Osteoporosis
Manal Al Mashaleh
Osteoporosis

Losing density of the bones
(thinning of the bones)
Understanding Bone Building





Like all the cells in the body, bone is constantly
changing. Old bone is removed and new bone is
formed. This process is done by two types of bone
cells: Osteoclasts and Osteoblasts.
Osteoclasts remove old bone cells
Osteoblasts build new bone cells.
When Osteoblasts are more active than
Osteoclasts, bones grow.
The bones of children grow quickly because their
Osteoblasts are more active than their
Osteoclasts.


Somewhere about the age of 35,
the balance begins to shift so
osteoclasts become more active
than Osteoblasts.
Osteopenia occurs when your
Osteoclasts have been removing
more bone than your Osteoblasts
are making
Causes of Osteoporosis










Smoking
Chronic dehydration
Genetics
Aging
Medical conditions
Medications
Sedentary life style
Alcohol use
Caffeine
Vitamin D defeciency (osteomalcia in adults and
rickets in children)
Medical Conditions:
















Anorexia
Bulimia
Celiac disease
Chronic Kidney Disease or Dialysis
Cerebral Palsy
Cushings syndrome
Gastrectomy
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism
Hypogonadism
IBD
Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple myeloma
Osteo-genesis imperfect
Organ transplants
Sickle Cell anemia.
Medically prescribed drugs:












Depro-Provera
Glucocorticoids (steroids);
Drugs with Aluminum- including antacids,
Anticonvulsants eg. Dilantin, Phenobarbital;
Cytotoxic drugs
GNRH
Cancer chemotherapy
Cyclosporine A
Heparin
Lithium
Proton pump inhibitors
Thyroid hormone replacement



Usually the first sign of excessive
bone loss is a fracture - especially
one that happens after an ordinary
fall.
Does not usually show up on a Xray
Dexa scan (Dual-energy x-ray
absorptiometry)
Treatment







Calcium supplement : 1200mg daily
Vit D :400-800 IU daily
Exercise
Avoid cigarette smoking and
caffeine intake
Bisphosphonate
Calcitonin
Estrogen