International Panorama of
Electromobility R&D
Jean-Charles Jacquemin
FUNDP (Namur)
March 31st 2011
(Presentation version : March 30 2011)
Presentation
1. What panorama ? Reminder
2. Panorama 1 : Main trends and synthetic
results
3. Conclusions
4. Access to the knowledge base via I’net
1. What panorama ?
Reminder :
Global vision
and
« holistic » survey
given interactions between:




Techniques
Managerial aspects
Sociopolitical aspects
Economic issues
Difficulties : exponential growth of the number of relevant
informations : this slideshow is a summary of summaries of …
Answer :
Creation of a
Content Management System (CMS) to structure
a knowledge base.
Access to this CMS via Internet for the Be.eV
members (see 4. infra)
2. Panorama 1 : Main Trends
Synthetic Results
Technology
Electricity storage
(1/68)
Trend 1
A confirmation of significative
progresses in battery capacities
(and a correlative decrease in their
cost) (cf P0) but also a growing
interest for hybridization with
supercapacitors to get bacitors, the
best of both worlds
Trend 2
New technologies (3D
nanostructures, solid state, printing,
…) to increase the energy density,
the charge/discharge efficiency, …
Technology
(3/68)
Electricity storage : Batteries (1/8) :
From Tesla CEO Elon Musk :
“Batteries Aren’t The Future”
Progress in specific energy
1. The specific energy of EVs batteries increases :
Targets to be verified in several prototypes (Saab epower, Mazda Axela,
…, etaxis, …) include a projected driving range of 200 kilometers
through the use of high density energy storage in lithium-ion
battery cells.
As an example Envia Systems (link) states that “By putting more energy
in each battery, the number of batteries required decreases – by
50% in Envia’s case, dramatically reducing the overall cost of the
application..“
Technology
(4/68)
Electricity storage : Batteries (2/8) :
Significative Progress in (dis)charging time of batteries
2. The use of 3D nano structures to give capacitor-like power with batterylike energy. "Braun, a professor of materials science and engineering at the
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, states : "Most capacitors store
very little energy. They can release it very fast, but they can't hold much.
Most batteries store a reasonably large amount of energy, but they can't
provide or receive energy rapidly. This does both."
Braun's group wraps a thin film into three-dimensional structure, achieving
both high active volume (high capacity) and large current. (link)
They have demonstrated battery electrodes that can charge or discharge in
a few seconds, 10 to 100 times faster than equivalent bulk electrodes, yet
can perform normally in existing devices.
Trend 3
Propositions and business moves to
decrease the cost of batteries :
Second life market and Large scale
stationary electricity storage.
Technology
(5/68)
Electricity storage : Batteries (3/8) :
Markets for the Second life of batteries
3. Second life of batteries : ENERDEL partners with ITOCHU for a second
smart grid project in apartment building in Tokoyama, with the intent to
develop a secondary market to lower battery costs for automotive
buyers (p.34 in link)
This development of a secondary market is considered as very important to
decrease the TOC of Evs. (See also recycling) As well as :
Technology
(6/68)
Electricity storage : Batteries (4/8) :
Stationary storage to decrease the costs and increase efficiency
4. The addition of a robust stationary energy storage market offers
the opportunity to drive down the unit cost for mobile energy storage.
This is a trend that encompasses two different market areas (automotive and
electrical power) that could be mutually beneficial. (link)
Several scientific congresses have concluded that specific policies should focus
on this trend and encourage large scale stationary storage to decrease (trough
economies of scale) the battery costs while allowing a better management of
renewable electricity sources. (link)
Trend 4
Prototypical metal-air batteries
close to the energy density that
petroleum products currently
provide.
Technology
(7/68)
Electricity storage : Batteries (5/8) :
Metal-air better than fossil fuels ?
5. An ever increasing interest on metal-air batteries :
The look forward came at the 10X Advanced Battery R& D Conference held in
Santa Clara, California, January 10 – 12. The Metal-Air batteries offer some
phenomenal energy densities (hence the 10X conference title) that could
significantly increase the range and bring down the cost of on-board energy
storage for future electric vehicles. An example was presented of a 100kg
battery pack that could provide enough energy for a 700km range.
Mobile applications of Metal-air batteries are very attractive as they come
close to the energy density that petroleum products currently
provide. (link) (to compare to the DBM data with a LMP battery).
Trend 5
Practical progresses in battery
recycling but a political question
about the rent distribution
between the manufacturer, the
consumer and the recycler.
Technology
(8/68)
Electricity storage : Batteries (6/8) :
Recycling : the closed loop and the rent distribution problem
6. A new value chain and a rent distribution problem
Through their partnership Tesla and Umicore (se also new partnerships) intend
to "take the lead in developing a closed loop battery recycling system"
As stated by Tesla : “Umicore’s factory plants are able to recycle our batteries
into completely reusable materials and substantially reduce the carbon footprint
of manufacturing Lithium-ion batteries. The Umicore battery recycling
technology is able to save at least 70 percent on CO2 emissions at the recovery
and refining of these valuable metals. (…). This is not only an attractive process
for Tesla from an environmental aspect, but it also provides a high margin
of return.” (link)
So, who has paid for the new battery ? Is he paid for the true value of its used
battery ?
Trend 6
Research on batteries is federating
in the US and EU with precise
progress objectives.
Technology
(9/68)
Electricity storage : Batteries (7/8) :
Research (1/2) In the US :
Fundamental research on batteries is now on track as an example the
Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies (BATT) Program is the
premier fundamental research program in the U.S. for developing highperformance. It proceeds by quarterly reports of progress towards
milestones themselves based on the USABC goals. LBNL to Chair 4th
Symposium on Energy Storage: Beyond Li Ion at PNNL
June 7-9, 2011 (link)
Technology
(10/68)
Electricity storage : Batteries (8/8) :
Research (2/2) and in the EU :
The creation in Europe of a battery research consortium under the
project SOMABAT.
Numerous partners, among them Umicore and University of Liège, will
investigate ways to produce working prototype lithium polymer batteries
with the primary goals set to decrease environmental impact, increase
stability and enhance performance.
The 36 month project, is aspiring to produce a battery with an energy
density of up to 220 Wh/kg and a final cost less than $208/kWh
(€150/kWh), incorporating recyclable solid components.
The European Commission is supplying $5.1 million (€3.7 million) of the
total $7 million (€5.04 million) project cost. (link)
Technology
(11/68)
Electricity storage : Fuel Cells :
New tests
1. Mercedes has announced that its B-class F-Cell
will be driven around the world to promote
hydrogen fuel cell powered cars. (link)
2. Fuel-cell etrucks are tested in California. (link). As
well as transit buses like the Proterra bus (infra).
Technology
(12/68)
Electricity storage : Other devices : Carbide derived carbon(1/3)
1. "Skeleton Technologies, an energy-storage start-up based in Tartu, Estonia,
has been awarded a US patent on its nanoporous carbon powder
supercapacitor material. : (link1)
Today, the energy density and maximum power of Skeleton Technologies'
ultracapacitors reach 13 Wh/L and 70 kW/L respectively: roughly a 50%
higher energy density and 4× higher power density.
The technology permits to deliver the same performance as competition, but
at a lower price and in a smaller, more compact form-factor. Today, the
price of quality carbon is USD 20/kg; the target price for a superior
performance carbide-derived carbon is USD 10/kg.
The supercapacitors have passed initial tests by industry experts and major
corporations and Skeleton Technologies plans to enter production for the
market by 2013."
Technology
(13/68)
Electricity storage : Other devices : Bacitors (supercabatteries),
etc. (2/3)
2. Taiyo Yuden in Japan and others have recently announced lithium
bacitors with improved properties. (link) :
Combining the strength of lithium-ion secondary batteries with conventional
Electric Double Layer Capacitors (EDLC)s, this next-generation energy
device offers an energy density 4 to 10 times greater than EDLCs.
Taiyo Yuden's Hybrid LIC (Cylindrical Lithium Ion Capacitor) boasts the key
features of batteries (high voltage and high energy) while maintaining
the traditional characteristics of capacitors (rapid charge/discharge,
high durability, safety and environmental friendliness).
Technology
(14/68)
Electricity storage : Other devices : Solid-state. (3/3)
Planar Energy is one such company who has produced a solid state
battery to rival traditional li-ions.
This advanced solid-state battery technology has three times the energy
density of current li-ion batteries, costing less than half the price
per kilowatt-hour.
The researchers have confirmed that (...) the inorganic, solid state materials
used by Planar create a stable, longer-lasting unit than convential Li-Ion
batteries. The company says that Streaming Protocol for Electroless
Electrochemical Deposition (SPEED) is "a low-cost, high-speed, roll-to-roll
deposition process, which is significantly more flexible and scalable than
existing deposition methods". (...). This process will enable manufacturers to
reduce costs by more than 50 percent whilst increasing capacity by 200-300
percent. Applying this to the automotive industry allows for a decrease in
cost and increase in the practicality of EVs. (...) " (link1)
Technology
(15/68)
Recharging : Standards (1/2)
1. A British report, dated June 2010, on the Current Situation and Future
Direction of Electric Vehicle Charger Standards by the SMMT (Society of
Motor Manufacturers and Traders Ltd) concludes (p.16 in file, link),
concludes :
- The SAE J1772 vehicle inlet and vehicle connector are rapidly becoming
the accepted charging connector for the US and are likely to become
mandated by Californian legislation in the near future.
- SAE J1772 compliant vehicle inlets and vehicle connectors are already
available from at least one supplier, with other suppliers due to begin
production by the end of 2010.
- Whilst the SAE J1772 vehicle inlet and vehicle connector provide an
excellent solution for the US market, where three phase electrical supply is
not commonly available and where it is common practice for the charge
cable to form part of the charging point, they do not provide an ideal
solution for Europe.
Technology
(16/68)
Recharging : Standards (2/2)
- The IEC 62196-2 Type 2 vehicle inlet, vehicle connector, outlet socket and
plug appears to
a better solution
Recharging
: offer
Standards
(2/ for the European market, permitting
single or three phase charging at up to 70A.
- IEC 62196-2 Type 2 vehicle inlets, vehicle connectors, outlet sockets and
plugs are already available from at least one supplier, with other suppliers
due to begin production by the end of 2010. The European Automobile
Manufacturers Association (ACEA) favour the IEC 62196-2 Type 2 connector.
- The main obstacle to the adoption of the IEC 62196-2 Type 2 connector as
the standard European charge connector is that some European countries
have national building codes/regulations on electrical installation which
require electrical contacts to be "shuttered" and the IEC 62196-2 Type 2
connector specification does not include "shutters".
- The IEC 62196-2 Type 3 vehicle inlet, vehicle connector, outlet socket and
plug may provide a solution as they have the necessary "shutters" and
permit single or three phase charging at up to 32A."

Technology
(17/68)
Recharging : Prospective
2. A study presented by the Energy Harvesting Journal (link) states :
About $2.3 billion will be spent on plug in charging stations at ex factory
prices in 2015. However, in contrast to the market for the vehicles, the
market for their charging stations is greatly dominated by car versions.
The non-car charging station business will peak in numbers in 2019 and
value in 2017. There are several reasons.
- Innovation is slower with cars
- Batteries with longer range reduce the need for charging stations
Global demand for charging stations using contacts to the vehicle will
quintuple in the next decade to reach over $20 billion including installation.
East Asia takes 40% of the EV charging station market by value in 2021.
However other devices of energy harvesting are gaining efficiency like
energy harvesting shock absorbers.
Trend 7
A recurrent question : how to avoid
public overexpenditure in public
charging stations, as private agents
should take the initiative. However
PPP are recommended to start the
process.
Technology
(18/68)
Recharging : Prospective : Are public charging points necessary ?
3. The assessment of the MINI-E leasing experiment by BMW gives somes
insights on the charging behavior of the leasees (link) :
" In its 14 month Mini-E test lease program, involving two groups of 40
drivers, two-thirds of participants only ever charged their two-seat
all-electric mini at home. (...) While most of the participants in the trail
had begun their short lease believing that public charge points were
absolutely essential to the future success of electric cars most discovered
that the 100 mile range per charge offered by the Mini-E was more than
enough for daily use.
The participants did acknowledge however, that some of their
electric car charging behavior was formed by a lack of public
charging infrastructure. (…)
A lack of charging outside of the home didn’t cause Mini-E leasees to leave
their cars at home though: drivers reported that despite having severe
range anxiety at the start of the trail they soon discovered the Mini-E could
provide enough charge for all but the most demanding of trips."
Trend 8
The offer of sophisticated services
with charging points for EV drivers,
charge point owners, grid
managers, … and a preoccupation
to integrate all the different
systems in the cloud charging of
EVs.
Technology
(19/68)
Recharging : by wire : Vehicle to grid communications :
Car manufacturers partner to standardize the interfaces
1. Mercedes-Benz is spearheading advanced new technology that allows
electric cars to talk directly with the national grid to enable cheaper and
more efficient charging of EVs. This technology is also using a smartphone
or iPad app, to inform the grid when the vehicle will be used next.
Mercedes is now leading a research group that includes representatives
from all major German and French manufacturers, Detroit’s Big Three and
Toyota to make this vehicle to grid communications interface standard on all
future EVs from these companies. (link)
Technology
(20/68)
Recharging : by wire : where ?
2. An IBV (IBM Institute for Business Value) study shows that :
"Home charging is considered important to the success of EVs. "It is
crucially important that we build an infrastructure that can charge vehicles
where their owners park them for extended periods of time – whether that
is at home or at work, school, or the store."
Where to put those charging stations?
"When deciding where to put charging stations, retail hubs like malls and
shopping centers are good locations. "t's easy to envision charging stations
in these commercial locations coupled with an advertising and
promotion-based business model for local stores – which will help
make the economics more feasible."
Partnering with large employers in target regions to create charging
infrastructure in the workplace also makes sense, Gyimesi added." (link)
Technology
(21/68)
Recharging : by wire : new services
3. Sophisticated services are seen as a must with the charging
stations, an example with the Leviton director of business development
(link).
Leviton enlisted Charge Point Network Support Services, a product of
Coulomb Technologies of California.
Needs :
- to find charging stations easily
- to reserve charging time at a station via computer or smartphone
- to use Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) cards to access the power
station, which is locked until the charging provider allows access
- or to dial an 800 number that is printed on the charging station to order a
charging session
CPNSS offers a lots of other valuables services using the capabilities of the
cellular organization and of RFID chips.
Technology
(22/68)
Recharging : by wire : centralized management and charging
services
4. Bosch proposes an integrated e-mobility solution using ICT between the
EV driver and its chargers to offer a great flexibility of choice for the driver
and other actors. (link) Siemens does the same (link)
The German Walther corporation presents its offer of charging solutions
(file). Walther also offers a centralized payment system capable of ensuring
its own control for 3 to 20 prepaid recharge points.
This new solution will be presented by Walther at the show EVER, from 31
March to 3 April in Monaco." (link)
Trend 9-1
Lot of so-called anxieties so far
identified : charge, …
Technology
(23/68)
Recharging : by wire : Charge anxiety
5. Charge anxiety may lead to impatience about the availabilty of fast
chargers. Some have already hacked their Leaf EVSE level 1 to charge faster
in a Level 2 mode 240V 32 A. (link)
Technology
(24/68)
Recharging : by wire : first CHADEMO certification in Europe
6. The Dutch Epyon is the first manufacturer to receive the CHADEMO
certification in Europe for its new multi-port EV fast chargers (link)
Trend 10
A growing interest for induction
charging to ease the life of EV
owners with a significative
progresses both in charging
efficiency and in induction for
moving vehicles.
Technology
(25/68)
Recharging wireless : induction charging
1."Liberty Electric Cars works by engineering electric propulsion into existing
vehicle platforms, replacing the internal combustion engine with electrical
power via four on-board motors (one per wheel). The new technology can
also allow for wireless charging where the car is simply parked over an
induction plate and charges automatically without the need for plugs or
power leads." (link)
2. "Rolls-Royce has revealed its all-electric 102EX Phantom – and if it makes
production, the firm’s demanding customers will be able to juice it up
wirelessly. Clever induction charging technology means drivers will simply
have to park their limo over a special pad. This revives the 71kWh battery
pack with no need for cables. A full charge will take eight hours, and give
a range of 124 miles." (link)
Technology
(26/68)
Recharging wireless : induction charging
3. "Google latest project was announced Monday March 21st and Google says
it has installed a wireless electric car charger, developed by a company
called Evatran, to charge up plug-in cars on its Mountain View, Calif.
campus. Currently the prototypes are getting just under 80 percent
efficiency says Evatran, but the company says it will only bring a product to
market with 90 percent efficiency.(...). Evatran also told last year that the
Plugless Power devices would cost around $3,800 and would go on sale
April 2011 ." (link)
4. Some forecasts : "In a few years down the road, the plug-free electric
vehicle charging industry could become substantial and wireless
charging is already starting to become more mainstream for gadgets. Global
shipments of gadgets capable of proximity charging are estimated to jump
nearly 70 times by 2014 from the 3.5 million units expected to sell this year,
according to research firm iSuppli.." (link)
Technology
(27/68)
Recharging wireless : induction charging for a moving EV
5. Bombardier Introduces PrimoveCity E-Mobility System (link)
PrimoveCity utilizes the PRIMOVE technology capable of providing power
transfer for all electric vehicles. Using inductive energy transfer, PRIMOVE
equipment mounted under the vehicle generates power from cables creating
a magnetic field placed under the ground's surface.
The system only energizes when it is fully covered by the vehicle. Vehicle
and wayside components are designed to meet all applicable safety
standards. Reliable performance is ensured, even under adverse weather
and ground conditions such as snow, rain, ice, sand or water.
Bombardier will present its groundbreaking PrimoveCity program at the
UITP 2011 59th World Congress and Mobility & City Transport Exhibition
taking place in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, next April, 11-14.
Trend 11
Battery swapping for cars and
trucks is more than an idea.
Technology
(28/68)
Wireless recharging : Battery swapping (1/3)
1. By implementing BES (battery exchange stations) the
accommodation of renewables in the charging mix is considerably
easier than by using FCS (fast charge stations).(link)
2. Battery swapping and exchange seems to be added as an option
with the purchase of an EV in order to amortize the cost of the batery
over time and reduce the risk of the technological obsolescence of the
battery. . (link)
3. Renault limits battery swapping to Danemark and Israël for the
time being. (link) Prices schemes "all inclusive" are known for the Danish
buyers of the Fluence ZE, depending of the yearly anticipated distance
driven.
4. Betterplace inaugurate the first of the 40 BSS that will be installed in
Insraël this year. 9 are already completed. (link)
Inaugurating first Israël
BSS on March 24 2011
Technology
(29/68)
Wireless recharging : Battery swapping (2/3)
5. An EU Cordis project of 2.4 millions € called EASYBAT (link) has
been awarded to a consortium of partners : among them Betterplace Israël,
Renault, Continental, two German Universities, etc. " to address these
integration challenges by defining new concepts for the smart insertion of
batteries and by developing in particular generic interfaces for electric
vehicles. integration system will be developed for fully electric vehicles. (…)
EASYBAT will develop (i) generic interfaces to improve interoperability
between the battery system modules and the vehicle on board-systems and
(ii) new components for an easy & safe location and quick integration of the
battery in the vehicle. (iii) At each stage of the project, the EASYBAT
partners will assess the feasibility of the overall battery swapping concept
considering costs, logistics, and environmental aspects. Based on these
parameters, the EASYBAT system performance will be compared to
alternative solutions for EVs."
The project has a duration of 30 months starting on Jan 1st 2011 until June
30 2013.
Technology
(30/68)
Wireless recharging : Battery swapping (3/3)
6. Tesla has designed its second electric car, the Model S, to have a battery
that can be quickly taken out and swapped with a new one, with the idea
that if battery swapping becomes common for electric car drivers one day,
the Model S will be prepared, explained Tesla CTO JB Straubel at a tour of
Tesla’s Model S Alpha Build room.
Making the battery swappable also makes it easier to install on the
manufacturing line, he added. (link)
Technology
(31/68)
Electricity production by the vehicle : External energy harvesting
Piezoelectric energy harvesting roads generate power when strained in
a particular way. The devices are small but over a large area can amount to
significant power generation. In Italy and Israel trials are underway with
piezoelectric energy harvesting roads - the vibrations due to vehicle
motion are turned into electricity. In a trial by the Israeli government, 2,000
watt hours of electricity were generated on a 10 meter stretch of
highway.
However, these technologies would be best placed where a vehicle is
slowing down, otherwise the systems can lower the fuel efficiency of the
vehicle. Approaches to crossings, ramps and parking lots would be ideal
locations. (…)
Energy harvesters such as those described above meet unmet needs. For
example, powering signage or lighting on roads or in pedestrian areas can
be done by harvesting energy from the traffic or footfall near it - no
expensive infrastructure is needed. (link)
Trend 12 : types of vehicles
A multiplicity of actors, products,
research agendas, opportunities,
partnerships, policies.
A lot of world premières during
those three last months and first
experiences with real customers. (cf
P0)
Technology
(32/68)
Types of vehicles : necessity of an EU regulation
"The Commission awarded a project to TRL to review the type-approval
legislation for electric vehicles and the potential safety risks. The specific
objectives of the project were:
1. To provide recommendations on the completion of EC (and also
UNECE) type-approval requirements for electric vehicles;
2. To assess potential risks associated with electric propulsion
that are not covered by legislation, including EC and UNECE
regulations;
3. To provide recommendations on appropriate legislative action
if potential risks are identified.
The project focused on M and N category vehicles, from mild hybrids to purelyelectric vehicles. " (file)
Technology
(33/68)
Type of vehicles : 2 wheels
Prices are down (link)
Technology
(34/68)
Type of vehicles : 3 wheelers : do you need adrenaline ?
Nils Ferber EX electric drill-powered trike (link).
Technology
(35/68)
Type of vehicles : Light 4 wheelers :
The prices, types and delivery date of the Renault Twizy are known. (link)
Twizy will be sold from € 6,990 including VAT * (excluding tax incentives)
Rent for the battery : € 45 including VAT * / month (36 months, 7500 km per
year).
Technology
(36/68)
Type of vehicles : electric cars (1/5)
A.
The expected pure electric range is increasing,
While 100 miles (160 kms) was a common norm in recent years, several
new vehicles are presented with an expected range of 200 kms and more.
(examples : Saab epower, Mazda Axela, Liberty Electric E-Range (retrofit
of a Range Rover), VW Bulli (300km) … ) (link)
Technology
(37/68)
Type of vehicles : electric cars (2/5)
B.
BMW creates a new "i" sub-brand for its electric vehicles, the i3 formerly
called Megacity has been spied in tests and a more precise concept should
be revealed at the Frankfurt motor show in September.
Made largely from carbon fiber for lightness and strength, the i3 is
expected to get a four-seat layout with a 134-horsepower
electric motor driving the rear axle. A range-extended version could also be
available after initial launch." (link)
Technology
(38/68)
Type of vehicles : electric cars (3/5)
B. World premieres :
The iMiEV is on sale in UK since January 2011 (link) as well as in France (file with
specifications) as well as the Nissan Leaf.
Technology
(39/68)
Type of vehicles : electric cars (4/5)
C. The practicability of ecars is a continuous preoccupation,
some « unexpected » newcomers, the Kangoo combi and VW Bulli (link).
Technology
(40/68)
Type of vehicles : electric cars (5/6)
D. Production announcements : some examples (1/2)
Ford has announced a range of EVs for BEV to HEVs to available between end
2011 to 2013. Volvo presents its V60 Diesel PHEV (available 2012). Toyota
announces an IQ electric retrofit.
Technology
(41/68)
Type of vehicles : electric cars (6/6)
D. Production announcements : some examples (2/2)
Tata has started to assemble a batch of 1,500 Indica Vista EV supermini
models in Coventry UK on March 25. The Vista EV is a 4 seater capable of
covering 120 miles on a full charge with a potential top speed of 71 mph. It
can also manage 0-60 kph in less than 10 seconds.
The Coventry plant is essentially a location for assembly procedures – partbuilt vehicles arrive from India and then the batteries, transmission and
interior parts are added. The vehicles will go on sale to the general public at
the beginning of 2012. (link)
.
Technology
(42/68)
Type of vehicles : e-taxis
1. ZAP in joint-venture with Jonway has presented its E-taxi (link) already
distributed in South Korea.
Technology
(43/68)
Type of vehicles : e-taxis (2/3)
2. Eco City Vehicles PLC (ECV), developer and distributor of eco-friendly
commercial vehicles in Europe, has announced the launch of an all-electric
prototype of its London-licensed Mercedes Vito taxi).
Technology
(44/68)
Type of vehicles : e-taxis (3/3)
3. In January 2011, Mitsubish has announced that an electric taxi based on the
i-MiEV pure electric car would be available commercially in the second half
of 2011 for a low cost of around $24,450. Toshiba is to supply lithium ion
batteries.. (link)
Technology
(45/68)
Type of vehicles : all terrain and/or 4x4 (1/2)
With the entry of Avenport Investment in its capital , whose investment
policy is geared towards young SMEs with high potential, Electric
Car is acquiring a new partner to support its growth and development of
its VOLTEIS first 4X4 electric available on the market since February 2010.
(link)
Technology
(46/68)
Type of vehicles : all terrain and/or 4x4 (2/2)
Liberty electric cars retrofits Range Rovers. (link) And on the Volvo V60
PHEV pushing the AWD button in the centre stack activates electric fourwheel drive. Instead of the mechanical power transmission of the
conventional AWD system, the central control unit manages torque
distribution to the diesel-driven front wheels and the electrically powered
rear axle. (link)
Trend 13 :
A significative accent on
practicability and security of
electric cars, vans, taxis, ...
Technology
(47/68)
Type of vehicles : e-vans (1/2)
1. Ford announces the Ford Transit Connect full electric in collaboration with
Azure Dynamics to be available in 2011. For the specs, see file and the test
drive. (link) and Renault offers two versions of the Kangoo (ZE et Maxi
ZE).
Technology
(48/68)
Type of vehicles : e-vans (2/2)
2. Think proposes two types of e-vans :
The first, the THINK City N1 type approved for European van
homologation, carries goods up to a maximum 237 kilograms and 700-litres
in volume, and offers significant tax advantages in many markets.
The THINK Compact van follows later this year. With an increased capacity
of 900-litres and designed as part of a large tender for fleet sales to the
French Government’s UGAP program. (link)
3. Mitsubishi Motors Corp and Yamato Transport Co Ltd will start a field test of
an electric pickup and delivery vehicle prototyped by Mitsubishi Motors. (…)
The electric vehicle (EV) to be tested is based on Mitsubishi Motors' "Minicab
Van" gasoline-driven commercial light van. The company used the motor
and the lithium-ion rechargeable battery of its "i-MiEV" EV for the
prototyped EV. Mitsubishi Motors aims at an early commercialization of the
commercial electric light van. (link)
Technology
(49/68)
Type of vehicles : e-vans (3/3)
4. Goupil presents the coooling version of its electric van. Offering up to 70
km range, this version of the G3 cooling van proves to be a good
alternative to refrigerated heavy vehicles for urban deliveries. Its compact
size, 1.1 m wide, and its 3 m turning radius allow it to slip easily into the
narrow streets. It primarily targets professionals in urban logistics delivery
(for individuals, meal trays, communities ...).
Goupil G3 refrigeration is sold from € 27,900 excl.taxes ... (link)
Technology
(50/68)
Type of vehicles : light trucks
1.
In France, the Renault Maxity Electric truck will soon be available in leasing
this year. Renault Trucks has partnered with its subsidiary Clovis rental to
offer contracts with a duration of 48 months rental full service
(maintenance - tires - insurance - replacement vehicles. ...). Aimed at
downtowns, the electric version of Maxity offers a payload up to 1.5 tons
and may be driven with a simple license B. The Maxity reaches a 70 km/h
maximum speed and its lithium-ion batteries loaded in 8 hours allow a 100
km range. (link)
Technology
(51/68)
Type of vehicles : e-bus (1/4)
1.
AEV develops a E-Shuttle Bus With
Range Of 83 Miles. Early reports
indicate that the 21-foot E-Shuttle
will run on an 88.5 kWh lithium iron
phosphate battery pack which will
give the vehicle a range of about
133 km (84 miles) without the use
of air conditioning, a top speed of
80 km/h (50 mph) and consumption
of 665 Wh/km.
Note AEV is also working on a
solution for the exchange of battery
packs to be unveiled in late 2011.
(link)
Technology
(52/68)
Type of vehicles : e-bus (2/4)
2. The French company SOCIÉTÉ GRUAU
MICROBUS is a partnership between the
Groupe Bolloré and Groupe Gruau (link)
has developed an electric urban bus
using LMP batteries and supercapacitors
(link)
3. The first electric bus in service in
France was officially inaugurated on the
network CoulBus Coulommiers (77)
The electric bus is a Oreos 4X, developed
by PVI based in Seine-et-Marne. It is
equipped with a 170 kwh lithium-ion
battery. allowing an approximate range
of 120 km (at 70km/h) and can
accommodate 47 passengers. " (link)
Technology
(53/68)
Type of vehicles : e-bus (3/4)
4. Proterra Inc., a Greenville, S.C. company is producing battery-powered, fastcharging transit buses. The buses are fueled by Altairnano's lithium-titanate
battery systems and fuel cell that continouous recharge the batteries.
(...) Altairnano's fast-charge capability is what makes the Proterra bus such
an innovative green solution. The bus can run a 2 ½ hour bus route after a
single 5- to 10-minute rapid charge, and the batteries have an expected
lifespan of 12 to 15 years in any climate. These batteries are the only
commercial technology that can currently provide these capabilities. (link)
Technology
(54/68)
Type of vehicles : e-bus (4/4)
5. This idea has some success (link) : a mega-sized U-shaped ultracapacitor
could provide a low cost low tech decade of pollution-free transit
services with a double decker bus.
Technology
(55/68)
Type of vehicles : Heavy and special vehicles
In California, combinations of Fuel Cells and
batteries are used to power Class 8 heavy
trucks and tractors in order to provide clean
operations :
Vision Motor Corporation will deliver the zeroemission hydrogen fuel-cell hybrid-electric
powered big-rig and terminal tractor, which
they produced.
Each truck has battery packs that are
continually recharged by on-board hydrogen
fuel-cells. The vehicles will undergo real-world
testing for the full 18 months, encountering
typical circumstances that any comparative
diesel-fuelled vehicle would. (link)
Technology
(56/68)
E-Vehicle conception : Global engineering (1/3)
1. A Mc Kinsey study confirms that “. Driving missions—much more than
the size of vehicles—determine energy storage requirements." (link)
and that should motivate car manufacturer to better know their customer
needs.
This confirms the engineering choice made by Mia (formerly Heuliez
Friendly ). The Mia comes with a standard 8 kWh battery pack but more
packs may be added to increase the range. (link)
Technology
(57/68)
E-Vehicle conception : Global engineering (2/3)
2. Volvo and Opel both present new driving mode choices for their PHEV or
EREV's the V60 diesel PHEV and the Opel Ampera EREV.
To be mentionned : the possibility to
choose a « pure » electric mode
along with several other
possibilites. (link)
Technology
(58/68)
E-Vehicle conception : Global engineering (3/3)
3.
Your electric car can go six miles further on its battery if you use LED
headlights. (link)
"Jonathan Dunlap, the automotive lighting engineer and product marketing
manager with OSRAM SYLVANIA, says that LED (light emitting diode)
lighting can have a significant impact on an electric vehicle's range. Over
only that last 2-3 years, the efficiency of LEDs has increased to the point
where LEDs use less than 25% the energy of halogen bulbs (and this will
only get better in the coming years). So, how much extra range can an EV
get by using today's LED headlights? According to Dunlap:
An efficient LED headlamp system can extend vehicle range by nearly six
miles (9.5 km).
LEDs have additional benefits such as extremely long life (50,000 hours is
not uncommon) and vibration tolerance, meaning they can last the life of
the car. The main hurdle at this point is getting upfront costs down." (link)
Technology
(59/68)
E-Vehicle conception : new materials
New materials are developed to increase the efficiency of EVs. (link)
The move towards adoption of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) is
expected to soon gain momentum as a solution for significantly reducing the
automobile body weight. This weight-saving initiative by Toray and Daimler
would partially offset any increase in weight caused by additional safety and
comfort features or new technologies used in alternative drive systems.
Furthermore CFRP parts contribute to an increased stiffness of the vehicle
body, thereby further increasing the crash integrity of the passenger cell as
well as the comfort. (link)
Technology
(60/68)
E-Vehicle conception : Motors
1. Toyota moves away rare earths for its motors (link)) by attempting to
replace its magnet-type motor by a lighter and more
efficient induction motor. This move has been prepared by by the
government-backed New Energy and Industrial Technology Development
Organization (NEDO) and Hokkaido University. (link)
2. Note that "as a pioneer in the development of electric drive systems, AC
Propulsion (...) has been making EV motors (i.e. for the Mini E, the Tesla
roadster) without using rare earth metals for nearly 20 years. (link)
3. Yaskawa has developped a motor with good performance for slow and stop
and go driving. (link)
4. The Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry has announced its
plans to implement by 2012 energy efficiency standards for electric
motors . (link)
Trend 14 :
The renewed interest in retrofitting.
Technology
(61/68)
E-Vehicle conception :
Retrofitting (1/3)
1. Japan Post "is currently
electrifying 25% of a
22,000 vehicle fleet
with the intention of
converting 100% of the
fleet to pure EVs By
retrofitting the vehicle
with the
ENERDEL/THINK
drivetrain, the postal
service is able to retain
its existing vehicle
fleet" (link).
Technology
(62/68)
E-Vehicle conception : Retrofitting (2/3)
2. "The Japanese automotive supplier Yasukawa Electronics (...) has started
marketing the YMEV, an electrified drive train that can be fitted into
conventional cars for turning them into EVs. The internal permanent magnet
(IPM) motor and the control systems of the YMEV make it particularly
efficient in low speeds with frequent stop-and-go, such as in parcel delivery.
Zero Sports, a company very active in the conversion of cars in Japan, is
using the YMEV for the 1,000 units strong EV fleet the Japan Post has
ordered in 2010. " (link)
Technology
(63/68)
E-Vehicle conception : Retrofitting (3/3)
3. Numerous actors work in the retrofit sector. Interested people may consult
http://www.calcars.org/ice-conversions.html
Trend 15 :
The integration of IC
technologies in EVs to provide
useful services inside and with
the vehicle.
Technology
(64/68)
E-Vehicle conception : Interactivities (1/2)
1. The charging network must be offered with ICT service to facilitate the
life of EV drivers AND charging point owners. An example is given in
the Leviton director of business development interview. (link)
2. A common language in the cloud charging of EVs is necessary in
order to allow EV drivers inscribed at one network, will also be able to
charge at stations provided and serviced by another one. It might come at
a higher charging rate, but technical access will be possible. (link)
Trend 9-2
Lot of so-called anxieties so far
identified : charge, signal, …
Technology
(65/68)
E-Vehicle conception : Interactivities (2/2)
A new source of anxiety ? And a talent quest war.
3. Ford has just announced that it has chosen telecoms giant AT&T to provide
wireless connectivity to its new range of electric and plug-in cars, enabling
drivers of its 2012 Ford Focus electric car to remotely interact with their car
via an Internet portal or their smart phone.
This will enable users to check on their car’s state of charge, pre-air condition the
car and even schedule charging. In addition, the car’s permanent Internet
connection means drivers get real-time traffic information, eventually integrating
with charging networks to show which charging points are available near the car or
its destination. " (link)
But will range anxiety be accompanied by signal anxiety, the quality of
telecomunications being far from excellent everywhere ?
Moreover a talent quest for tech talents recently made Detroit the fasted
growing area for such diplomas competing with Silicon Valley (link)
Technology
(66/68)
E-Vehicle conception : Security (1/3)
1. Given the side pole impact test that caused the 2011 Mitsubishi i-Miev so
much grief in the NCAP Euro tests earlier this month (feb; 2011) (link) :
Technology
(67/68)
E-Vehicle conception : Security (2/3)
Volvo decided to put its electric C30 in this same situation which is one of the
most severe of all crash tests. (link), as well as Gordon Murray with the
smaller T.27 :
Technology
(68/68)
E-Vehicle conception : Security (3/3)
3. The European Commission, DG Enterprise and Industry commissioned a
report from TRL to review the type-approval legislation for electric vehicles
and the potential safety risks.
The specific objectives of the project were:
1.
To provide recommendations on the completion of EC (and also
UNECE) type-approval requirements for electric vehicles;
2.
To assess potential risks associated with electric propulsion that are
not covered by legislation, including EC and UNECE regulations;
3.
To provide recommendations on appropriate legislative action if
potential risks are identified. (file and link)
Economic Challenges
(1/6)
A conclusion : R. Minsk’s MIT symposium
« Transportation electrification offers the most promising pathway to a more
secure energy future, but there should be no mistaking the magnitude of
this undertaking. The existing oil infrastructure spans the globe, was created
over the course of a century, and is worth trillions of dollars. Replacing it
with an alternate infrastructure that delivers similar functionality will take
decades, which should not be surprising given that new cars routinely last
for fifteen years and new power plants are built to operate for fifty years or
more.
Without committing to electrify at least parts of our transportation
system, the burdens of oil dependence on our economy and our
national security are only likely to grow.” (file)
Trend 16 :
A political will and business moves
to avoid a dependency to Energy
Critical Elements.
Economic Challenges
(2/6)
Macroeconomic strategies :
China monopoly on rare earths exports (> 90% of world exports) used in
the EV industry poses a strategic problem of natural resources dependency
since China has decided to reduce its export quota of rare earths. See this
topic under (Socio-politicals aspects > Strategic views > Public views infra)
Economic Challenges
(3/6)
Financial risks and opportunities for consumers :
the rent distribution problem of « used » batteries
Enabling consumers to capture the residual value of automotive battery
purchases could significantly offset the higher upfront cost of purchasing a
grid-enabled vehicle. As the first generation of GEV batteries enters the
secondary use market, a value will surely be derived. If nothing else, the
recycling of battery raw materials alone will generate a notional
return on investment for consumers. More likely, battery values will be
well in excess of the recycling value given their potential use in the electric
power sector. In the meantime, however, markets are likely to undervalue
lithium-ion batteries due to their inability to assess the risk of an unknown
technology.
Therefore, governments should authorize programs to guarantee
residual value for large format automotive batteries. Compared to
the uncertainty of battery research and development, establishing a
minimum residual value would effectively buy down the cost of batteries
immediately. » (adapted from link)
«
Trend 17 : is it a trend or a
recurrent fate ?
Not better market penetration
forecasts for EVs. However the
observation that fleet begin their
electrification (even by retrofitting)
given the relatives advantages
provided by their electrification
Economic Challenges
(4/6)
Market penetration : forecasts (most interesting) (1/3)
1.
After the range, charge and signal anxiety, the delivery anxiety appeared
in the Nissan Laef customer minds due to long delays and more recently to
the earhquake in Japan . (link)
2.
According to a recent study by McKinsey, the electric drive vehicles (100%
electric and hybrid) could dominate the global automotive market in 2030
through the gradual evolution of standards for CO2 emissions. (link)
The firm relies on different assumptions on the evolution of legislation to
carry out various market analysis.
Economic Challenges
(5/6)
Market penetration : forecasts (most interesting) (2/3)
Moderate reduction - 95 g / km CO2 by 2050
In this case, the ICE vehicle maintains its supremacy heat until about 2035 before
giving way to hybrid vehicles. The plug-in hybrid could emerge in the 2040s while
the electric car would have a moderate with only 10% market share in 2050. The
fuel cell vehicles could never develop for lack of available infrastructure ...
Strong reduction - 40 g / km CO2 by 2050
Probably the most likely hypothesis.
In this case, the ICE vehicle will be predominant until 2030. After that date, electric
cars and plug-in hybrids take rapidly a large market share at the expense of
conventional vehicles. The fuel cell would be favored on large vehicles for longer
trips ...
Strict reduction - 10 g / km CO2 by 2050
Here, the thermal vehicle loses its grip in 2025 to provide market share in the
electric-powered vehicles. In the long term, the technology becomes dominant
pure electric for short trips and the fuel cell for longer distances. Hybrid cars and
plug-in hybrid technology serve only temporary and quickly yield place to the two
previously mentioned technology.
Economic Challenges
(6/6)
Market penetration : forecasts (most interesting) (3/3)
1.
A summary of US EV penetration forecasts. (link)
Management Issues
(1/14)
Marketing : Leasing
1. Swapping and leasing batteries seems to be a new business model allowing
buyers of EVs to amortize over time the cost and the technological obsolescence
risk of batteries.
"In the future, proposes Charles Gassenheimer, chairman and CEO of battery
manufacturer Ener1, electric-vehicle battery leasing should be added to the
options. “We can come up with a creative lease finance model that more
appropriately allocates [the cost of] battery use,” he said.
Currently, the battery represents up to 45 percent of the cost of an electric
vehicle. Getting that cost down will be crucial to widespread consumer
acceptance of plug-in vehicles, according to virtually all reports. (...)
Gassenheimer suggested that consumers could buy a service agreement
under which they pay $100 to $150 a month to use the battery. Every three
to five years, the battery could be swapped out. It wouldn’t go to that great
battery farm in the sky, however. It could still be used for storage . (link)
Management Issues
(2/14)
Marketing : EV car rental
The Hertz Corporation announced last year (Dec. 6 2010) that New York will be
the first city to receive electric vehicles (EV) as part company's Hertz Global EV
initiative.
"Daily rental firm Hertz has also signed a two-year 500-unit electric vehicle
supply deal with Renault. The four Renault EVs launched in the next 18
months – the Kangoo van, lower medium Fluence, Supermini Zoe and Twizy
scooter/city car – are all included in the deal.
Hertz said there will be an allocation for corporates as they’re seen as early
adopters, although couldn’t say how many cars would be devoted here.
“Our partnership with Hertz will allow the public to experience our innovative
driving technology first-hand, as well as developing their understanding of the
environmental benefits of our Renault ZE Range,” said Uwe Hochgeschurtz,
senior VP of Renault’s corporate sales division." (link1) For the original press
release, see link2.
Management Issues
(3/14)
Mobility Services : EV car sharing
1. Nice (see Panorama 0) opens its first car sharing station (link) and video :
Management Issues
(4/14)
Mobility Services : Electricity for EVs Markets
One-Stop integrated solutions for EVs and certification of renewable energy
sources
The partnership of the Renault-Nissan Alliance and The Mobility House
(Austria) intends to :“ give our EV customers in Austria and Switzerland a
competitive one-stop solution at our dealerships for all their emobility needs, including domestic charging, installation by a
certified technician, and electricity. The Mobility House will provide
seamless access to energy and energy-related services to all Renault and
Nissan EV customers anywhere anytime,” said Thomas Raffeiner, Founder
and CEO of The Mobility House.
In Austria, TMH will also provide customers with certification that
the electricity from their charging unit is derived from renewable
energy sources, making them eligible for electricity subsidies in that
market. (link) (From the press release)
Trend 18 :
Numerous new partnerships
between energy producers, car
manufacturers, telecommunication
operators, research teams, …. (Cf
P0)
Management Issues
New partnerships
(5/14)
(1/4)
1. Mercedes is now leading a research group that includes representatives from
all major German and French manufacturers, Detroit’s Big Three and Toyota
to make their vehicle to grid communications interface standard on all future
EVs from these companies. See also Technology > Recharging > Recharging
by wire > Panorama 1 (link)
2. Bolloré and Gruau have partenered to conceive and produce the microbus
Gruau electicty using LMP batteries and supercapacitors. (link) See also
Technology > Type of vehicles > ebus > Panorama1 (link)
3. Daimler (Mercedes) and Torray have partenered to mass produce CFRP auto
parts to be used in all Mercedes models starting in 2012 by using a new
production method called Short Cycle Resin Transfer Molding (SCRTM).(link)
See also Technology > EV conception >Materials> Panorama 1 (link)
4. A new research consortium has been founded around the MIT, called the MIT
Energy Initiative (MITei). Its numerous members are big energy corporations
togheter with electronic firms, electricity distribution societies, academic
institutions, etc. (link).
Management Issues
New partnerships
(6/14)
(2/4)
5. ZAP and Jonway have partenered in a JV owned for 51% by ZAP :
“Jonway Automobile’s revenues from selling its gasoline vehicles will help
build the foundation for ZAP Jonway’s growth in the electric vehicle market,
allowing ZAP to focus on further strengthening its EV technology, reinforced
by Jonway’s manufacturing production expertise and ready market access to
China,” said Dr. Priscilla Lu, founder and general partner of Cathaya Capital, a
Cross Border Fund focused on China. (link)
6. The Saab ePower is the first electric vehicle from Saab and is a result of
a private public partnership between Saab Automobile, Boston Power
(batteries), Electroengine in Sweden AB (battery management system),
Innovatum (project management), Power Circle (Sweden’s electric power
industry trade organization) and the Swedish Energy Agency (partial
financing). (link)
7. ENERDEL has developed numerous partnerships to develop its activities
Management Issues
New partnerships
(7/14)
(3/4)
EDTA, Electric Drive Transportation Association, is "the preeminent
US industry association dedicated to the promotion of electric drive as the
best means to achieve the highly efficient and clean use of secure energy in
the transportation sector." (link) It groups the main US carmakers, energy
companies, batteries and battery components manufacturers, component
suppliers, infrastructure developers, industry trade associations, defense
contractors, governemental agencies and other interest associations.
9. After a similar experience I North America, Tesla launches a battery recycling
program throughout Europe through a partnership with Umicore. It intents to
do the same in Asia. (link)
10. BMW Peugeot Citroën Electrification is the name of the new BMW PSA
partnership. "BMW Peugeot Citroen Electrification will focus on the
development and manufacture of components for hybrid vehicles (battery
packs, electrical machinery, generators, power electronics, chargers), as well
as the software for the operation of hybrid systems. (link)
8.
Management Issues
New partnerships
(8/14)
(4/4)
11. A group of large Japanese compnies, heavy-weights in EV technologies,
including NEC, Nissan, NTT Docomo, JX Nikko Nisseki Energy Group, and
Nihon Unisys, announced their intentions to work together in the “Smart
Network Project” in developing communication standards for both
networked home appliances and electric vehicles. (...) Vehicle-to-grid (V2G)
communication is therefore an important area of research in Japan. (link)
12. In January 2007, Volvo Cars and Vattenfall launched an industrial partnership
whose aim was to test and develop plug-in technology. This cross-border
initiative resulted in the foundation of a jointly owned company - V2 Plugin-Hybrid Vehicle Partnership. The V60 Plug-in Hybrid, which will be
launched on the market in 2012, is the result of this close cooperation. (link).
13. The EASYBAT consortium (link) has been awarded a grant of 2.4 millions € to
better study battery swapping, See Technology review › Recharging ›
Wireless recharging › Battery Swapping › Panorama 1
14. Renault and Hertz partner for an Ev rental initiative. See : Management
issues › Marketing strategies › Rental › Panorama
Trend 19 :
New opportunities for business :
1.
Innovative and integrated charging stations
2.
"To close the loop" with battery recycling
3.
Subscription of mobility services
4.
Integrated EV solutions for the mobility plans
of the travelers
5.
Retroffiting of vehicles
6.
More work for electricians
Management Issues
(9/14)
New Opportunities for Business (1/6)
1. Innovative and integrated charging
stations
The ECOtality’s Blink smart charging station is
an innovative charging station that will be able
to communicate with Cisco’s Home Energy
Controller. Part of the growing Smart Grid
phenomenon, the Cisco Home Energy Controller
(HEC) allows consumers to monitor and control
their home energy use. By integrating the
Blink charging stations with Cisco’s HEC, electric
car owners will be able to view and control their
electric car charging from anywhere and ensure
that their vehicle is charged at times when
there is low demand on the electricity grid,
reducing cost and carbon emissions. (link)
Management Issues
(10/14)
New Opportunities for Business (2/6)
2. "To close the loop" with battery recycling
To "close the loop" with battery recycling is seen by a new business
opportunity, see for instance (link1) the partnership between Tesla and
Kinsbursky Brothers, Inc., an environmental management company that
specializes in the management and recycling of waste materials specifically
noted for battery recycling, as well as the one with Umicore. For the Tesla
announcement, see (link2), but the appropriation of the rent of this
opportunity is a subject of debate. (link)
3. Subscription of mobility services
"Better Place opened today (March 3, 2011) together with its partner
Renault, Europe’s first Better Place center. Visitors will now be able to
experience sustainable mobility and will have the opportunity to place an
order for a Renault Fluence Z.E. with the Renault staff and sign up with the
Better Place team for a subscription of mobility services – conveniently
packaged for consumers, fleet managers and the public sector. (link)
Management Issues
(11/14)
New Opportunities for Business (3/6)
4. Intregrated EV solutions for the mobility plans of the travelers
Wattmobile is a French operator developing intregrated solutions for its
customers for their mobility plans, by promoting EV travel means. (link1)
From the Wattmobile website :
Management Issues
(12/14)
New Opportunities for Business (5/6)
5. Retroffing of vehicles
Balqon Corporation, a California-based
developer and manufacturer of zero-emissions
heavy-duty electric vehicles, lithium battery
energy storage products and electric drive
systems, has received an order from Winston
Global Energy, headquartered in Shenzhen
China, for 300 electric drive systems at a
purchase price of around $53,000 per unit.
Winston Global Energy will integrate Balqon's
electric drive systems into a fleet of buses
ranging in size from 15 to 40 passenger
capacity and market them to local private and
government fleet operators in China.. (link)
Management Issues
(13/14)
New Opportunities for Business (6/6)
6. More work for electricians
"Roughly 100 electricians turned out, some having
traveled from as far away as New Jersey to attend for
Tuesday’s seminar. The presentation featured electric
car chargers from Leviton, a Melville-based
manufacturer of electrical wiring devices. (...) “There
are a greater number of charging units that will be
placed in the home initially, because that’s the first
place you’re going to want to charge your car,” said Mr.
Mattei, Leviton’s vice president and general manager,
who owns a Chevy Volt.. “But, the opportunity on the
dollar side – if you can envision going to do a
commercial install – the product is more expensive and
it requires more labor, so the dollars are higher. It’s a
great mix, electricians can promote this to both
commercial and residential customers.” (link)
Nancy Gioia, director Ford
electrification program, using a
Levition Station to charge a Focus
Plug-in
Management Issues
(14/14)
New Risks for Business :
The Energy Critical Elements (ECE) question
Japanese companies especially Toyota and Misubishi have suffered from a
disrupted supply of rare earths caused by the reduction of the Chinese
export quota of those rare earths. They moved quickly to ensure both
alternative supplies and a technology moves to avoid using the rare earth in
motors and other components. (See infra Socio-political aspects > Strategic
views > Public views > Panorama 1 (link))”
Trend 20 :
Interesting moves in the EU policy
about EVs : EASYBAT (more
efficient battery swapping),
SOMABAT (more affordable and
efficient batteries), the transport
roadmap, … and several new
voluntary national plans.
Trend 21 :
More and more academic reports
and scientific congresses about
“Integrated Solutions for the
Transportation Electrification”
Sociopolitical Aspects
(1/13)
Strategic views : General : EU (1/2)
1. The EC has published its rolling plan for
"A EUROPEAN STRATEGY FOR CLEAN AND ENERGY EFFICIENT VEHICLES " In
particular : The European standardization bodies established a Joint Focus Group
whose task is to consider European requirements relating to electric vehicle
standardization and related issues, and assess ways to address them.
This Group will not develop standards itself but will issue a Report assessing
European needs and seeking to ensure that international standards meet
these needs, and hopes to deliver its Report by 31 March 2011 (today) (file1)
And 2., it has published its " ROAD MAP ON TRANSPORT " (28 March 2011) :
The EU executive considers ways to increase alternative means of transport,
other than oil-fuelled cars. (…) A massive shift toward electric cars and
clean vehicles is also a key objective. In order to do so, the Commission aims
at achieving “co2-free city logistics in major urban centres by 2030”.
Promoting “joint public procurement for low emission vehicles in
commercial fleets”, such as delivery vans or taxis, is also under
Sociopolitical Aspects
(2/13)
Strategic views : General : EU (2/2)
The role of the European Investment Bank
The EIB has completed the first phase of devising an appropriate lending
policy for the electric vehicles infrastructure sector. The relevant stakeholders,
their overall situation and objectives have been analysed in detail. Contacts
have been established with a number of both public and private-sector
promoters. 1 (link)
The EBI finances the development of Bolloré LMP batteries for an
amount of 130 millions € completed by a 50 millions € by the French
government (EIB press release (link1) ) (link2).
However :
“The Lisbon Strategy was just hot air.. And Strategy 2020 is no better. What
we have to fear is less to China than our organized weakness.” (P. Defraigne Le Soir)
Sociopolitical Aspects
(3/13)
Strategic views : General : the Energy Critical Elements (ECE)
Reactions to the December crisis and long term views
Sociopolitical Aspects
(4/13)
Strategic views : General : the Energy Critical Elements (ECE)
Reactions to the crisis (1/2) :
1. Diversion from Chinese exports
As an example of breaking China's monopoly, is now a major focus of EV
industry outside China. For example, Japanese trading house Toyota Tsusho
and other firms recently reached a strategic deal with India and other
countries to secure rare earths. (link)
2. Recourse to alternatives
Electric component vehicle makers are gradually designing out rare earths.
For example, the latest lithium batteries are replacing NiMH, which are best
for high-energy density, pure Evs. (link) AC Propulsions notes its builds
induction electric motors for EVs since more than 20 years without using any
rare earths. (link) Japanese car markers abandon permanent magnet motors
for induction motors.
Sociopolitical Aspects
(5/13)
Strategic views : General : the Energy Critical Elements (ECE)
Reactions to the crisis (2/2) :
3. Creation of national strategic reserves and development of strategic
policies
In Japan and USA, draft of bills where prepared to prepare the development
of domestic rare earth materials programs to address short-term scarcities
and ensure long-term supply. The House of Representatives U.S. even
passed a bill to authorize it.
(H.R. 6160, the Rare Earths and Critical Materials Revitalization Act of 2010)
(link)
Sociopolitical Aspects
(6/13)
Strategic views : National plans
1. USA : Obama’s State of the Union Speech (25 Jan. 2011) :
(...) ‘With more research and incentives, we can break our dependence on oil
with biofuels…’ (...) ‘…and become the first country to have 1 million
electric vehicles on the road by 2015. We need to get behind this
innovation’. (...) (link)
And VP J. Bidden’s statement (26 Jan. 2011) :
‘… through:
1. Generous new consumer rebates making electric vehicles more affordable
and accessible for American consumers.
2. Advancing innovative vehicle and battery technologies through increased
R&D.
3. Rewarding communities for leadership in reducing regulatory barriers and
developing comprehensive electric vehicle-friendly infrastructure. ’ (link)
Sociopolitical Aspects
(7/13)
Strategic views : National plans
2. Denmark :
"The Commission has approved an aid of approximately €2 million (DKK 15
million) for a pilot scheme which will support projects aimed at testing and
test running electric vehicles under realistic conditions, with the aim to
identify the main obstacles related to their use." (file)
3. Estonia : (link)
"The Government has approved the sale of 10 million AAUs to Mitsubishi
Corporation. The proceeds will be invested into establishment of a countrywide charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. In addition, around 500
electric cars will be provided to the use of social workers and a grant scheme
will be launched to support the purchase of electric cars by private
individuals. (…) The charging infrastructure will be installed over 2011-12
and will cover all major cities, main highways and important transport links. "
4. Israël : (link1) (link2).
Israël will complete its infrastructure of 40 BSS and several thousands
charging points for the end of the year.
Sociopolitical Aspects
(8/13)
Policy Proposals :
A Feb. 2011 Report of an Expert Panel on A Practical Plan for Progress of Plug-in
Electric Vehicles held in the School of Public and Environmental Affairs at Indiana
University led to the next 8 policy recommendations (pp. 7-9 in file) :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Technology-Neutral Policies.
Support to Electromobily ecosystems andNational Demonstration of PEVs,
Global Leadership Position in Technology,
International Collaboration.
Cost-Effective Consumer Incentive Programs.
a. Government and commercial fleet purchases ;
b. PEV access to HOV lanes and parking in congested urban areas ;
c. Battery warranty adjustments or guarantees ; and
d. Targeted public information programs to dispel myths and reduce
confusion.
Sociopolitical Aspects
(9/13)
Policy Proposals :
policy recommendations (pp. 7-9 in file) ctn’d :
6. Support for Recharging Infrastructure. (Note : Excessive spending on
community stations may result in severely underutilized infrastructure, which
can damage public support for PEVs.)
7. Modernizing the Electric Power System :
1. Accelerate “smart grid” research, standards, and implementation ;
2. Expand the availability of lower electricity prices during off-peak periods ;
3. Increase the availability of metering, recharging, and vehicle
technologies that will enable these time-of-use adjustments to electricity
prices ; and
4. Encourage or require enhanced efficiency and the movement toward a
cleaner power generation system.
8. Long-Term R&D Commitments. into innovative battery chemistries,
prototyping, and manufacturing processes.
Trend 9-3
Lot of so-called anxieties so far
identified : charge, signal, delivery,
…
Sociopolitical Aspects
(10/13)
Consumer awareness and concerns :
Remember : over the range anxiety, appear the delivery and signal anxieties.
And they should also be educated to precondition their HEV, BEV or PHEV to
siginificantly save range: (link)
Sociopolitical Aspects
(11/13)
Consumer awareness and concerns : 20% of drivers "likely" to
consider buying an electric vehicle next time out : (link)
A study conducted by IBM's Institute for
Business Value division has found that
nearly one-fifth of potential car buyers
are either "likely" or "very likely" to
consider purchasing an electric vehicle
(EV) when the time comes to replace
their current ride.
Furthermore, the study claims that forty
percent of consumers would be willing to
pay up to a 20 percent premium to
purchase a battery-powered vehicle.
(...)This is similar to a Nielson poll last fall
that found that 17 percent of people
would be willing to pay up to $5,000
premium to go electric. (link)
Sociopolitical Aspects
(12/13)
Electrification progresses (1/2)
1. Fleet become electric
a. ‘While the trucks cost 50 percent more
than diesel-powered rivals, Smith Chief
Executive Officer Bryan Hansel says
buyers will make up for that premium
with lower fuel costs and a better
image. Office supply retailer Staples
says the benefits are clear. The company
has 41 Newtons—about 3 percent of its
total delivery fleet—in California,
Missouri, and Ohio. Staples is
considering an order for more this fall as
leases expire on 140 diesels.
The company says the Newtons have
helped it cut fuel use by 4 percent in the
past three months.’ (link)
Sociopolitical Aspects
(13/13)
Electrification progresses (2/2)
b. Post fleet, as taxi fleet, are a prime target for electrification, after the
French initiative :
b) Japan Post has decided to electrify 100% of its fleet by retrofitting
(See : Technology > EV Conception > Retrofitting )
c) 20 Ford Transit Connect power will equip Posten, the Norway
Post. (link)
3. Panorama 1 : Conclusions
1. Global trends :
1. A confirmation of significative progresses in battery capacities (and a
correlative decrease in their cost) (cf P0) but also a growing interest for
hybridization with supercapacitors to get bacitors, the best of both
worlds
2. Not better market penetration forecasts for EVs with the observation
that fleet begin their electrification (even by retrofitting) given the
relatives advantages provided by their electrification.
3. New technologies (3D nanostructures, solid state, printing, …) to
increase the energy density, the charge/discharge efficiency, …
4. Propositions and business moves to decrease the cost of batteries :
Second life market and Large scale stationary electricity storage.
5. Prototypical metal-air batteries close to the energy density that
petroleum products currently provide.
Conclusions
(2/5)
6. Practical progresses in battery recycling but a political question about
the rent distribution between the manufacturer, the consumer and the
recycler.
7. Research on batteries is federating in the US and EU with precise
progress objectives.
8. A recurrent question : how to avoid public overexpenditure in public
charging stations, as private agents should take the initiative. However
PPP are recommended to start the process.
9. The offer of sophisticated services with charging points for EV drivers,
charge point owners, grid managers, … and a preoccupation to
integrate all the different systems in the cloud charging of EVs.
10. Lot of so-called anxieties so far identified : charge, signal, range,
technological, delivery, …
Conclusions
(3/5)
11. A growing interest for induction charging to ease the life of EV owners
with a significative progresses both in charging efficiency and in
induction for moving vehicles.
12. Battery swapping for cars and trucks is more than an idea.
13. A multiplicity of actors, products, research agendas, opportunities,
partnerships, policies. (cf P0)
14. A lot of world premières during those three last months and first
experiences with real customers. (cf P0)
15. A significative accent on practicability and security of electric cars, vans,
taxis, ...
16. The renewed interest in retrofitting.
17. The integration of IC technologies in EVs to provide useful services
inside and with the vehicle.
18. A political will and business moves to avoid a dependency to Energy
Critical Elements.
Conclusions
(4/5)
19. Not better market penetration forecasts for EVs. However the
observation that fleet begin their electrification (even by retrofitting)
given the relatives advantages provided by their electrification.
20. Numerous new partnerships between energy producers, car
manufacturers, telecommunication operators, research teams, ….
21. New opportunities for business.
22. Interesting moves in the EU policy about EVs : EASYBAT (more efficient
battery swapping), SOMABAT (more affordable and efficient batteries),
the transport roadmap, … and several new voluntary national plans.
23. More and more academic reports and scientific congresses on
Integrated Electrification Plans.
Conclusions
(5/5)
2. Too much information, even more difficult to prioritize and to
sort than in January, to be presented in such a short time.
3. So the need for a more powerful means of information : the
beevinternational.be CMS on internet for the members of Be.eV.
4. The Be.eV CMS :
http://www.beevinternational.be
If you are interested to get an access :
1. Please fill in the form in your folder and give it back at the
desk before leaving. (A valid email adress is needed).
2. Or send your request to Be.ev@economie.fgov.be with your
first and last names and a valid email adress.
In both cases, you will receive a confirmation email that you
should validate in the next 48 hours.
Ultimate conclusion :
Take care, besides the false spying case of Renault,
arson is also a weapon used in the world of electromobilty :
Thanks for your attention