EAROPH 46th REGIONAL CONFERENCE
Transforming Cities
The Spatial and Socio-economic Dimensions
Solid Waste Management in
Singapore
20 November 2013
Mr. Mohd Fadil Bin Supa’at
Deputy Director
Waste & Resource Management Department
Outline
1.
Singapore’s Solid Waste Management Story
2.
Overview of Current System
3.
Challenges & Opportunities
4.
Key Enhancements
5.
Vision for Integrated Waste-to-Resource Management
2
1
Singapore’s Solid Waste
Management Story
3
Singapore Today
Singapore in the 60s
The Approach to Manage the Environment
Some basic principles
•
Government recognised very early that economic
development need not progress at the expense of the
environment.
•
More importantly a high standard of living for the people
could not be achieved without a clean and healthy
environment.
•
In translating the vision to reality the government
understand the need to adopt a long term perspective in
planning and executing the various programmes.
•
Other than emphasizing practicality of the solutions,
continuous innovation has also been a hallmark of many
environmental policies and programmes.
From Past to Present
Transformation of living conditions & refuse collection
7
From Past to Present
From Direct Landfilling …
Lim Chu Kang
Choa Chu Kang
Lorong Halus
Semakau Landfill
(Started operation in 1999)
To Volume Reduction and Energy Recovery
Ulu Pandan (1979)
1,100 tons/day
Tuas (1986)
1,700 tons/day
Senoko (1992)
2,400 tons/day
Tuas South (2000)
3,000 tons/day
Keppel Seghers (2009)
800 tons/day
8
2
Overview of Current System
9
Key Drivers
Our System Today
Consumers
Reduce
Reuse
Collection
Waste Generated
19,862 t/d
3%
Landfill
Non-incinerable waste
541 t/d
Ash
60%
1,779 t/d
Waste Recycled
11,846 t/d
37%
Incinerable waste
7,475 t/d
Recycle
Electricity
Producers
Waste-toEnergy
2,688 MWh/d
Note: Average daily figures for 2012
11
Towards Environmental Sustainability
To enhance the sustainability of our system
as solutions to the waste growth challenge are being developed
Minimisation / Prevention
• Promote efficient use of resources in production processes
• Promote 3Rs & waste segregation at source in homes & businesses
Recycling
• Maximise resource recovery from waste
• Adopt better recycling methods to sustain clean environment
Waste-to-Energy / Volume Reduction
• Adopt innovative technology to maximise energy recovery, minimise
ash & land use
Landfill
• Minimise waste to landfill
12
Minimisation/Prevention
Singapore Packaging Agreement (SPA)
•
•
•
•
Voluntary industry-govt-NGO Agreement
To promote packaging waste 3Rs
10,000 tonnes of packaging waste avoided
S$22 mil saved since 2007
2nd SPA started in 2012 and to commit
further reduction of 6,500 ton by 2015
C&D Recycling
Recycling
•
Promote economically viable and sustainable waste recycling.
Businesses & Industries
Homes
Schools
Recycling by
Businesses & Industries
National Recycling
Programme
Recycling Programmes in
Schools
•Pay-as-you-throw fee structure
encourages waste generators
to reduce waste disposal
•Nationwide residential recycling
programme implemented in all
neighbourhoods
•Builds awareness & promotes
action from young
•Recycling services are
provided at industrial estates
•Recycling bins conveniently
located near every block of flats
•100% of primary & secondary
schools have recycling
corners
•Students volunteer as “Green
Ambassadors”
Recycling of Household Waste
National Recycling Programme
Recycling in
HDB estates
Recycling bins
Recycling bags (some estates)
Fortnightly door-to-door collection
Place bags outside unit before 7.30am
Recycling in
Landed Estates
Recycling bins or
Recycling bags
Place bin/bag outside unit
before 7.30am
Garden waste collection
(some estates)
Commingled recycling system
Deposit paper, plastic, metal and glass into the same recycling bin / bag
Recycling of Domestic Waste
Collection
Public waste collectors
National
• HDB flats
• Landed houses Recycling
Programme
• Schools
Public / general waste
collectors
• Condominiums
General waste collector
•Public recycling bins
Sorting
Sorting of commingled
recyclables at Material
Recovery Facility
Recycling
Recyclables are sent to
respective recycling plants
• Local recycling facilities
• Exported to overseas
recycling facilities
Recycling Rates
1,400,000
Weight (in tonnes)
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
-
Waste Disposed…
Waste Recycled…
Waste Incineration
Four Mass Burn
Incineration Plants
Total Capacity of 7800
tonnes /day
Gate Fee S$77-81
Reduce volume of waste up to 90%
10% of waste
volume to be
disposed
Electricity
Convert heat to electricity
Scrap metal
Recover ferrous metals for recycling
Maximise Lifespan of Semakau Landfill
Semakau Offshore
Landfill
• Singapore’s only landfill
• Area: 350 hectares
o Non-incinerable
Waste 500 t/d
o Incineration Ash
1,700 t/d
Recycling of
Incineration Bottom Ash
•Recycling IBA can reduce
ash-to-landfill & enhance
resource efficiency
•Frameworks & standards
being developed to govern
ash treatment & reuse
20
3
Key Challenges & Opportunities
21
Historical Trend
Waste Incinerated (2000 to 2012)
8,000
7,500
7,475
7,277
7,000
7,083
6,989
6,667
6,795
Waste Incinerated (t/d)
6,500
6,693
6,634
6,332
6,000
6,243
6,182
6,381
6,519
5,500
5,000
4,500
4,000
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Year
Year
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Recycling
Rate
40%
44%
45%
47%
48%
49%
51%
54%
56%
57%
58%
59%
60%
22
Future Challenge
Going forward, the Solid Waste Management Industry will continue to be a critical
infrastructure needed to support the long term growth of Singapore’s economy.
2012
Waste Generated
=
1.5m
Recycling Rate: 60%
5.3m
Singapore’s Population in Million
5.2
5.3
7.2 million tons
6.9
6.0
2030
Waste Generated
=
2012
2010
2020
2030
12.6 million tons
Recycling Rate: 70%
Source: NEA,
Challenges
i.
Growing volume of waste
ii. Limited Lifespan of our Landfill
iii. Lack of land for more waste
management facilities
iv. Need to raise recycling rates
v. Productivity of waste industry
4
Key Aspects & Enhancements
25
3R Enhancements
We are stepping up our efforts to promote the 3Rs
Businesses
Launch of 2nd Singapore
Packaging Agreement
Voluntary industry-government
platform to promote
packaging waste 3Rs
1st
SPA started in 2007
10,000 tons of packaging waste
avoided & SGD22 mil saved
2nd SPA started in July
2012
Improved reduction targets by
2015
Commercial Premises
Homes
Mandatory Reporting
Requirement
Enhancements to National
Recycling Programme
Commercial premises can benefit
by recycling more & saving on
waste disposal cost
Large hotels & malls will be
required to submit waste
reduction plans & targets from
2014
Premises guided to formulate
tailored plans
Introducing enhancements to
increase recycling accessibility
& convenience
1 recycling bin for every block
of flats being rolled out in
phases
Dual-refuse and recycling
chutes systems implemented in
selected new developments
26
Leverage on Community Support for Recycling Efforts
To reduce waste to landfill…
70%
60%
2030
2012
Improve recycling rate
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
Working with the community
stakeholders
Raising public awareness on
recycling and practising the 3Rs
Annual Recycling Week
Clean and Green Singapore
Organised in partnership with
Annual 3Rs Achiever Awards
- Public Waste Collectors (PWCs)
- Schools
- Community Based Organisations
- Grassroots Organisations (GROs)
Recycling Week 2012
- Recognise constituencies with
outstanding efforts in supporting
the 3Rs in the communities
CGS 2013 Launch Carnival
Community Recycling Activities
- Community recycling events
Cash-for-Trash activities
Eco Day Out @ South West
27
Consolidation of Public Waste Collection (PWC) Sectors
New PWC Sectors – From 9 to 6 sectors
Woodlands
– Yishun
Ang Mo Kio –
Toa Payoh
Optimise Efficiency
Cost
Savings
Maintain
Competition
Jurong
Clementi
– Bukit Merah
City
– Punggol
Pasir Ris
– Bedok
Uniform Fee (UF) for domestic premises will be
introduced progressively across all sectors
Combine smaller
sectors to form
larger ones
Apartment = S$7
28
Landed = S$23.19
More Efficient Waste Collection
We are striving to enhance waste collection efficiency & maintain
high public health standards
Pneumatic Refuse Conveyance System (PRCS)
• Implemented in selected developments
• Adoption to be widened
Indoor Refuse Inlet
Dust &
deodorant
filters
Bin centre
Air Inlet valve
Sealed container
Transportation pipe
Automated system of conveying refuse in
pipes by suction from buildings to central
collection station
No open handling of refuse –
reduces threat to public health
29
Energy Recovery & Volume Reduction
Senoko
Keppel
Tuas
South
Tuas
Preliminary concept of planned
integrated waste management
facility
i.
ii.
Maximise energy recovery
Maximise resource recovery
(eg. centralised sorting
facility, ash reuse)
iii Minimise environmental &
land footprint
Incineration
ash
Semakau
30
5
Vision for Integrated Waste-toResource Management
31
Vision & Targets
A sustainable, affordable & integrated
waste-to-resource management system
70% recycling rate by 2030
• 3R practices are integrated with daily life
& business operations
• A vibrant industry manages waste & resources
effectively and contributes to economic growth
• Waste management facilities maximise resource &
energy efficiency and minimise land footprint &
environmental impacts
32
Safeguard • Nurture • Cherish