AIR FORCE UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING
FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS
Contents
1
Reading Skills
技巧
2
Text Study
课文
3
Test Yourself
自测
Reading Skills
Introduction
Like the other skills for your use, the
skill introduced in this unit does
render you better able in reading.
Practice
This practice is designed to help you
get a deeper insight into the skill
special for this unit.
技巧
课文
自测
技巧
课文
自测
Back
Introduction: Facts or Opinions
Facts are statements that tell what really
happened or really is the case whereas opinions
are statements of beliefs, judgments, or feelings.
It is not always easy to make a clear distinction
between facts and opinions as writers often mix
facts and opinions even within the same
sentence, with some words representing facts
and others representing opinions. There are
some tips for distinguishing facts from opinions:
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阅读实践
技巧
课文
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Introduction： Facts or Opinions
1. Test the writer’s opinion by asking whether a
different opinion is possible. You do not have to
agree with the different opinion or with the
writer’s, for that matter. You just have to be able
to see if there is another view.
2. Look for adjectives that interpret one’s
opinions such as pretty, ugly, handsome,
dangerous, evil, attractive, well-dressed, good, etc.
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技巧
课文
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Introduction： Facts or Opinions
If we say a girl is pretty or ugly, it is clear that it is
only our point of view. Words like probably,
perhaps, usually, often, sometimes, on occasion
usually imply certain facts and indicate
possibilities. Other words say clearly that an
opinion will follow like I believe, I think, in my
opinion, I feel, I suggest, etc.
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Introduction： Facts or Opinions
Here are two examples taken from Text A.
Example 1
But only Charlie Chaplin could have created the
great comic character of “The Tramp”, the little
man in rags who gave his creator permanent fame.
(Para. 1)
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Introduction： Facts or Opinions
Explanation
Even though the words only, great, permanent
inply opinions, the sentence presents many facts—
Charlie Chaplin, created, comic character, the
Tramp, the little man in rags. Even more important,
the main point of the sentence is to state the fact
that Charlie Chaplin created “The Tramp”, which
brought him fame. Thus the sentence is basically
factual.
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Introduction： Facts or Opinions
Example 2
This physical transformation, plus the skill with
which he executed it again and again, is surely the
secrets of Chaplin’s great comedy. (Para. 6)
Explanation
Even though the words surely and great imply
opinions, the sentence presents many facts—
physical transformation, the skill with which he
executed it again and again. The sentence is
basically factual as it introduces what the secret of
Charlie Chaplin’s great comedy is.
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Practice
Directions: Pick out the words that present
facts and those that present opinions in the
following sentences from Text B. Write “F”
before each sentence that basically represents
a fact; write “O” before each statement of
opinion. Then confirm your answers when
reading the passage.
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技巧
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Practice
( F ) 1. Yet, six months ago, she did a most
revolutionary thing: She ran for mayor of Embu,
Kenya, and won.
It is basically a fact though the sentence contains
some words for opinions.
Words representing opinions: a most
revolutionary thing
Words representing facts: six months ago; ran for
mayor of Embu, Kenya, and won
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Practice
( F ) 2. Ms. Mbogo’s victory was even more
surprising because she was voted in by her
colleagues on the District Council, all men.
It is basically a fact though the sentence contains
some words for opinions.
Words representing opinions: even more
surprising
Words representing facts: was voted in by her
colleagues on the District Council, all men
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技巧
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Practice
( O ) 3. For the thousands of women in this
farming area two hours northeast of Nairobi, Ms.
Mbogo suddenly became a symbol of the
increasingly powerful political force women have
become in Kenya and across Africa.
It is basically an opinion though the sentence
contains some words for facts.
Words representing opinions: suddenly became a
symbol of the increasingly powerful political force
Words representing facts: thousands of women in
this farming area two hours northeast of Nairobi
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Practice
( F ) 4. One veteran female political activist said
that many women had not been taught the basics
of political participation.
It is basically a fact though the sentence contains
some words for opinions.
Words representing opinions: many women had
not been taught the basics of political participation
Words representing facts: One veteran female
political activist said
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Practice
( O) 5. Yet, political activity among Kenyan
women is not a new phenomenon.
It is basically an opinion though the sentence
contains some words for facts.
Words representing opinions: not a new
phenomenon
Words representing facts: political activity among
Kenyan women
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阅读技巧
Text Study
1. New Words
2. Questions Previewing
3. Passage Reading
4. Reading Comprehension
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技巧
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New Words
revolutionary
mayor
colleague
launch
ridiculous
misunderstand
misunderstanding
ambassador
election
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n./a. [C] 革命者 / 1. 革命的 2. 革
命性的；创新的
n.
[C] 市长
n.
[C] 同事
vt. 1. 发起；开始进行 2. 发射
a.
荒谬的；可笑的；荒唐的
v.
误解，误会
n.
[C, U] 误解，误会
n.
1. [C] 代表 2. [C] 大使
n.
[C, U] 选举
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课文
New Words
activist
prayer
veteran
basics
sack
gram
loaf
sow
spy
colonial
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n.
n.
a./n.
n.
n./vt.
n.
n.
vt.
vi.
a.
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[C] 积极分子；活动家
[C] 祷文，祷词
有经验的；老练的 / [C] 老兵
(pl.) 基本知识；基础原理
[C] 袋；包 / 解雇；开除
[C] 克
[C]（条形）面包
播（种）
从事间谍活动
殖民的；殖民地的
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New Words
jealous
assembly
a.
n.
substantial
scandal
fierce
rally
illegal
riot
banner
a.
n.
a.
n.
a.
n.
n.
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1. 小心守护的; 唯恐失去的 2. 妒忌的
1. [C] 议会；立法机构 2. [C, U] 集会
3. [U] 装配，组装
大量的；可观的
[C, U] 丑闻
激烈的
[C] 集会
不合法的，非法的
[C] 暴乱；骚乱
[C] 横幅；标语
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New Words
fund
vt./n.
earnest
dormitory
lemon
emperor
refresh
refreshing
a.
n.
n.
n.
vt.
a.
onion
n.
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为···提供资金；资助/ [C] 基金；
专款
认真的；坚决的
[C] 宿舍
[C, U] 柠檬
[C] 皇帝
使振作精神；使恢复活力
1. 令人耳目一新的 2. 提神的；令
人精神振作的
[C] 洋葱
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New Words
竞选
投票选出
vote in
监视
spy on/upon
不允许做，使无法参与
shut out of
have/gain the upper hand 占优势，占上风；控制
构成，组成
make up
驱散，解散
break up
撕下，扯下
tear down
相比之下
in/by contrast
认真地
in earnest
run for
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New Words
1. 摆出，摆开 2. 安排；布置；设计
照顾，看管
watch over
deliver the goods 履行诺言
Agatha Muthoni 阿加莎·墨丹妮·姆波戈（人名）
lay out
Mbogo
Embu
Kenya
Nairobi
Lydiah Kimani
Kenyan
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恩布（肯尼亚城市）
肯尼亚（东非国家）
内罗毕（肯尼亚首都）
利迪亚·基曼尼（人名）
肯尼亚人
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Questions Previewing
For you to be better conditioned for reading as
fast as required in the new type of examination
“Fast Reading”, Text B can serve to be your fastreading material. But, for this to be achieved, the
best course of action is to know what to scan for in
your skimming. Thus, the trick is to keep in your
mind the key words of each question before you
start off. That is where the “Question Previewing”
comes in.
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Questions Previewing
Directions: Decide whether the following statements are
true (T) or false (F) according to the text.
1. Ms. Mbogo’s victory surprised people greatly
because she was the first female mayor in Embu,
Kenya.
2. When Ms. Mbogo began running for the Embu
Council, she already had experience in political
career.
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Questions Previewing
3. After Ms. Mbogo became a Kenyan
ambassador to a foreign country, women there
began to understand her better.
4. Kenyan women are taught to vote for those
who could provide them with the necessities to
live on.
5. Traditionally, Kenyan women are housewives,
who can decide how to use the money of the
family.
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Questions Previewing
6. After winning her council seat, Ms. Mbogo
joined the town planning committee, in which
she could do more practical work for the town
than she could in the education and social
services committee.
7. Ms. Mbogo has never encountered any abuse in
her political life.
8. Ms. Mbogo is now particularly welcomed by
people of low social status.
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Chinese
Passage Reading
The Political Career of a Female Politician
Para. 1 Modest and soft-spoken,
Agatha Muthoni Mbogo, 24, is
hardly the image of a revolutionary.
Yet, six months ago, she did a most
revolutionary thing: She ran for
mayor of Embu, Kenya, and won.
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Chinese
Passage Reading
Question 1
Para. 2 Ms. Mbogo’s victory was even more
surprising because she was voted in by her
colleagues on the District Council, all men. For the
thousands of women in this farming area two hours
northeast of Nairobi, Ms. Mbogo suddenly became a
symbol of the increasingly powerful political force
women have become in Kenya and across Africa.
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Chinese
Passage Reading
Question 2
Para. 3 Ms. Mbogo launched her dream of a
career in politics in 1992 by running for the Embu
Council, facing the obstacles that often trouble
African women running for political office. She
had little money. She had no political experience.
She faced ridiculous questions about her personal
life. “My opponent kept insisting that I was going
to get married to somebody in another town and
move away, ” Ms. Mbogo said.
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Chinese
Passage Reading
Question 3
Para. 4 Ms. Mbogo also faced misunderstanding
among the town’s women, many of whom initially
were unwilling to vote for her. She became an
ambassador for women’s political rights, giving
speeches before women’s groups and going from
door to door, handbag in hand, spending hours at
a time giving a combination of speech and
government lesson.
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Chinese
Passage Reading
Para. 5 “I was delighted when she
won the election, because men elected
her,” said Lydiah Kimani, an Embu
farmer and political activist. “It was
the answer to my prayers because it
seemed to be a victory over this idea
that ‘women can’t lead’.”
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Para. 6a Education of African
women has become a top priority for
political activists. One organization
has held dozens of workshops in
rural Kenya to help women
understand the nation’s constitution
and the procedures and theory
behind a democratic political system.
笔
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Chinese
Passage Reading
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Chinese
Passage Reading
Question 4
Para. 6b One veteran female political
activist said that many women had
not been taught the basics of political
participation. They are taught to
vote for the one who “gives you a
half kilo sack of flour, 200 grams of
salt, or a loaf of bread” during the
campaign, said the activist.
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Chinese
Passage Reading
Question 5
Para. 7 Women politicians and activists say they
are fighting deeply-held cultural traditions.
Those traditions teach that African women cook,
clean, take care of children, sow and harvest
crops and support their husbands. They typically
do not inherit land, divorce their husband,
control their finances or hold political office.
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Chinese
Passage Reading
Para. 8 Yet, political activity among Kenyan
women is not a new phenomenon. During the
struggle for independence in the 1950s, Kenyan
women often secretly provided troops with
weapons and spied on the positions of colonial
forces. But after independence, leaders jealous to
protect their power shut them out of politics, a
situation repeated across the continent.
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Chinese
Passage Reading
Para. 9 Today, men still have the upper hand.
Women in Kenya make up 60 percent of the
people who vote, but only 3 percent of the
National Assembly. No Kenyan woman has
ever held a cabinet post.
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课文
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Chinese
Passage Reading
Question 6
Para. 10 Against that background, Agatha
Mbogo began her political career. After winning
her council seat, she declined a spot on the
education and social services committee after a
colleague called it “a woman’s committee”. She
instead joined the town planning committee, a
much more visible assignment.
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Chinese
Passage Reading
Para. 11 Then last year, she decided to
challenge Embu’s mayor, a veteran
politician. Ms. Mbogo said she had
become frustrated because the donor
groups that provide substantial aid to
Kenya’s rural areas “did not want to
come here”.
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Chinese
Passage Reading
Question 7
Para. 12 “We weren’t seeing things done for the
community, ” she said. “It was a scandal—the
donors’ money seemed to be going to individuals.”
Para. 13 After a fierce campaign, the council
elected her, 7 to 6. She said women in Embu
celebrated. Men were puzzled; some were hostile.
They asked, “How could all of those men vote for a
woman? ” she recalled.
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Chinese
Passage Reading
Question 7
Para. 14a Ms. Mbogo has not met with the kinds of
abuse that other female politicians have been
subjected to, however. Some have said their
supporters are sometimes attacked with clubs
after rallies. Last June, Kenyan police attempted
to break up a women’s political meeting northwest
of Nairobi, insisting it was illegal and might start a
riot.
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Chinese
Passage Reading
Para. 14b When the 100 women, including a
member of the National Assembly, refused to go,
officers tore down their banners and beat them
with clubs and fists, witnesses reported.
Para. 15 In contrast, Ms. Mbogo generally
receives warm greetings from the men of Embu,
and many say they are now glad the council
chose her.
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Chinese
Passage Reading
Para. 16 Donor groups are now funding projects in
Embu in earnest. A new market is going up
downtown. A 200-bed section for new mothers is
being added to the hospital. A dormitory-style
home has been built for the dozens of homeless
street children who once wandered the city. Ms.
Mbogo is especially proud of the market and the
hospital because “they have an impact on women”.
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Chinese
Passage Reading
Question 8
Para. 17 At the current market, where hundreds of
people, shaded by umbrellas, lay out fruits and
vegetables, one person who sells lemons said she
liked the new mayor.
Para. 18 “I feel like if I have a problem, I can go to
her office,” she said. “The other mayor shouted.
He acted like an emperor. He did not want to hear
my problems.”
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Question 8
Para. 19 Nearby, a man said he found
Ms. Mbogo a refreshing change. “I’m
tired of men,” he said, watching over
his pile of onions. “They give us so
many promises, but they don’t deliver
the goods. As long as she keeps giving
us what we want, she is all right.”
笔
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Chinese
Passage Reading
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Reading Comprehension
Directions: Decide whether the following statements
are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.
Refer to Para. 2
T
1. Ms. Mbogo’s victory surprised people
greatly because she was the first female
mayor in Embu, Kenya.
Refer to Para. 3
F
2. When Ms. Mbogo began running for the
Embu Council, she already had experience in
political career.
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Reading Comprehension
Refer to Para. 4
F 3. After Ms. Mbogo became a Kenyan
ambassador to a foreign country, women
there began to understand her better.
Refer to Para. 6
T 4. Kenyan women are taught to vote for those
who could provide them with the necessities
to live on.
Refer to Para. 7
F 5. Traditionally, Kenyan women are housewives,
who can decide how to use the money of the
family.
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Reading Comprehension
Refer to Para. 10
T 6. After winning her council seat, Ms. Mbogo
joined the town planning committee, in which
she could do more practical work for the town
than she could in the education and social
services committee.
Refer to Paras. 13-14
F 7. Ms. Mbogo has never encountered any
abuse in her political life.
Refer to Paras. 17-19
T 8. Ms. Mbogo is now particularly welcomed
by people of low social status.
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词汇学习
问题预览
课文阅读
Test Yourself
A
Long Conversations
B
In-Depth Reading
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Long Conversations
In each exercise, you will hear 3
long conversations. At the end of each
conversation, 3 or 4 questions will be asked
about what was said. Both the conversation and
the questions will be spoken only once. After
each question there will be a pause. During the
pause, you must read the four choices marked
A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best
answer.
Directions
1
2
3
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4
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5
6
7
8
9
深层阅读
10
课文
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Conversation I
1
2
3
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7
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Script
Questions 1 to 3 are based on the conversation you
are going to hear.
1.
A) To go boating on the St. Lawrence River.
B) To go sightseeing in Quebec Province.
C) To call on a friend in Quebec City.
D) To attend a wedding in Montreal.
Q: What’s the woman’s main purpose of
visiting Quebec?
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Conversation I
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2.
A) Study the map of Quebec Province.
B) Find more about Quebec Province.
C) Brush up on her French.
D) Learn more about the local customs.
Q: What does the man advise the woman to
do before the trip?
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Script
课文
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Conversation I
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
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Script
3.
A) It’s most beautiful in summer.
B) It has many historical buildings.
C) It was greatly expanded in the 18th century.
D) It’s the only French-speaking city in Canada.
Q: What does the man say about the Quebec
City?
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Conversation I
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
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10
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Script
Questions 4 to 7 are based on the conversation you
are going to hear.
4.
A) It was about a little animal.
B) It took her six years to write.
C) It was adapted from a fairy tale.
D) It was about a little girl and her pet.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation
about Miss Rowling’s first book?
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Conversation II
1
2
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Script
5.
A) She knows how to write best-selling novels.
B) She can earn a lot of money by writing for
adults.
C) She is able to win enough support from
publishers.
D) She can make a living by doing what she likes.
Q: Why does Miss Rowling consider herself
very lucky?
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深层阅读
课文
技巧
Conversation II
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5
6
7
8
9
10
6.
A) The characters.
B) Her ideas.
C) The readers.
D) Her life experiences.
Q: What dictates Miss Rowling’s writing?
随
笔
深层阅读
自测
Back
Script
课文
技巧
自测
Conversation II
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2
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Back
Script
7.
A) She doesn’t really know where they originated.
B) She mainly drew on stories of ancient saints.
C) They popped out of her childhood dreams.
D) They grew out of her long hours of thinking.
Q: According to Miss Rowling where did she
get the ideas for the Harry Porter books?
随
笔
深层阅读
课文
技巧
Conversation III
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2
3
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5
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9
10
自测
Back
Script
Questions 8 to 10 are based on the conversation you
are going to hear.
8.
A) Around midday.
B) In the afternoon.
C) In the early morning.
D) In the early evening.
Q: At what time of the day does the man
usually watch TV?
随
笔
深层阅读
课文
技巧
Conversation III
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2
3
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9
10
自测
Back
Script
9.
A) Documentaries.
B) Local service programmes.
C) Travel programmes.
D) Health programmes.
Q: What kind of programmes would the man
like to see more on the new channel?
随
笔
深层阅读
课文
技巧
Conversation III
1
2
3
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9
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自测
Back
Script
10.
A) They should spend more money on drama.
B) They should train their broadcasters to higher
standards.
C) They should talk more to customers.
D) They should broadcast interviews with famous
people.
Q: What would the man advise the new
channel to do?
随
笔
深层阅读
技巧
课文
自测
Back
In-Depth Reading
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with
ten blanks. You are required to select one word for
each blank from a list of choices given in a word
bank above the passage. Read the passage through
carefully before making your choices.
scale
retailed
insulted
technically excessive
really
gap
generate
extreme
potential
situation
affordable
voluntary
随
笔
对话听力
purchase
primarily
技巧
课文
自测
Back
In-Depth Reading
scale
retailed
insulted
technically excessive
really
gap
generate
extreme
potential
situation
affordable
voluntary
purchase
primarily
The flood of women into the job market boosted
economic growth and changed US society in many
ways. Many in-home jobs that used to be done [01]
________ by women—ranging from family shopping
primarily
to preparing meals to doing [02] voluntary
________ work—
still need to be done by someone. Husbands
随
笔
对话听力
技巧
课文
自测
Back
In-Depth Reading
scale
retailed
insulted
technically excessive
really
gap
generate
extreme
potential
situation
affordable
voluntary
purchase
primarily
and children now do some of these jobs, a [03]
________
situation that has changed the target market for
many products. Or a working woman may face a
crushing “poverty of time” and look for help
elsewhere, creating opportunities for producers of
frozen meals, child care centers, dry cleaners,
financial services, and the like.
随
笔
对话听力
技巧
课文
自测
Back
In-Depth Reading
scale
retailed
insulted
technically excessive
really
gap
generate
extreme
potential
situation
affordable
voluntary
purchase
primarily
gap
Although there is still a big wage [04] ____
between men and women, the income working
women [05] ________
generate gives them new independence
and buying power. For example, women now [06]
________
purchase about half of all cars. Not long ago, many
car dealers [07] _______
insulted women shoppers by
随
笔
对话听力
技巧
课文
自测
Back
In-Depth Reading
scale
retailed
insulted
technically excessive
really
gap
generate
extreme
potential
situation
affordable
voluntary
purchase
primarily
ignoring them or suggesting that they come back
with their husbands. Now car companies have
realized that women are [08] ________
potential customers.
It’s interesting that some leading Japanese car
dealers were the first to [09] _____
really pay attention to
women customers. In Japan, fewer women have jobs
随
笔
对话听力
技巧
课文
自测
Back
In-Depth Reading
scale
retailed
insulted
technically excessive
really
gap
generate
extreme
potential
situation
affordable
voluntary
purchase
primarily
or buy cars—the Japanese society is still very much
male-oriented. Perhaps it was the [10] _______
extreme
contrast with Japanese society that prompted
American firms to pay more attention to women
buyers.
随
笔
对话听力
[短语] run for:
[注释] try to get elected to a public
position 竞选
Example 1
奥巴马决定参加2008年美国总统的竞选并获得了
胜利。
Obama decided to run for 2008 US presicency
and won.
返回
For more
[短语] run for:
Example 2
他参加参议员竞选。
He runs for the senatorship.
知识归纳
run into 偶然碰见
run out 用完
run through 穿过
返回
run off 赶走
run over 辗过
run to 达到
run up against 与······相撞
[单词 ] launch:
[注释] 1. start sth. such as a plan, new
career, project, etc. 发起；开始进行
2. send a missile, spaceship, satellite, etc.
into the air or into space 发射
Example 1
中国发起了提高食品安全的全国性运动以更好
地保护儿童与青少年。
返回
China launched a nationwide campaign on
improving food safety to better protect its
children and teenagers.
For more
[单词 ] launch:
Example 2
我国成功发射了“神舟七号”载人飞船，标志
着我国在载人航天事业上的历史性突破。
China successfully launched the manned
spacecraft Shenzhou-7, which marked a
historic breakthrough in China's manned
space program.
返回
[搭配] be/become an ambassador for:
[注释] to be/become a representative for 成
为······的使者
Example 1
这位明星是中国预防艾滋病运动的形象大使。
This pop star is the image ambassador for
China's HIV prevention campaign.
返回
For more
[搭配] be/become an ambassador for:
Example 2
大陆赠与台湾的大熊猫“团团”和
“圆圆”成为了两岸和平统一的使者。
The two giant pandas Tuantuan and
Yuanyuan sent by the Chinese mainland to
Taiwan became ambassadors for peace and
reunion across the Taiwan Straits.
返回
[搭配] from door to door:
[注释] going to each house in a street or area
挨家挨户地
Example 1
每天清晨他都要挨家挨户地给顾客送牛奶。
Every morning he delivers milk to customers
from door to door.
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For more
[搭配] from door to door:
知识归纳
from coast to coast 在(美国) 全国
from day to day 天天，一天又一天
from first to last 从头到尾，自始至终
from head to foot 从头到脚，全身
from hand to mouth 仅够糊口地
from place to place 处处
from start to finish 从开始到结束
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from time to time 有时，不时地
[搭配] top priority:
[注释] high or top place among various
things to be done 优先权，优先
Example 1
重建地震灾区是现在的当务之急。
Top priority should be given to rebuilding the
quake-stricken areas.
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For more
[搭配] top priority:
Example 2
政府将经济发展列为工作的重点。
The government gave top priority to
developing economy.
返回
[短语] spy on/upon:
[注释] try to get information secretly from an
unfriendly place 暗中监视，侦查，窥探
Example 1
他说可能有人对基地进行侦查,于是便命令飞行
员跟踪这个不明物体。
He said that someone might be spying on the
station and the pilot was ordered to keep track
of the strange object.
返回
For more
[短语] spy on/upon:
Example 2
你付了这个人多少钱来暗中
监视你丈夫？
How much did you pay the man to spy on
your husband?
返回
[单词] jealous:
[注释] 1. wanting very much to protect or
keep sth. 小心守护的；唯恐失去的
2. unhappy and angry because sb. else has
sth. you want 妒忌的
Example 1
她很珍惜自己的独立，不想结婚。
She is very jealous of her independence, and
doesn’t want to get married.
返回
For more
[单词] jealous:
Example 2
她非常嫉妒别人的美貌与智慧。
She is very jealous of others’ beauty and
wisdom.
返回
[短语] shut out of:
[注释] not allow sb. to do sth. or be involved
in it 不允许做，使无法参与
Example 1
由于他性格懦弱，他的父母不允许他去经商。
His parents shut him out of business for his
cowardice.
返回
For more
[短语] shut out of:
Example 2
身体残疾使他无法参加许多体育活动。
Disability shuts him out of many physical
activities.
返回
[短语] have/gain the upper hand:
[注释] have the advantage or control over
占优势，占上风；控制
Example 1
经过数小时的激烈谈判，总统占了上风。
After hours of fierce negotiations, the
president had the upper hand.
返回
For more
[短语] have/gain the upper hand:
Example 2
无论何时与儿子发生冲突，她总是占上风，因
为她控制着家庭的财产。
When conflicts arose between her and her
son, she had the upper hand, for she
controlled the family fortune.
返回
[短语] tear down:
[注释] 1. remove or pull down sth. roughly 撕
下，扯下 2. destroy, demolish, take apart or
to pieces 拆毁，拆除，拆卸
Example 1
这位领导人的照片在夜晚被他的敌人撕了下来。
The photograph of the leader has been torn
down in the night by his enemies.
返回
For more
[短语] tear down:
Example 2
他们打算拆除这家旧医院，建一幢办公大楼。
They are going to tear down the old hospital
and build a block of offices.
返回
[短语] in/by contrast:
[注释] used to emphasize that sth. is clearly
different from sth. else 相比之下，与······对照
Example 1
过去的五年中他们的经济增长得很快，相比之
下，我们的经济下滑了。
Their economy has expanded enormously in
the last five years, whereas ours, by contrast,
has declined.
返回
For more
[短语] in/by contrast:
Example 2
如果你看过他们的系统，你会觉得相形之下我
们的系统就太过时了。
If you have seen their new system, you will
find that ours seems very old-fashioned by
contrast.
返回
[短语] in earnest:
[注释] determinedly or sincerely; seriously 坚决
地；真挚地； 认真地
Example 1
倒计时早在10月份就正式开始了。
The countdown begins in earnest as early as
October.
返回
For more
[短语] in earnest:
Example 2
现在我要比以前更认真学习英语。
Now I shall have to study the English
language in earnest.
返回
[短语] lay out:
[注释] 1. spread sth. out 摆出，摆开 2. plan
how sth. should look and arrange it in this
way 安排；布置；设计
Example 1
他向我展示了如何编排版面。
He showed me how to lay out a printed page.
返回
For more
[短语] lay out:
Example 2
所有的条款都在合同中列出了。
All the terms and conditions are laid out in the
contract.
知识归纳
返回
lay aside 留存
lay down 牺牲；制定
lay in 储备，储存
lay off （临时）解雇
lay on 提供
lay up 储存
[短语] watch over:
[注释] guard; take care of sb. or sth. 照顾，
看管
Example 1
我去买点吃的，你能帮我照看一下行李吗？
I am going to buy some food. Can you watch
over my luggage?
返回
For more
[短语] watch over:
Example 2
我要找个人在我出差期间
帮我照看房子。
I need to find someone to watch over my
house when I leave on business.
返回
[单词] refreshing:
[注释] making one feel stronger, less tired or
more alert; pleasantly new or different 令人
精神振奋的，令人感到新鲜的
Example 1
赛后看到一支输了球的球队队员握手和微笑
是件新鲜事。
It’s a refreshing chance to see a losing team
shaking hands and smiling after a match.
返回
For more
[单词] refreshing:
Example 2
喝一杯清爽的饮料，欣赏落基山壮丽的风光。
Enjoy a refreshing drink and the spectacular
views of the Rocky Mountains.
返回
[短语] deliver the goods:
[注释] infml do what is expected of one, make
good one’s 【非正式】不负众望，履行诺言
Example 1
我们对英国队寄予厚望，但那一天他们辜负众
望。
We expected great things of the England team,
but on that day they simply failed to deliver
the goods.
返回
For more
[短语] deliver the goods:
Example 2
只要你履行诺言，他会永远
信任你的。
As long as you deliver the goods, he will always
trust you.
返回
Chinese Version
一位女政治家的政治生涯
Para. 1 24岁的阿加莎·墨丹妮·姆波戈，
为人谦虚，谈吐温柔，算不上是个革命
者的形象。然而就在6个月前，她做了一
件极富革命性的事情：她参加了肯尼亚
恩布市的市长竞选，并且当选。
NHCE
English
Chinese Version
English
Para. 2 更令人感到意外的是，姆波戈女
士是由区议会的同事们投票选出的，而那
些人全是男性。在肯尼亚乃至整个非洲，
妇女的政治力量日益壮大。恩布市是一个
位于内罗毕东北部的农业地区，距内罗毕
两个小时的车程。对于生活在此地的数千
妇女来说，姆波戈成了这种力量的象征。
NHCE
Chinese Version
English
Para. 3 1992年，姆波戈女士开始追寻她的
从政梦想，她竞选了恩布市议员。像其他打
算从政的非洲妇女一样，她面对着很多阻碍：
她缺钱，没有政治经验，要回答许多关于她
个人生活的荒唐问题。她说：“我的对手一
口咬定我要与外市的人结婚并搬走。”
NHCE
Chinese Version
Para. 4 姆波戈还要面对本市妇女的误
解，她们中间有许多人起初并不愿意为
她投票。她成为捍卫妇女政治权利的使
者，向妇女团体发表演说或者挎着手提
包挨家挨户去做演讲，并给他们讲解政
体，一讲就是数小时。
NHCE
English
Chinese Version
Para. 5 “她胜出我很高兴，因为是男人们
选举了她，” 恩布市的一位农民政治活动
家利迪亚·基曼尼说。“这正是我期望的结
果，因为它似乎战胜了 ‘女人当不了领导
者’ 这种观念。”
NHCE
English
Chinese Version
Para. 6a 非洲妇女的教育已经成为政治活
动家们着重考虑的问题。有个机构已经在
肯尼亚农村举办了十几次研讨会，目的是
帮助妇女理解国家宪法以及民主政治制度
的程序及理论。
NHCE
English
Chinese Version
English
Para. 6b 一位资深的女政治活动家说，许
多妇女连参政的最基本知识都没学过。她
说，有人教她们，在竞选运动中谁 “给你
半公斤面粉、200克食盐或一条面包” ，
就投票选谁。
NHCE
Chinese Version
Para. 7 妇女政治活动家们说她们正在与根
深蒂固的文化传统作斗争。这些传统要非
洲妇女做饭、打扫屋子、照管孩子、种庄
稼、收庄稼、支持丈夫。她们通常不能继
承土地，不能与丈夫离婚，不能理财，也
不能从政。
NHCE
English
Chinese Version
English
Para. 8 然而，肯尼亚妇女从事政治活动并不
是什么新现象。在20世纪50年代争取独立的
斗争中，肯尼亚妇女就经常秘密地为部队提
供武器并监视殖民军的阵地。但是独立之后，
领导者们唯恐失去自己的权力，将妇女排斥
在政界之外。这种现象在非洲大陆随处可见。
NHCE
Chinese Version
English
Para. 9 今天，男性仍占有优势。肯尼亚
妇女占选民人数的60%，但在国民大会中
的席位仅有 3%。从来没有一位肯尼亚妇
女担任过内阁职务。
NHCE
Chinese Version
English
Para. 10 在这种背景下，阿加莎·姆波戈开
始了她的政治生涯。在赢得议会席位之后，
她拒绝了被同事称为 “女人委员会” 的
教育及社会服务委员会的职位，而加入了
城市规划委员会。这是个更显眼的工作。
NHCE
Chinese Version
Para. 11 接着，在去年，她决定挑战恩布
市市长，一位资深政客。姆波戈女士说，
为肯尼亚乡村地区提供大量捐助的团体
“不愿意到这里来” ，为此她感到很失
望。
NHCE
English
Chinese Version
English
Para. 12 “我们没看到有人为社区办过什么事，”
她说。“这是一件丑闻，捐资者的钱似乎落入
了个人腰包。”
Para. 13 经过一场激烈的竞选，她以7比6的选票
当选。她说恩布市的妇女为此兴高采烈，而男
人们则很不解，有些甚至心怀敌意。她回忆说，
男人们不解：那些男人怎么会选一个女人?
NHCE
Chinese Version
English
Para. 14a 但姆波戈女士并没有像其他女政
治家那样受到攻击。有些女政治家曾说她们
的支持者有时在集会后会受到棍棒袭击。去
年6月，肯尼亚警方企图驱散在内罗毕西北
部举行的一次妇女政治集会，坚持说它是非
法的，可能引发骚乱。
NHCE
Chinese Version
English
Para. 14b 目击者报告说，当时有100名妇女，
包括一名国民大会委员。她们拒绝离开，于
是警官扯下她们的标语，并对她们棒打拳击。
Para. 15 与此相反，姆波戈女士通常受到恩
布市男士们的热烈欢迎，许多人说现在很高
兴议会选择了她。
NHCE
Chinese Version
English
Para. 16 如今，捐助团体正式给恩布市的若
干项目提供了资金。在市中心建起了一个新
市场。医院新增添了有200个床位的产房。为
几十个流浪街头、无家可归的孩子建起了集
体宿舍。姆波戈女士对这个市场和医院感到
特别自豪，因为 “它们对妇女有很大的影
响” 。
NHCE
Chinese Version
English
Para. 17 在现在的市场上，数以百计的人在
遮阳伞下摆卖果蔬。一个卖柠檬的妇女说她
喜欢新市长。
Para. 18 “我感觉如果碰到问题，我可以到
她的办公室去找她，” 她说。“以前的市
长呼来喝去，好像是个皇帝，他并不想听我
的问题。”
NHCE
Chinese Version
English
Para. 19 旁边，有个男人说他发觉姆波戈女
士带来了一种清新的变化。“我厌倦了男
人，” 看着自己那一大堆洋葱，他说。
“他们只会许诺，但没有带来实际的东西。
只要她能不断带来我们所需的东西，她就
行。”
NHCE
技巧
课文
自测
返回
Conversation I (1/4)
W: Hey, Bob, guess what? I’m going to visit Quebec
next summer. I’m invited to go to a friend’s wedding.
(Q.1) But while I’m there I’d also like to do some
sightseeing.
M: That’s nice, Sherry. But do you mean the
province of Quebec, or Quebec City?
W: I mean the province. My friend’s wedding is in
Montreal, so I’m going there first. I’ll stay for five
days. Is Montreal the capital city of the province?
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技巧
课文
自测
返回
Conversation I (2/4)
M: Well, many people think so because it’s the
biggest city. But it’s not the capital. Quebec City is.
But Montreal is great. The Saint Lawrence River
runs right through the middle of the city. It’s
beautiful in summer.
W: Wow, and do you think I can get by in English?
My French is OK, but not that good. I know most
people there speak French, but can I also use
English?
NHCE
技巧
课文
自测
返回
Conversation I (3/4)
M: Well, people speak both French and English
there. But you’ll hear French most of the time. And
all the street signs are in French. In fact, Montreal
is the third largest French speaking city in the
world. So you’d better practice your French before
you go. (Q.2)
NHCE
技巧
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Conversation I (4/4)
W: Good advice. What about Quebec City? I’ll visit
a friend from college who lives there now. What’s it
like?
M: It’s a beautiful city, very old. Many old buildings
have been nicely restored. Some of them were built
in the 17th and 18th centuries. (Q.3) You’ll love it
there.
W: Fantastic. I can’t wait to go.
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Conversation II (1/4)
M: Hi, Miss Rowling, how old were you when you
started to write? And what was your first book?
W: I wrote my first finished story when I was about
six. It was about a small animal, a rabbit, I mean.
(Q.4) And I’ve been writing ever since.
M: Why did you choose to be an author?
W: If someone asks me how to achieve happiness,
step one would be finding out what you love doing
most.
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Conversation II (2/4)
W: And step two would be finding someone to pay
you to do it. I consider myself very lucky indeed to
be able to support myself by writing. (Q.5)
M: Do you have any plans to write books for adults?
W: My first two novels were for adults. I suppose I
might write another one. But I never really imagine
a target audience when I’m writing. The ideas come
first. So it really depends on the idea that grabs me
next. (Q.6)
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Conversation II (3/4)
M: Where did the ideas for the “Harry Potter”
books come from?
W: I’ve no idea where the ideas came from. (Q.7)
And I hope I’ll never find out. It would spoil my
excitement if it turned out I just have a funny little
wrinkle on the surface of my brain, which makes
me think about invisible train platforms.
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Conversation II (4/4)
M: How do you come up with the names of your
characters?
W: I invented some of them. But I also collect
strange names. I’ve got them from ancient saints,
maps, dictionaries, plants, war memorials and
people I’ve met.
M: Oh, you are really resourceful.
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Conversation III (1/5)
W: Excuse me, I’m sorry to bother you, but would
you have time to answer a few questions?
M: What about?
W: We’re doing some market research for a new
television channel starting in two years’ time.
M: OK, why not?
W: Thank you. Right. About your current watching
habits, what would you say is your main reason for
watching TV?
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Conversation III (2/5)
M: Well, at work I am rather busy, so I’d say that
with TV it probably just helps me relax and unwind.
W: Fine. And how many hours a day on average do
you watch TV?
M: Not a lot really. I should say just over an hour.
W: So what are the two main times of the day that
you watch TV?
M: Well, a little around breakfast time and then it
tends to be really late—eleven or even mid-night—
when I’ve finished work. (Q.8)
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Conversation III (3/5)
W: Fine. And turning to the new channel, which
type of programs would you like to see more of?
M: Well, I certainly don’t think we need any more
factual programs like news and documentaries. I
think we need more about things like local
information, you know, providing a service for the
community. (Q.9) And in the same vein, perhaps
more for younger viewers, you know, good quality
stuff.
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Conversation III (4/5)
W: Ah ha. And… if you had to give the new
directors some specific advice when they set up the
channel, what advice would you give them?
M: I think I’d advise them to pay a lot of attention
to the quality of the actual broadcast, you know, the
sound system. People are very fussy these days
about that and in general, I think they ought to do
lots of these kinds of interview, you know talking
with their potential customers. (Q.10)
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Conversation III (5/5)
W: Oh, I'm glad you think it’s valuable, and thank
you very much for your time and for your advice.
M: You are welcome. Bye.
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