McDougal Littell : LITERATURE
UNIT 5. Why Write?
Author’s
Purpose
♥★☆♡♤♠♧♣
Author’s
Purpose
The writer’s reason for crafting a particular work (can be
known by the phrases the author uses)
 to inform, to entertain, to persuade, to express thoughts
or feelings, to teach the reader
Ex) To alarm the reader  use statistics to describe a
disaster
Author’s
Perspective
The
unique combination of ideas, values, and beliefs that
influences the way a writer looks at a topic (can be known
by the words and phrases the author use, or is shown in
direct sentences)
Journals and reports do not intentionally broadcast their
values
(Journalists: ONLY report FACTS)
Essays and speeches: express their beliefs in a subtle
ELEMENTS OF
LITERATURE
• Tone: expression of the writer’s
attitude toward a subject
• Diction=Syntax: word choice and
the arrangement of those words
• Classification: sort ideas or objects
into groups that share common
characteristics
ELEMENTS OF
LITERATURE
• Monitoring: check your
understanding as you read and
adjusting the reading strategies to
improve comprehension
• Imagery: words or phrases that
recreate sensory experiences
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Sujin
EunS
eo
Dohy
un
Minju
ng
•Nonfiction
•Media
•Fiction
•Poetry
MS30207 Sujin Baek ♥
NONFICTIONNNNN
THE PLOT AGAINST
• Story style: Essay
• Author: Russell Baker
Inanimate Objects
Those
that
break
down
Those
that get
lost
Those
that don’t
work
Those that break
down
• Break down at the moment when it is most needed
• Ex) automobile breaks down in the street intersection during
the rush hour / when fully loaded with luggage on a family
trip
•  Creates maximum misery, inconvenience, frustration and
irritability
• (washing machines, lawn mowers, tape recorders etc.)
Those that get lost
• Objects have developed a secret method of locomotion able to
hide away from the sight of a human
•  Raises the owner’s blood pressure
• Ex) Women’s wallet get lost and then found under a couch six or
seven rooms away
• (wallets, keys, pliers etc.)
Those that don’t
work
• Work once, usually for the first few hours after being
brought home, and then never work again
• Defeated man by making man never to expect anything
of them
• Ex) We do not expect the toy train to work after it has
stopped working
• (barometers, toy trains, flashlights, lighters etc.)
Humorous
Essay?
Complicated words and sentence structure
(suitable for a scientific paper)
 subject matter is related to our everyday
lives.
MS30213 EunSeo Lee ★
MEDIAAAAAAAAH
News Reports
• Reliability and usefulness
News Reports
• Credibility
– the believability and trustworthiness of
source and report
Questions to ask about…
News
Report
• News outlet, anchor, field
• Purpose, fact, statistics
• Sources, experts
Web
Report
•
•
•
•
Which URL?
The webmaster
Purpose and detail
Date, time, source, facts, links
News Report
• Comprehension
– Summarize and clarify
• Media Literacy
– Analyze credibility
– Make judgements
– Compare types of sources
– Compare credibility
MS30206 Dohyun Park ♪
FICTIONNNNNNN
AND OF CLAY ARE
AUTHOR: Isabel Allende
• Writes about PASSIONATE LIVES
• Born in a Chilean family w/ political ties
• 1970s Exile into U.S.
"Allende can spin a funny, sensual yarn, but she can also
use her narrative skills to remind us that parallel to our
placid and comfortable existence is another, invisible
universe, one where poverty, misery and torture are all
too real."
-Patricia Hart, The Nation
PLOT
• Narrator is Rolf Carle’s lover and
companion, telling her & Rolf’s own
experience of saving the girl
• Geologists, aware of the coming
volcanic eruption, set up seismological
equipment
• Inhabitants under the volcanic area did
not believe the geologists and did not
want to change their lives.
PLOT
• ERUPTION
• Rolf tried to rescue Azucena, meaning
Lily.
• Azucena could not breathe or move in
the mud.
• Rolf’s lover, the narrator, in vain asked
high officials for help.
PLOT
• As Rolf sang an Austrian song, he
remembered his sore experience of
being led by the Russians and his
brutal father.
• He suddenly remembered his sister
Katherena whom he had abandoned
and felt love for Azucena.
PLOT
• President of Republic promises Rolf
that Azucena will be saved; indeed,
she is.
• As her life fades away, Rolf feels
primal love for Azucena, more than for
his own family or even the narrator.
• Rolf and the narrator often goes to
place where they found Azucena and
feels the footage.
Dramatic finding of
Azucena
Rolf’s
remembrance of
his past
Rolf&Narrator’s
Praying for
endless efforts to
Azucena’s
save Azucena
peaceful death
ERUPTION
Geologists predict
the volcanic
eruption
Rolf&Narrator’s
normal life
AUTHOR’S PURPOSE
• Allende was inspired by a TV news
about Omaira Sanchez.
I was finally able to decipher the message in those
intense black eyes: patience, courage, resignation,
dignity in the face of death
(Quote by Allende, when her daughter died)
MS30202 MinJung Kim ♠
POETRYYYYYYY
Peruvian child
• By Pat Mora
Pat Mora
Pat Mora
• A Chicana author
known primarily for
her poetry and
children’s books.
• Cultural
preservationist
She whispered to the doll with no face,
Smoothed the red and blue scraps
Of cloth on the path, ironed them with her
hand,
Wrapped and re-wrapped the doll, hair
Mud-tangled as the child’s, and the dog’s
And the llama’s that followed the child’s
Small bare feet after she bundled the doll
In the striped manta on her back
Descriptive language
Peruvian Child
Still in the middle of my path is the Child
With no smile who stared at us. Her eyes
Even then the eyes of women who sell
chickens
And onions in outdoor markets. The women
Who stare at us as if we are guards.
Mood : fear
Figurative language
The matted group stood by the edge of the
spring
Watching us drink clear, holy water of the Inca,
A fountain of youth, our guide said.
We wanted, as usual, to hold a picture
Of the child in a white border, not to hold her
Mud-crusted hands or feet or face,
Not to hold her, the child in our arms.
irony
Analysis
Fear of unknown
Mood : anxiety &
dissonance
Analysis
Rhyme : syncopated
to use
percussionist’s
terminology
Theme : the idea of the
open-minded person that all
the people are the same but
there are certain cultural
barriers that we must be
willing to cross in order to
appreciate, realize, or digest
this.
HAHAHAHAHA~LUGH! ♥
THANK YOU
FAIRY MUCH!