partners are:
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
European Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (EBRD)
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Islamic Development Bank (IsDB)
United Nations Development Programme
World Bank
Priority areas
CAREC helps Central Asia and its
neighbors realize their significant
potential by promoting regional
cooperation in four priority areas:
• Transport
• Trade Facilitation
• Trade Policy
3
• Energy
CAREC and PIFFA
Corridor Performance Measurement
and Monitoring (CPMM)
A regional study on the time and cost for
cargo transportation in Central Asia.
Objectives
• To estimate the time and cost of
goods movement in Central Asia
• To identify the bottlenecks in
transport corridors
• To promote regional cross
border trade and transport
4
CPMM Data Collection
Yes
Drivers
PIFFA
CAREC
Questions?
No
Accept Data
5
Time/Cost – Distance Analysis
Day 4
Sea transport
$400
Day 3
$300
Day 2
$200
Day 1
$100
Wait at
sea port
Transport
to sea port
Wait at border
crossing/change
transport mode
Transport to border
500 km
1000 km
1500 km
2000 km
6
Central Asia – Micro View
7
Central Asia – Macro View
8
CAREC Member Countries
Azerbaijan
Afghanistan
China
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyz Republic
Mongolia
Pakistan
Turkmenistan
Tajikistan
Uzbekistan
9
Key Indicators
Afghanistan
Azebaijan
China
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyz
Republic
Mongolia
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Population
(millions)
34.38
9.04
1,338.00
16.31
5.36
Real GDP (Billions,
USD)
$11.75
$51.09
$5,878.00
$142.98
$4.61
GDP Per CapitaRead GDP %
Growth
$341.77
3.40%
$5,651.55
5.00%
$4,393.12
10.30%
$8,766.40
7.00%
$860.07
-1.40%
2.75
173.59
6.87
5.04
28.16
$6.08
$174.80
$5.64
$21.07
$38.98
$2,210.91
$1,006.97
$820.96
$4,180.56
$1,384.23
6.10%
4.40%
3.80%
8.10%
8.50%
Source : ADB, World Bank, IMF
10
Key Indicators
Export (Billions, Import (Billions,
USD)
USD)
Afghanistan
$0.40
$3.33
Azebaijan
$14.68
$6.11
China
$1,201.00
$1,066.00
Kazakhstan
$43.19
$28.40
Kyrgyz Republic $1.17
$2.97
Mongolia
$1.67
$2.41
Pakistan
$17.55
$31.58
Tajikistan
$0.90
$2.56
Turkmenistan $2.15
$5.22
Uzbekistan
$5.34
$8.07
Ease of Doing
Business
167
54
79
59
44
73
83
139
N.A.
150
Source : ADB, World Bank, IMF
11
Trading Across Border
Export
Import
Documents Time (Days) Cost (USD) Documents Time (Days) Cost (USD)
Countries
Afghanistan
10
74
$3,545
10
77
$3,830
Azebaijan
8
38
$2,905
10
42
$3,405
China
8
21
$500
5
24
$545
Kazakhstan
9
76
$3,130
12
62
$3,290
Kyrgyz
8
63
$3,210
9
72
$3,450
Republic
Mongolia
8
46
$2,265
8
47
$2,400
Pakistan
7
21
$660
8
18
$705
Tajikistan
11
82
$3,850
9
83
$4,550
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
10
71
$3,150
11
92
$4,650
Source : Doing Business 2012, World Bank
12
1. Western
Europe-Western
China Corridor
1. Steel products, coal and sulphur are some products
commonly exported to the south (CIS) and east (PRC) of
Kazakhstan.
2. East-West
Corridor
3. North-South
Corridor
4. TransMongolian
Corridor
Road Transport
336 km
736 km
4. Common items transported are cosmetics,
food, medicine, and spare parts.
Rail Transport
Transit : 1,100 km, $2810, 12-14 days
Route : Naushki-Sukhbaatar-TolgoitZamyn Uud – Erlian- Tianjin
Products : Wood/Timber
Carriage : 60-70 tons using rail wagons
Import : 1,700 km, $3670, 10-14 days
Route : Tianjin-Erlian-Zamyn Uud-UB
Products : Manufactured Goods, Food
Carriage : 20” or 40” Containers
Export: 1,700 km, $2231, 10-14 days
Route : UB-Zamyn Uud – Erlian- Tianjin
Products : Minerals, Cashmere, Copper
Cathodes
Carriage : 20” or 40” Containers
5. Southern
Corridor
1. VOC is very high in TAJ. For a distance of
600-700km, the VOC is $2,000.
2. In AFG, NATO can
sometimes stop traffic
causing delays.
6. Northwest
Corridor
1. In AFG, the most heavily
used route is Hayratan-KabulTorkham. Traffic is both ways.
The distance spans 600700km, costs $2,500 and takes
1-2 days.
2. In the Hayratan-KabulTorkham route, common item is
scrap iron. In the opposite
direction, the common item
carried is perishables(food).
Results of CPMM Study
Common Products Shipped Across Central Asia
CC02 Vegetables
CC16 Machineries
CC13 Industrial Materials
CC11 Textiles
CC15 Base Metals
CC20 Manufactured Items
CC17 Vehicles
CC04 Food and Beverages
CC12 Shoes
CC09 Wood
CC22 Mized Cargoes
CC06 Chemicals
CC07 Plastics
CC05 Minerals
CC01 Animals
CC03 Animal Fats
CC08 Hides and Skins
CC18 Instruments
CC10 Pulp and Paper
CC14 Precious Stones
16.6%
13.3%
10.3%
10.1%
9.7%
7.5%
5.6%
4.2%
3.8%
3.6%
3.3%
3.2%
2.9%
1.6%
1.3%
1.2%
0.7%
0.5%
0.4%
0.2%
24
Results of CPMM Study
Comparisons of Speed by Corridors
Corridors
Corridors
25
Results of CPMM Study
Comparisons of Speed vs Reliability
26
Implications for Pakistan
Transport
Logistics
Terminals
Investment
Sectors
27
1. Transport
1. Most CAREC member
countries are landlocked and do not
access to seaports.
2. Can Pakistan serve as
a transit country for
Central Asia?
3. What Pakistan need to
provide, invest and
improve to attract more
goods flowing through
the country?
28
2. Logistics Terminals
1. Where are the bottlenecks in
Pakistan transport corridors?
2. Can the construction of new
logistics terminals and
facilities relieve the
bottlenecks?
3. Can one-stop service (single
window) for customs
clearance be achieved at
border crossing points?
29
3. Investment
1. There are many investment
opportunities now in Central
Asia.
2. Examples : Multi-modal
logistics terminals, railways
rolling stocks, special
economic zones (SEZs).
3. How can Pakistan private
companies capture this
historical opportunity?
4. Can Public-Private
Partnership (PPP) be the
way forward?
30
4. Sectors
1. Attractive Investment /
Collaboration areas include :
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Agricultural
Mining
Real Estate
Retail
Consumer Goods
Security Services
Hospitality / Entertainment
Trading (Import / Export)
Transport / Freight Forwarding
31
Thank You!
Max Ee
Supply Chain Consultant
SCM Analytics Pte Ltd
Contact : +65 8138 8700
Email: satica@pacific.net.sg