Church and Empire in Tension
(pgs. 124-146)

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Boniface: The Apostle to the Germans
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Benedictine Monk in England
 Left to do missionary work in the Netherlands = failure
 Went to pope for guidance, sent him to Germany
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A Wandering Bishop
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Working with the Frankish Government
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Bede: The Historian-Monk
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Spent entire life in same monastery
 Wrote explanations of Scriptures and sermons on religious topics

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The Donation of Pepin: The Papal States
 Pepin helped pope drive off Lombards, gave him territory
Charlemagne: A Return of the Roman Empire
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Pepin’s son Charles organized part of Western Europe into a
Frankish kingdom
Conversion by the Sword
An Emperor Again
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Pope Leo III crowns him “Emperor to the Romans”
An Emphasis on Education
Direction for the Church
The Fate of the Empire
 For Review pg. 132

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A System for Defense
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The Pyramid of Feudalism
 Serfs, landlords/vassals, higher lords, king
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Living Conditions
 Lords and wealthy vassals lived in castles on their estates
The Feudal Monastery
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Church had major role with bishops and abbots often being powerful lords of feudal estates
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Church remained only constant and promised salvation

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The Vikings: Invaders from the Sea
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“sea rovers” aka Norsemen (men from the north)
Invasion spurred feudalism
The Slavs: Lining Up with the Eastern and Western
Churches
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A Need for Worship in Their Own Language
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Slav state, Greater Moravia developed
 Byzantine emperor sends Cyril and Methodius to live with Slavs; devised Slavic alphabet
Other Slavic Peoples
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Poland, Russia, Magyar
For Review pg. 141

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Conflicts of Church and State
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East-Versus-West Tensions
The Papacy Up for Grabs
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Roman nobles control appointment of pope
Pope John XII and King Otto I
Bishops and Abbots Indebted to Counts and Dukes

Simony: “buying” office of bishop
Cluny: A Creative Response to the Church-State
Dilemma
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Duke begins new Benedictine monastery in Cluny, France, independent of any control by local lord or secular ruler
 For Review pg. 144