HPMP
SUSTAINABLE APPROACH
UNIDO approach for the HPMP
Main Meeting of OzonAction Networks from Mexico, Central and South
America and the Caribbean.
Trinidad & Tobago 4 to 7 Oct 2011
OUTLINE
PREFACE
1.
ALTERNATIVES TO REPLACE THE COMMON HCFCs
2.
MAIN HCFCs USES IN LATINAMERICA AND CARIBBEAN
3.
HCFC-22: ACTUAL STATUS
4.
HCFC-22: HOW TO REDUCE CONSUMPTION
5.
RECLAIM: ALTERNATIVE TO REDUCE CONSUMPTION
6.
HCFC-141b: ACTUAL STATUS
7.
HCFC-141b: ALTERNATIVES TO REDUCE CONSUMPTION
CONCLUSIONS
PREFACE
REFRIGERANT IS NOT TO BE BLAMED.
OBJECTIVE: Eliminate the use of CFCs and HCFCs, could also mean using the
refrigerant properly to reduce their consumption.
Refrigerant is very expensive and we use it once and throw it away or plan to
destroy, something like the consumer society applied to the refrigerants
1. ALTERNATIVES TO REPLACE THE HCFCs
1. Replacement refrigerants (Drop-in with alternative refrigerant): eg. HFC, HC
2. Renewal of existing equipment (Retrofitting)
3. New refrigerants:
HFOs and HFCs (R407a, R410a, R422a, R422d, R417A, R32, HFO1234yf ...)
Natural (R290, R290/R600, R717, R744)
None of these alternatives is included in this presentation
Where possible UNIDO promotes natural refrigerants, while making the
transition must take into account the concept of proper management
2. MAIN HCFCs USES IN THE LATINAMERICA AND CARIBBEAN
HCFC-22

ODP (ODP) = 0.055 (CFC-11 = 1) GWP (GWP) = 1810 (CO2 = 1)
Main applications:
Air conditioning, chillers (7 to 700kW), commercial refrigeration, condensing units,
fisheries, boats in general, transport and others.
HCFC-141b

ODP (PAO)= 0.11 (CFC-11=1) GWP (PCG)=725 (CO2=1)

Main applications:

Blowing agent used for de polyuretane foam.

Solvent used for flushing refrigeration systems during service
3. HCFC-22: ACTUAL STATUS

No awareness and good practice.

The concept was created and is generally used for R-12

Because of its low ODP were not assimilated into National plans

It was promoted as an alternative to R-12 without regard to their suitability

Vented for repairs and maintenance

It is still available at low prices, the market was flooded due to the perverse
incentive.
4.HCFC-22: ALTERNATIVES TO REDUCE CONSUMPTION
 Economic incentive (saving = income)
 Reuse the refrigerant
 Recycling: in situ / sent to the existing network
 Promotion of virgin refrigerant savings through recycling and reuse
with their economic advantage
 Courses focused on proper handling of refrigerant in large consumer
savings, commercial refrigeration, large installers, hotels, ships,
chiller, etc ...
 Reclaim interesting concept…
4.HCFC-22: HOW TO REDUCE CONSUMPTION
CONCRETE STEPS (I) - HEAVY-Service site

OBJECTIVE: NO VENTING THE REFRIGERANT, NO OPENING THE VALVE

Recover all the refrigerant transfer cylinders (liquid transfer pump)

Recover the remaining refrigerant (machine recovered)

Recycle the refrigerant while doing the service (filter kit)

Apply good refrigeration practices (using the adecuate tools)

Recharging the refrigerant the shortfall. This not mixture!
RESULT: the refrigerant in good condition can be reused reducing consummption
4.HCFC-22: ALTERNATIVES TO REDUCE CONSUMPTION
Tools for high volume installations
Liquid transfer pump for
refrigerants
Set to recycle and separate oil
from the refrigerant
Recovery machine for
refrigerant
Cost ca. US$ 4,500
Cost ca. US$ 300
Cost ca. US$ 500
4.HCFC-22: ALTERNATIVES TO REDUCE CONSUMPTION
CONCRETE STEPS (II) – General Service Aplications

Good practices training focused in the need and use of large consumers. Review
actual consumption and find how much can be saved changing the concept?
 Recycling services in place if feasible (cylinders and equipment for
recovery and recycling)
 Take advantage of the R&R network if you can not do directly
 Reclaim: economically efficient and viable solution, create the
infrastructure for reclaim depending on conditions and needs
4.HCFC-22: ALTERNATIVAS PARA REDUCIR CONSUMO
RESULTS OBTENIED IN DIFFERENT CASES
 Pilot project was implemented with this concept in Margarita Island in
Venezuela, some results:
 Year 2009 R-22: 100kg recovered and reused; R-134 rd: 475kg recovered,
reused 350kg; even with R-404: 49 kg recovered, reused 37kg
 Application: Recycling in situ using appropriate tools (cylinders and
equipment recovery and recycling)
 Without using the recovery and recycling network in Venezuela in 2010 was
recycled about 70 tons of R-22 in different service shops, not big consumers
4.HCFC-22: ALTERNATIVAS PARA REDUCIR CONSUMO
COSTS & POTENTIAL SAVINGS
A kilo of virgin HCFC-22 costs approx. $ 8
A home air-conditioned has ca. 1 kilo and a type 'split ducted' 3.25kg on average in
both cases and can be recycled and reused. Cost of refrigerant = 0 saving 100%
A chiller can have 100kg of R-22 refrigerant value of new $ 800, whether to replace
the 20% paid $ 160.
Reclaim the refrigerant has a cost, assuming that the service is paid $ 4 per kilo, the
net savings is 50%. (covers transportation costs). If just service is provided.
Reclaimer buys at US$ 2/kg and sells reclaimed at ca. US$ 6/kg, virgin cost US$ 10
5. RECLAIM: ALTERNATIVE TO REDUCE CONSUMPTION
RECLAIM a good concept to save refrigerant
Reclaim is the chemical process by which impurities are removed
AHRI Certification Air Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute
AHRI 700 - 2006 revised 2008
Establish test procedures for determining the quality of new or reclaimed
refrigerants for use in refrigeration and air conditioning whether used or new.
5. RECLAIM: ALTERNATIVE TO REDUCE CONSUMPTION
5. RECLAIM: ALTERNATIVE TO REDUCE CONSUMPTION
CERTIFICACION AHRI: All reclaimed refrigerant must undergo tests:
Gas mixing must be incinerated.
1. Acidity: Acid attacks the seals of the systems. Deteriorate inside the
storage cylinders.
2. Humidity: Refrigerant high moisture can cause clogging of lines due to
the formation of ice affects the heat transfer.
3. Waste high boiling point (oil): High content of non condensable affects
the compressibility of the refrigerant, causing high pressures in the
system.
5. RECLAIM: ALTERNATIVE TO REDUCE CONSUMPTION
4. Chlorine: Coolant high chlorine level will produce a system with acidic
conditions due to the production of HCl.
5. Condensable gases (air): It creates inefficiency in the system. Oil
causes formation of additional substances in the system.
6. Purity: mixture of refrigerants not produce the same conditions as
pure gas. Gas chromatograph.
5. RECLAIM: ALTERNATIVE TO REDUCE CONSUMPTION
Reclaiming machines LV
 Meets all EPA certification requirements
 Manufactured to customer’s specifications
with options to handle different refrigerants
including R12, R22, R407c, R410a… and many
more
 1 HP Hermetic compressor
 Reclaim capacity: 1.4 kgs. Liquid per minute.
Vapour slightly less.
 On board storage capacity: 14 Kgs.
5. RECLAIM: ALTERNATIVE TO REDUCE CONSUMPTION
Reclaiming machines JV

Meets all EPA certification requirements

Manufactured to customer’s specifications
with options to handle different refrigerants
including R12, R22, R407c, R410a… and many
more

2 HP Hermetic compressor

Reclaim capacity: 2.3 kgs. Liquid per minute.
Vapour slightly less.

On board storage capacity: 40 Kgs.
5. RECLAIM: ALTERNATIVE TO REDUCE CONSUMPTION
Reclaiming machines BV

Meets all EPA certification requirements

Manufactured to customer’s
specifications with options to handle
different refrigerants including R12, R22,
R407c, R410a… and many more

2 HP Hermetic compressor

Reclaim capacity: 2.3 kgs. Liquid per
minute. Vapour slightly less.

On board storage capacity: 136 Kgs.
5. RECLAIM: ALTERNATIVE TO REDUCE CONSUMPTION
Reclaiming machines HSR

New industrial size recovery unit.
 Pumps liquid and vapour. Recovers
R410a, R407c, R404a and other
alternates.
 3 HP Rotary compressor
 Reclaim capacity: 3.6 kgs. Liquid
per minute. Vapour slightly less.
 Oversized condenser
 Ideal for production line or in plant
use.
6. HCFC-141b: SITUACIÓN ACTUAL
 Used as a solvent for cleaning equipment
Vented 100%, used once, which generates costs and
consumption
"We cleaning the system and get dirty
the environment “
6. HCFC-141b: ALTERNATIVES TO REDUCE CONSUMPTION
 Equipment for cleaning solvent or circuits
using HCFC-141b as a cleaning agent.
 Efficiency> 96%.
 Cost approx. US$ 300
 It has solvent pump with 100% yield
It can be manufactured locally pump
 Reuse of R-141b to 40-50 times
 Other alternatives, solvents with low boiling
Flushing unit
7. CONCLUSIONES
 Reducing emissions of ODS
 The reduced consumption of pure refrigerant is achieved not only with
alternatives, if we already have refrigerant saquémosle the most
 The development of a refrigerant involved investments of millions and we
sold after one use that can be recycled
 Cost savings, environmental seal service
 With proper use of refrigerant consumption is reduced
 The service includes recycling is more expensive, but cheaper than that
required to add coolant. Good for the installer, user and environment.
 Win - win.
Thanks for your attention
Rodrigo Serpa
Industrial Development Officer
Montreal Protocol Branch
UNIDO
R.Serpa@unido.org
www.unido.org
Tel: +43 1 26026 3320
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