The LLM Pre-sessional
course at the University of
Southampton
Dr Liz Hauge, Centre for Language Study
Prof Natalie Lee, Head of the School of Law
2003: Pre-sessional courses at the
University of Southampton
Preparatory course: 6 weeks of General English
Course A: 8 weeks of English for General Academic
Purposes
Course B: 4 weeks of English for General Academic
Purposes
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Course content
- Academic Reading skills
- Academic Writing skills
- Academic Listening and Note-taking skills (with live
‘guest’ lectures from university staff in various disciplines)
- Academic Speaking skills
- Grammar
- Pronunciation
- Independent study/ tutorials
Materials: General EAP materials in skills course books)
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Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages
Students become familiar with:
- UK HE teaching /learning methods
- The university and the local environment
- British culture (to some extent)
Disadvantages
Students become familiar with:
- Written English formats and vocabulary which may be
irrelevant to their specific needs
- A referencing system which may not be used in their
discipline
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A problem in the School of Law
A large intake of international students, some of whom
were experiencing severe problems with certain aspects
of the LLM:
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–
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coping with the heavy reading workload;
writing in appropriate legal formats;
researching and giving academic presentations;
participating in seminars).
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Addressing the problem
A short discipline-specific in-sessional course:
- Reading skills using legal texts (with some practice)
- Writing skills – introducing the two formats used in
legal academic writing (but no time for practising these)
- Presentation skills (but no time for all to practise)
- Vocabulary for seminar discussions (very little time for
practice)
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Points which emerged…
- IELTS 6.5: an inadequate level of language
proficiency for a PG degree in Law;
- The in-sessional vs the demands of the LLM: no
contest. Students need to be able to focus
exclusively on improving their English and
study skills;
- Students need time for practice as well as
instruction if they are learn a skill.
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An LLM Pre-sessional course for 2004
Designing a course to meet the students’ needs
- Needs analysis
- Aims and learning outcomes
- Forms of assessment
- Materials and Resources
- Location
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2010: LLM PS Course Content
- Academic Reading (cases, statutes, legal texts)
- Critical Thinking (initial sessions, but applied throughout)
- Academic Listening and Note-taking (with 9 Law lectures)
- Academic Writing (essays; summaries of cases)
- Academic Speaking (researching and giving presentations;
leading and participating in seminar discussions)
- Grammar ; Pronunciation (in needs-based groups)
- Independent Study/ Individual tutorials
- Occasional talks (MCA; past students); ‘Film Club’
Materials: developed in-house using cases, statutes and
current legal topics in the news.
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Assessment: a portfolio system
- Assesses all four language skills independently and in
integration - to identify students’ strength and
weaknesses;
- Clear assessment criteria for all assessed work,
enabling students (and Law) to understand how marks
were given and the total reached for each piece of work;
- Motivates students to take control of their progress and
work to do better throughout the course.
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Passing the course
- Weighting: coursework 60%; end of course
assessment 40%
- An overall pass of 70% on both coursework and
the end of course assessment:
42/60 pass for coursework;
28/40 pass for end of course assessment.
LLM PS Board results are sent to Law immediately after
the Board, followed by individual reports on all students
before the start of the academic year.
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Evaluating the course (1)
- The students
- The tutors
- The School of Law
All written and spoken feedback positive and constructive:
- The students recommend the course to their friends (and
family members!) at home;
- The tutors generally return each year and contribute new
ideas and develop new materials;
- The School of Law staff (HoS and lecturers) are enthusiastic
about the course – and contribute significantly to its
success.
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Evaluating the course (2): LLM exam results
Fewer students now fail the LLM than before:
- Summer 2004: 19% of students failed one or more
papers
- Summer 2010: 9.7% of students failed one or more
papers (only 3 of whom had taken the LLM PS)
This comparison is all the more remarkable bearing in
mind that, from October 2008, students take four rather
than the previous three modules (together with the
dissertation).
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LLM Periodic Review 2009
The Review Panel:
- praised the “innovative” LLM pre-sessional course
- commended the high quality of student work
- commented favourably on the LLM pass/fail ratio
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Conclusions
A discipline-specific pre-sessional course is only as good
as the partnership between the receiving school and the
ESAP (English for Specific Academic Purposes) tutors who
will deliver it.
A good discipline-specific pre-sessional course can enable
students to begin the academic year with a high level of
confidence - and each year, students who took the LLM PS
tell us during the year how glad they are that they took
the course, and they are happy to promote it.
See:
http://www.soton.ac.uk/law/pgopportunities/students/index.html
#pgr
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However, such a course must:
- be very well-designed (following a thorough needs
analysis);
- have sound materials (preferably created in-house);
- incorporate authentic tasks (content lecturers can advise
here);
- have dedicated and creative ESAP tutors;
- have a series of lectures/workshops (contributed by the
receiving school)
- have a fair and transparent system of assessment;
…and ideally, it should be based in the school where the
students will be registered.
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Recommendations
- ESAP tutors and content lecturers need to form a
good working relationship;
- Take time to plan and consider carefully how the
course can best meet the students’ needs;
- Decide on the best timing and duration of the
course ;
- Decide on a realistic entry level English language
requirement (NB: IELTS 6.5 = Intermediate
language user) and set entry scores for each
skill.
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The last word
The last word should, perhaps,
come from the students:
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