Unit 49 Hummingbird Winter
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Outline:
Warming up activities
Words & Text Explanation
Activity& Exercises
Proverbs and Sayings about Animals
 Don’t count your chickens until
hatched.
别等孵出小鸡才去数你的鸡蛋
（事不宜迟）。
 The
busy bee has no time for
sorrow.
辛勤的蜜蜂永远没时间悲哀。
 Give
a man a fish and you’ll feed him
for a day.
Teach a man to fish and you’ll feed
him for life.
给一个人一条鱼可以让他吃一天。
教会他钓鱼可以让他吃一生。
（授人以鱼不如授人渔。）
Topic: Human beings and animals
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Introduction: Ever since the dawn
of civilization, animals have been
used to serve man in many ways.
Sheep and goats were bred to
provide wool, meat, and fat. Large
animals like oxen, water buffalo and
horses were used to pull ploughs
and carry heavy loads. ...The dog,
known in English-speaking
countries as “man’s best friend”,
is one of the most versatile animals.
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Man’s relationship with animals
has always been ambivalent (矛盾
的). On the one hand, animals have
been worshipped and attributed
with superior powers. On the
other hand, they have been
hunted, exploited as a source of
entertainment or food.
How should we treat animal?
Comprehension
work
 Animals are essential in our life. What roles can
animals play in our life? Give examples to illustrate
your points.
Roles
Examples
 As food
meat, pork, beef, mutton,
milk, chicken, venison（鹿肉）
 As …
 As…
 As…
Brainstorming
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Expressions of animal’s bodies
fur, feather, paw, plumage 鸟类羽毛
claw, tail, beak, wing,
fang 犬牙 , horn, hoof, fin, trunk,
hide 兽皮 , mane 鬃毛
1. Expressions of keeping pets
walking dogs,
keeping the pigeons in the cage,
keeping a pet a companion,
feed, bathe, training,
spay your pet,
pat your pet,
love your pet
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2. Expressions of characteristics of animals:
fierce, submissive, docile, understanding,
dangerous, poisonous, loveable, independent,
loyal, playful, cute, friendly
3.Some common proverbs and sayings with animals:
 love me and love my dog
 a black sheep
 He’s a tiger for work.
 as wily as a fox
 as busy as a bee.
 as stubborn as a mule.
 as strong as a horse.
 as timid as a mouse.
 as alert as a rabbit.
 as proud as a peacock
Hummingbird
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Hummingbird is also
called hum.
beak/bill
wing
tail
claw
plumage
favorite plant
nectar
A young male Ruby-throated
Hummingbird (left) marked
on upper breast and
throat with GREEN dye.
Also visible are a few of
the red throat feathers
that will continue to
molt(脱换羽毛） in over the
winter. The dye is nontoxic and wears off after
2-3 months.
Ruby-throated Hummingbird
Discussion
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Do you have or have you ever had a pet?
Can you tell the positive /negative points of
owing a pet?
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If you could, what animal would you like to
communicate with? Why?
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If possible, what would you say to the animal?
Comprehension Questions 0f Text
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1. Why couldn’t she believe her eyes when the
narrator caught sight of a young male
hummingbird in late October?
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2. Why did the narrator want to get the
hummingbird into her sun room ? And how did
she manage to do that?
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3. Why did the narrator decide to keep the
hummingbird all winter?
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4. What’s the relationship between the narrator
and the hummingbird?
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5. What’s the narrator’s dilemma as spring
rolled along?
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6. What was her hope after the narrator
released Squeak?
Vocabulary
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thrill
n. [C] a sudden very strong feeling of excitement
a thrill of joy/pleasure/horror 一阵高兴/…
vt.& vi.
We were thrilled with joy/horror…
We thrilled at the news.
She ~ed with delight when the handsome footballer kissed.
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thriller n. novel, play, or film in which excitement and
emotional appeal are the essential element
使人毛骨悚然的东西
Can you tell the difference between
thrift / thrifty /thrive
thrifty / thrift /thrive
thrifty: adj. careful and diligent in the use of resources
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She is a thrifty housewife. 她是位节俭的家庭主妇。
(antonym) wasteful
thrift
n. extreme care in spending money; reluctance to spend money
unnecessarily
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Hard work, plain living and building up the country
through thrift. 艰苦奋斗、勤俭建国.
thrive vi. (throve, thrived; thriven) grow stronger
兴旺, 繁荣, 旺盛,茁壮成长
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A business can not thrive without good management.
plumage
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N. the light horny waterproof structure forming the
external covering of birds 羽毛; 羽衣, 精致漂亮的衣服
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wild goose having white adult plumage.
(synonym) feather, plume
Tell the difference of plumage/plum/ plumb
entice : to draw on skillfully, as by arousing hopes or
desires
意为通过唤起希望或欲望巧妙地吸引
Eg.1) The teacher opened the door and, showing the toys
on the shelves, tried to entice him into the classroom.
2) The beautiful weather enticed me into the garden.
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the enticement of the big city
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an enticing smell of cooking
 entice away from ... 从...诱出
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entice sb. into doing sth. 怂恿某人做某事
entice sb. to do sth. 怂恿某人做某事
lure/ entice/ tempt/ seduce/induce
These verbs mean “to lead or attempt to lead into a wrong or
foolish course, as of action”
Lure vt
suggests the use of something that attracts like bait:
表示用象鱼饵似的东西来吸引：
eg:
Industry often seeks to lure scientists from universities by offering them huge salaries.
Phrase:
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alight on the lure [come to one‘s lure]
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bring sb. to his [the] lure 引某人上钩
上钩, 上当
tempt vt.
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implies the operation of an attraction that disposes or invites one to do something,
especially something immoral, unwise, or contrary to one's better judgment: 引诱; 诱惑, 引起
(食欲等) 吸引; 使发生兴趣, 冒...的风险
暗指一个诱惑物作用于某人，诱使其做某事，尤指做不道德、不明智、与其正常判断相反的事情：
never to be tempted off the straight path
tempt sb. to steal 诱人偷窃
tempt providence 冒大险
决不被引入歧途
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seduce vt. (seduced, seducing)
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is to entice away, as from duty, accepted principles, or
proper conduct; it usually suggests the overcoming of
moral resistance:诱奸；勾引, 诱使（人）犯罪,意为诱惑使脱离职责、
公认的准则或适当的行为； 它通常指摆脱道德的约束力
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seduce sb. from his duty 诱使某人放弃职责
induce : vt. cause to arise; cause to do; cause to act in a
specified manner
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引诱; 劝导; 诱发, 引起; 导致
induce sb. to do sth. 劝导某人做某事
induced abortion 引产; 人工流产
induced current 感应电流
Too much food induces sleepiness.
frost :ice crystals forming a white deposit冰冻, 严寒; 冰点以下的温度, 霜, 结霜
a heavy [hard, severe] frost 酷寒
ten degrees of frost 冰点下10度
frostbite vt. 使冻伤 n.冻疮
frostbitten adj. 生冻疮的,受霜害的
frostbound adj. 冰冻的, 不热情的,冰冻的（土地）
frosting n.霜状白糖, 玻璃粉, 无光泽面
chocolate frosting
撒巧克力糖粉; frosting
of paint
涂料的起霜(现
象)
frosty adj.霜冻的, 下霜的,冷淡的, 无情的 (须、发等)白的、灰白的; [喻]老的
a cold frosty day,
froth
泡沫
frosty looks ,
the frosty years of life
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hang out: 1)(slang) live, lodge;
2) display
hang about: /around: doing nothing definite 闲荡
hang together: support one another 团结一致; 和谐一致
If we all ~, our plan will succeed.
Their accounts of what happened don’t ~.(are inconsistent)
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hang-up n. difficulty
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hangar: 飞机库；（停放飞机的）棚场
hanger:衣架；挂衣钩
dress hanger /clothes hanger /coat hanger
hangnail:肉刺
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possible/workable/practicable/feasible/ viable
These adjectives signify” capable of occurring or of being done”.
possible indicates that something may happen, exist, be
true, or be realizable:表示某件事可能发生、存在、成为真实或成为
可实现的：
workable is used of something that can be put into
effective operation: 形容可有效实行的事物：
 Assuming that the scheme is workable, how will you
begin to implement it?
假设这个计划是可行的，你将怎样开始实现它呢?
practicable Something being effected, done, or put into
practice:形容能够被影响、完成或执行的事：
 As soon as it was practicable, he would wind up his
business. 一旦可行，他也将结束他的生意
feasible refers to what can be accomplished,
brought about, or carried out: 指能够完成、实施或执行的
Making cars by hand is possible but not
economically feasible.
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viable: Something viable
is both practicable and
workable; the term often implies capacity for continuing
effectiveness or success 指既可行又能有效实行的； 这个词经常表
示延续有效性或成功的能力：
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How viable are the ancient legends as vehicles for
modern literary themes?
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将古代传说作为表达现代文学主题的工具，这样的可行性有多少呢?
squeaky: adj.-ier, -iest 吱吱作响的；轧轧响的
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squeak n. a short high-pitched noise
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squeak by
九死一生的脱险; 非常勉强的成功
[through] 勉强通过; 险胜
queal vt.用又长又尖的声音说[发出, 表示] [俚]揭露; 揭发
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a narrow [close, near, tight] squeak
make sb. squeal 使某人尖叫 [俚]勒索[敲诈]某人钱财
squeal on sb. [俚]告发某人
squeal with sth. 因某事而尖叫
squawk vi.（鸟类）咯咯地叫,大声抱怨
queaky adj.
detour vt.& n. roundabout way
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make a detour 绕道而行
inquisitive/ inquisition/inquest/inquisitor
inquiry/enquiry/
inquisitive adj.好盘根问底的; 好奇的
inquisition n. 调查；审讯
inquest n.【律】审讯[问], 查询, 调查; 验尸, 陪审团; 验尸团
inquisitor 调查者; 审问者, 检察官
inquiry n. 询问, 打听; 质询
enquiry = n. inquiry
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Thank you for your enquiry / enquiries about
my health. 谢谢你问候我的健康情况。
investigation probe research inquest examination
inquiry
都含“调查”、“研究”、“探索”的意思
investigation 指“详尽的, 通常是正式的或官方的调查, 以弄清事实的真相”,
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the investigation of a crime调查罪行
probe 系新闻用语, 指“广泛而彻底的调查”, 如:
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mount a massive probe of sb.'s death 广泛调查某人之死。
research 指“科学家或学者为了发现新的事实或获得新信息而作从原始资料开始
进行坚韧不拔的调查或研究”, 如:
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He made a research into the cause of cancer.他对癌症病因进行了研究。
inquest 指“法律调查”, 如:
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a 2-year inquest into the case对该案进行历时两年的调查。
examination 强调“详细观察或检验某人或某事以求了解其真实情况”,
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He had a physical examination.他进行了一次体检。
inquiry 强调“以询问方式进行调查”, 如:
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Counselors began an inquiry into industrial needs.顾问们开始调查工业方面的需
要。
in sheer disbelief
sheer adj. 纯粹的, 全然的, 真正的,透明的; 极薄的,险峻的; 垂直的
 by sheer chance 纯属偶然地
 a sheer impossibility 绝对不可能
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a sheer cliff
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sheer nonsense
ladies’ sheer stockings
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strengthen the bond
bond
n.
债券；公债；证券
4.5% National Savings bonds 年利四分五厘的国家储蓄券
 契约；合同；票据
enter into a bond订契约
 联结
bonds of friendship友邦
 粘合
This new glue makes a firmer bond.新胶水粘得牢。
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get the nerve to do=encourage sb. to do sth.
nerve: n. 神经, 精力, 活力; 胆量, 勇气; 核心, 主要部分
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lose one’s nerve 失去勇气
have the nerve to do sth. 有勇气做某事
Set phrase:
get on sb.'s nerves 使人心烦不安；使人心神不定
 strain every nerve 竭尽全力
 be all nerves/one’s nerves are on edge.
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神经紧张, 高度不安
have a nerve [口]大胆; 放肆; 厚颜无耻
 have the nerve for [to do] sth. 有胆量做某事 厚脸皮做某事
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Key
phrases
in this
unit
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in sheer disbelief
strengthen the bond
capture one’s heart
in anticipation of
get the nerve to do
Grammar Points
Inversion
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谓语动词放在主语之前的这种语法现象称为倒装。
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从倒装的形式来看，可分为全部倒装(full inversion)和部分
倒装(partial inversion)两种。
前者是指整个谓语置于主语之前，而后者仅是指助动词、情
态动词或be 动词等功能置于主语这前。
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引起倒装的情况多种多样，倒装的表现形式大体有下列几
种：
1．在疑问句中
例1：How are you getting along with your work?
例2：Is this report written in detail?
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注：如疑问词作主语或者作定语修饰主语时，不发生倒装
2．在there be 及其类似结构中
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例1：There are forty students in our class.
 例2：There seem to be still some elements
undiscovered yet.
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例3：There stands a bridge across the river.
3．在表示祝愿的句子中
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例1：Long live the People’s Republic of
China!
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例2：May you succeed!
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例3：Dog-tired though they were, they
continued to march on.
4．在省略if 的虚拟语气条件状语从句中
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这类句子中有were, had, should等词时，把were, had或should
置于句首。
例1：Were there no air or water, there would be no life
in the world.
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例2：Had you been more careful, such spelling
mistakes might have been avoided.
5．在so, nor, neither或no more开头的句子中
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此类句子通常表示前面一句话中的谓语所说明的情况，也适用于另一句中
的主语。例如：
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1）This problem is not difficult and neither is that one.
2）Coal is under the ground in some places, and so is
oil.
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6．在以具有否定意义的副词、连词及词组开头的句子中
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这些词和词组通常有：rarely, never, scarcely, no sooner,
little, few, hardly, seldom, at no time, in no way, on
no account, nowhere, nobody, not only等。例如：
1）Visit our stores. Nowhere else will you find such
magnificent bargains.
2）Hardly had he finished his work when the
telephone rang.
3）Not only did he complain about the food, he also
refused to pay for it.
4）Little did we think his speech had made so deep an
impression on his audience.
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7．在强调表语时
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例1：Worst of all were the humiliations.
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例2：Such is the case.
8．在强调宾语时
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例1：Still greater contributions should we make
to our socialist construction.
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例2：Useful chemical fertilizer can we make
from the waste liquid.
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注：当前置宾语由“not a +名词”或者“not a
single +名词”构成时，也会引起倒装。例如：
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Alice had a terrible time touring that country. Not
a day did she spend without having some
unpleasantness with waiters in the hotel.
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9．在强调状语时
（1）当句首状语为方位词或拟声词，谓语动词为go, come等表示位置
转移的动词时句子须倒装。例如：
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1）Up went the plane.
2）In came the chairman and the meeting began.
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注：如果主语是代词则不发生倒装。例如：
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1）Out they rushed!
2）Lower and lower he bent.
(2) 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，句子须倒装。例如：
1）Round the corner walked a large policeman.
2）Under the table was lying a half-conscious
young man.
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（3）当句首状语由“only +副词”，“only +介词词组”，“only +状语从
句”构成时，句子须倒装。例如：
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1）Only yesterday did he find out that his watch
was missing.
2）Only because there were some cancelled
bookings did he get some tickets in the end.
（4）当句首状语为here, there, now, then等时，句子须倒装，主语是代
词时，句子不用倒装。例如：
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1）Here is a ticket for you.
2）Now comes your turn.
3）Here he comes.
（5）以关联词so (…that)开头的句子中，句子须倒装。例如：
1）So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.
2）So quickly did the workmen finish their work that
they were given a bonus.
3）So much does he worry about his financial
position that he can’t sleep at night.
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注：在该结构中，“so +形容词”是表语的前置；“so +副词”是状语的
前置。
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10．在直接引语之后
在叙事性书面语中，直接引语后常跟asked
Mary, answered
John, said the old lady, grunted Peter之类的词语。在这些词
语中，动词常的主语之前，主语是代词时，不用倒装。例如：
1）“What do you mean?” asked
Henry.
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2）“What do you mean?” he asked.
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11. often, many a time等表示频度的状语置于句首时
Often did they think of going there, but they
never had a chance.
 12．在as, though引导的让步状语从句中
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在as, though引导的让步状语从句中，一般将形容词、副词或名
词等置于句首。例如：
1）Small as the atom is, we can smash it.
2）Big as the workpiece is, it is turned out with
Cultural Notes
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Raising the question "Are animals intelligent?"
The phrase "animal intelligence" may introduce a
discussion about whether it is meaningful to speak
of animals as "intelligent" at all, or whether animal
behavior should instead be thought of as a series
of unthinking mechanical responses to stimuli that
originate in the animal's internal or external
environments, with only humans being capable of
conscious thought and flexible responding.
This debate is now largely obsolete.
On one hand, it has been superseded by a more
empirically-driven discussion about whether the
research program of animal cognition, which
assumes that animals have cognitive processes
similar to those of humans, is or is not successful.
On the other hand, it has been made obsolete by any
of a number of more modern approaches to human
intelligence.
Cultural Notes
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Why do we study animals to learn about
their intelligence?
The main purpose of animal intelligence study
is to learn about the origins of human's unique
intelligence by studying the mental processes
of lower species. In order to understand how
humans became smart we need to understand
the processes of association and learning in
other animals and how they may have led to
our development of art, religion or mathematics.
From the study of animal behavior, knowledge can be
gained about the events that constitute a learning
experience. The knowledge can be applied to other areas
of learning and experience in relation to intelligence. Also,
we can distinguish animal learning processes from
human. For example, the way in which a task is
presented to a subject may elicit a different response
indicating a different kind of intelligence. Finally, we can
study learning processes without the use of man's ability
to communicate with an elaborate symbol system or
language.
Cultural Notes
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Gorilla
largest of the great apes and one of the
closest living relatives of the human
species. Like chimpanzees, orangutans,
and other great apes, gorillas are
members of the primate order. Monkeys
and humans also belong to this order.
Until recently, accounts of the gorilla have
portrayed a ferocious, powerful beast
prone to attacking people.
Such descriptions proliferated
in various media, a prime
example being the American
motion-picture classic King
Kong (1933). Only after 1960
did evidence emerge, from
the field studies of American
zoologists George B. Schaller
and Dian Fossey, that the
gorilla is a relatively gentle
vegetarian who attacks only if
directly threatened.