Metro Apps
Start, Suspend…
Apps do not get notified when they are
getting terminated
User
Launches
App
Splash
screen
kind
launch
shareTarget
search
Metro Style Apps connected
App
VoIP
IM
Mail
Network Trigger
System Trigger
Time Trigger
Background Task Infrastructure
OS
Longer Battery Life
Always Reachable Apps
Recap
WinRT APIs for Metro style apps
User Interface
Devices
Communications & Data
Media
Fundamentals
User Interface
Devices
Communications & Data
Media
Fundamentals
HTTP APIs
Web services
Data APIs
Information APIs
Background APIs
Socket APIs
What is the Windows Runtime?
Metro style Apps
Kernel
System Services
Model
Controller
View
XAML
C/C++
Desktop Apps
HTML / CSS
C#, VB
JavaScript
(Chakra)
HTML
C
C++
C#
VB
Internet
Explorer
Win32
.NET
SL
JavaScript
Windows Runtime APIs
Communication
& Data
Graphics &
Media
Application Model
Devices &
Printing
Windows Kernel Services
Metro style app
Language Support
(CLR, WinJS, CRT)
Language Projection
Windows
Metadata &
Namespace
UI
Pickers
Controls
Media
XAML
Storage
Network
…
Windows Runtime Core
Windows Core
Web Host (HTML,
CSS, JavaScript))
Runtime Broker
Strings
HSTRING
Avoids copying in multiple languages
Basic Types
INT32, UINT64 *
Pointers allowed in limited cases
Enumerations
enum AsyncStatus
Flag or non-flag styles
Structures
struct Rect;
Can contain strings, but not interfaces
Simple Arrays
INT32 []
For very basic collections
Interfaces
IInspectable
Methods are defined in interfaces
Generic Interfaces
IVector<T>
Type-generic interface
Runtime Class
Windows.Storage.
StorageFile
Binds interfaces to make a class
Shell32.dll
Object
Activation Store (Registry)
Windows Metadata (Disk)
Projection
C++ App
Chakra
Projection
Windows
Metadata
CLR
Projection
Object
C#/VB App
HTML App
Start
IInspectable
returned
Projection creates
wrapper (using
metadata)
App
App asks to create
object
Object created by
implementation
code
Object bound to
wrapper
Projection
Pass Name to
RoActivateInstance
Find DLL using
Catalog
Call DllGetActivationFactory
Load DLL
Wrapper returned
to App
End
WinRT Object
Manager
WinRT Object
Object
App
Windows
Metadata v9
Projection
Projection
Windows
Metadata v8
Object
App
Collections
IVector<T>, IVectorView<T>,
IMap<T>
Iterators, Collections and
events cross-language
Delegates
delegate
AsyncActionCompletedHandler
Encapsulate the context to call
back to an object
Events
IApplicationLayout::LayoutChanged Lists of callback recipients
PropertySet
interface IPropertySet
Collection of items with
varying types
Async Interface
ReceivePropertiesOperation
A way to get a delayed result
without blocking
Contracts
Windows.ApplicationModel.
DataTransferManager
Connect Apps to Windows
Extension Points
C++ App
STL-style
Projection
Array
Associative Collection
Chakra
JavaScript
Projection
CLR
IEnumerable
(T) style
Projection
C#/VB App
HTML App
App
Windows
UI
Object
App Code
Windows
Object
App Code
Windows
Object
App Code
Projection
Windows
Runtime Object
Proxy
RuntimeBroker.exe
App
Inside WinRT
Extension Catalog
Launch
Contract
Search
Contract
Class Catalog
Extension 1
Runtime Class “A”
Extension 2
Runtime Class “B”
Extension 3
Runtime Class “C”
Extension Registrations
• Several OS supported
contracts
• Extensions are contract
implementation
• Extensions map the abstract to
the concrete
Class Registrations
• Classes are concrete
implementations
• Contains information to
activate and run code
Extension
Catalog
Deployment
Engine
Class
Catalog
Explorer.exe
Query
Activation
System
Extension
Catalog
Investigate
Activate
Extension
Registration
Extension
Catalog
Class
Catalog
Explorer.exe
Activation
System
RPCSS
Activate
Application.exe
Extension
Registration
DCOM
Launch
Class
Catalog
Application.exe
Register
MTA
main()
{
...
}
Run
Core
Application
Object
RPCSS
Query
Class
Catalog
Explorer.exe
Activation
System
Complete
Activation
Activate
App
Extension
Registration
RPCSS
Application.exe
App Code
Instance
Instance
App
Callback
Core
Application
Object
Application.exe
MTA
STA #1
Application Code
Application Code
Run
CoreApplication
Activate
PLM Integration
STA #2
ICoreApplication
ICoreApplicationExit
Private Interfaces
Register
Run
Activation Router
ICoreApplicationInitialization
Application Code
WinRT APIs Foundations
Windows Runtime APIs
 Available to all programming
languages
JavaScript
 Requires a language neutral
type system
Windows
Runtime
C++
C#/VB
50
.NET parallel programming
Overview
Dataflow Networks
data
TransformBlock<byte[],byte[]>
Compress
compressed
TransformBlock<byte[],byte[]>
Encrypt
and encrypted
C++ and XAML
Using Windows Runtime
from C#
C# and Visual Basic influenced
the Windows Runtime
You can write your own
Windows Runtime components
in C# or Visual Basic
You should build a Windows Runtime component
when you want your code to be used from
JS, C++, C# and VB
Influenced by C# and VB
Feels natural and familiar from
C# and Visual Basic
Build your own managed
Windows Runtime components
Using Windows Runtime
with C++
BINDINGS TO FOREIGN TYPE SYSTEMS
Key Bindings
Feature
Summary
1. Data Types
ref class
Reference type
value class
Value type
interface class
Interface
property
Property with get/set
event
“Delegate property” with add/remove/raise
delegate
Type-safe function pointer
generic
Type-safe generics
gcnew
Garbage-collected allocation
ref new
Reference-counted allocation
^
Strong pointer (“hat” or “handle”)
%
Strong reference
2. Allocation
3. Pointer &
Reference
Person^ p;
{
Person^ p2 = ref new Person();
p2->Name = “John”;
p = p2;
}
p = nullptr;
// refcount = 1
// refcount = 1
// refcount = 2
// refcount = 1
// refcount = 0; ~Person()
public ref class Person {
public: Person(String^ name, String^ email);
void Greet(Person^ other);
internal: ~Person();
void SetPassword(const std::wstring& passwd);
};
Person^ p = ref new Person(“John Surname”);
p->Greet(ref new Person(“Jim Surename”);
public interface class IAnimal {
public interface class IFeline : IAnimal {
void Play();
void Scratch();
};
};
IAnimal^ animal = ref new Cat();
animal->Play();
ref class Cat : IFeline {
public: virtual void Play();
virtual void Scratch();
};
public ref class DatabaseConnection {
public: ~ DatabaseConnection();
};
{
DatabaseConnection db();
db.SetName( “Employees”);
// …
// … lots of queries, updates, etc. …
// …
} // ~DatabaseConnection()
public: property String^ Name;
public: property Person^ Sibling {
Person^ get() { InitSiblings(); return _sibling; }
void set(Person^ value) { _sibling = value; NotifySibling(); }
}
private: Person^ _sibling;
Person^ p = ref new Person(“John”);
p->Sibling = ref new Person(p->Name);
public delegate void PropertyChanged( String^ propName, String^ propValue );
auto p = ref new PropertyChanged(
[](String^ pn, String^ pv) {
cout << pn << ” = “ << pv;
} );
auto p = ref new PropertyChanged( UIPropertyChanged );
auto p = ref new PropertyChanged( this, MainPage::OnPropertyChanged );
p( “Visible”, false );
public: event PropertyChanged^ OnPropertyChanged;
public: event PropertyChanged^ OnNetworkChanged {
EventRegistrationToken add(PropertyChanged^);
void remove(EventRegistrationToken t);
void raise(String^, String^);
}
person->OnPropertyChanged += propertyChangedDelegate;
auto token = person->OnPropertyChanged::add(propertyChangedDelegate);
person->OnPropertyChanged -= token;
person->OnPropertyChanged::remove(token);
•
•
throw ref new InvalidArgumentException();
throw ref new COMException(E_*);
•
try { … } catch (OutOfMemoryException^ ex) { … }
ex->HResult
•
catch (Platform::Exception^)
HRESULT
Exception
E_OUTOFMEMORY
OutOfMemoryException
E_INVALIDARG
InvalidArgumentException
E_NOINTERFACE
InvalidCastException
E_POINTER
NullReferenceException
E_NOTIMPL
NotImplementedException
E_ACCESSDENIED
AccessDeniedException
E_FAIL
FailureException
E_BOUNDS
OutOfBoundsException
E_CHANGED_STATE
ChangedStateException
REGDB_E_CLASSNOTREG
ClassNotRegisteredException
E_DISCONNECTED
DisconnectedException
E_ABORT
OperationCanceledException
generic<typename T, typename U>
public interface class IPair {
property T First;
property U Second;
};
IPair<String^, Uri^>^ uri = GetUri();
auto first = uri->First; // type is String^
auto second = uri->Second; // type is Uri^
ref class PairStringUri:
IPair<String^, Uri^> {
public:
property String^ First;
property Uri^ Second;
};
template<typename T, typename U>
ref class Pair: IPair<T, U>
{
public:
property T First;
property U Second;
Pair(T first, U second) { First = first; Second = second; }
};
IPair<String^, Uri^>^ pair = ref new Pair<String^, Uri^>(
“//BUILD/”, ref new Uri(“http://www.buildwindows.com”));
•
#using <Company.Component.winmd>
public
private partial ref class MainPage: UserControl, IComponentConnector
{
public:
void InitializeComponent();
void Connect() { btn1->Click += ref new EventHandler(this, &MainPage::Button_Click); }
};
ref class MainPage
{
public:
MainPage() { InitializeComponent(); }
void Button_Click(Object^ sender, RoutedEventArgs^ e);
};
Libraries
using namespace Platform;
Vector<String^>^ items = ref new Vector<String^>();
items->Append(“Hello”);
•
Returning a read-only view of the vector
IVectorView<String^>^ GetItems () {
return items->GetView();
}
items->VectorChanged += ref new VectorChangedEventHandler<String^>
(this, &MyClass::VectorChanged);
using namespace Platform;
Map<String^, Uri^> favorites = ref new Map<String^, Uri^>();
favorites->Insert(“MSDN”, ref new Uri(“http://msdn.com”));
if (favorites->HasKey(“MSDN”))
favorites->Remove(“MSDN”);
Begin()/End()
begin()
end()
IVector<int>^ v = GetItems();
int sum = 0;
std::for_each( begin(v), end(v),
[&sum](int element) {
sum += element;
} );
std::vector<int> v;
v.push_back(10);
auto items = ref new Vector<int>(v);
Vector<int>^ items = …;
std::vector<int> v = to_vector(items);
WinRT and JavaScript
Basics
// C#
namespace CustomWinRTComponent {
public interface IMoreMath { }
public sealed class MoreMath : IMoreMath {
public static double Sinh(double x) {
return Math.Sinh(x);
}
}
}
// JavaScript
var MoreMath = CustomWinRTComponent.MoreMath;
var y = MoreMath.sinh(0.7);
C++ and Metro Style Apps
HRESULT __stdcall Add( Calculator* this, int i, int j, int* result )
try
{
int i = Add(41, 1);
}
catch (OverflowException^ e) {
printf("Too big");
}
inline int Add(int i, int j) {
int res;
HRESULT hr = __cli_Add(this, i, j, &res);
if (hr != 0) {
__throw_hr_as_exception(hr);
// switch on hr & throw
}
return res;
};
int Add(int i, int j) {
if (i+j < i) {
throw OverflowException();
}
return i + j;
}
HRESULT __stdcall __cli_Add(Calculator* calc,
int i, int j, int* r) {
try {
*r = calc->Add(i, j);
}
catch (Exception^ e) {
return e->HResult;
}
return S_OK;
};
H^T
“It’s not okay to call me a carrot”
Calculator::ICalculator vtable
ref class Calculator
IStorageCell vtable * vfptr1
ICalculator^ calc
ICalculator vtable * vfptr2
int _storage
int _refcount
&Calculator::QueryInterface
&Calculator::AddRef
&Calculator::Release
&Calculator::GetIids
&Calculator::GetRuntimeClassName
&Calculator::GetTrustLevel
&Calculator::Add
H^T
“It’s not okay to call me a carrot”
Brings existing C++ code
into Metro Style Apps
Metro style apps
Core
System Services
Model
Controller
View
XAML
C
C++
Desktop apps
HTML / CSS
C#
VB
JavaScript
(Chakra)
HTML
C
C++
C#
VB
Internet
Explorer
Win32
.NET
/ SL
JavaScript
WinRT APIs
Communication
& Data
Graphics &
Media
Application Model
Devices &
Printing
Windows Core OS Services
http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=228532
Microsoft Libraries
Desktop apps
Metro style apps
Standard C++ Libs
good
ppl (parallel patterns lib)
good
Win32
WinRT + Win32 subset
ATL
ATL subset
MFC
no
3rd party libs (boost, etc.)
depends
your code
depends
// c:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.0\Include\um\mmdeviceapi.h
// Metro style SDK APIs
// Desktop SDK APIs, not available for Metro style apps
.NET Kernel
Entity
Framework
ASP.
NET
Base Class Libraries
JIT & NGEN
Garbage
Collector
WCF
WPF
Win
Forms
The CLR
Security Model
Work
Flow
And
more!
Profiling& Debugging
APIs
Exception
Handling
Loader &
Binder
Improvements to the
Garbage Collector
Generation 1
•
•
•
•
Generation 0
New objects allocated as Generation 0
Accessible References Keep Objects Alive
GC Compacts Referenced Objects
Objects Promoted to Older Generation
Small Object Heap
Large Object Heap
Client GC
One
One
Server GC
One per logical processor
One per logical processor
Gen0/Gen1
Gen2
Client GC
Always blocking
Can be non-blocking
Server GC
Always blocking
Can be non-blocking
LEARN
MORE
http://blogs.msdn.com/b/clrteam/
“Enhancements to the CLR GC in .NET 4.5”
C# Next
C# 5.0 + VB 11.0
C# 4.0 + VB 10.0
Windows Runtime + Asynchrony
Dynamic + Language Parity
C# 3.0 + VB 9.0
Language Integrated Query
C# 2.0 + VB 8.0
Generics
C# 1.0 + VB 7.0
Managed Code
Class
Meta-programming
public
Language
Object Model
Read-Eval-Print Loop
Foo
Field
private
DSL Embedding
X
string
Source
File code
Source
Source code
Compiler
.NET
Assembly
Source
code
Source code
Language Service
Compiler APIs
Compiler Pipeline
Metadata
Import
Quick Recap
• WinRT
• Visual C++ Component Extensions
Windows Core OS Services
HRESULT
E_OUTOFMEMORY
E_INVALIDARG
E_NOINTERFACE
E_POINTER
E_NOTIMPL
E_ACCESSDENIED
E_FAIL
E_BOUNDS
E_CHANGED_STATE
REGDB_E_CLASSNOTREG
E_DISCONNECTED
E_ABORT
Exception
OutOfMemoryException
InvalidArgumentException
InvalidCastException
NullReferenceException
NotImplementedException
AccessDeniedException
FailureException
OutOfBoundsException
ChangedStateException
ClassNotRegisteredException
DisconnectedException
OperationCanceledException
Collections
IIterable
IIterator
• STL containers are the backing store
Async pattern
http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=228286
Win32
•
•
•
•
COM Core
Kernel
Accessibility
Audio
•
•
•
•
•
Direct2D
Direct3D
DirectComposition
DirectManipulation
DirectWrite
•
•
•
•
File Systems
Globalization
Media Foundation
Windows and Messages
C++ renaissance
Visual C++: The power and performance tool for Windows.
Recap
Related sessions
•
•
•
•
•
PLAT-874T - Lap around the
Windows Runtime
APP-409T Fundamentals of Metro
style apps: how and when your app
will run
TOOL-531T Using the Windows
Runtime from C# and Visual Basic
TOOL-532T Using the Windows
Runtime from C++
TOOL-533T Using the Windows
Runtime from JavaScript
Documentation & articles
• C++ Language extension
summary
• The Windows Runtime
• Windows Runtime Design