Tissue Engineering
Mouse Ears
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PEc7QXAjsL4&feature=related
1997 MIT
Engineering Tissue
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WvSxZ4JKQAY&feature=related
 Corneal Tissue Engineering
 Blood vessel tissue engineering
 Liver tissue engineering
 Cartilage tissue engineering
 Bone tissue engineering
Key Factors involving tissue engineering
Scaffold( ceramics
collagen, polymers)
Interactive traids
of responsive cells
Cell Culture( stem
cell, osteoblast,
chondrocyte,
hepatocyte
Signaling
Molecules (Growth
Factors, proteins
Supportive
matrix
Bioactive
molecules
promoting
differentiation and
regeneration
Tissue/Organ
regeneration
Application of tissue engineering
 Transplantation
 Cellular and tissue
bases product
 Alternative to animal
test
3D culture
Developing procedures used in cartilage tissue engineering
1st generation
Principle
approach
Autologous cell
transplant
Important
component
Periosteal
flaps( 修補
組織 骨骼)
2nd generation
Performed tissue
flaps 3D construct
Delivery
substances and
scaffold( 體內重新
建構)
3rd generation
In vivo regeneration
and guided tissue
repair
Growth factors and
biomaterials(體內再
生)
Cartilage Tissue Engineering
I.
Autologous chondrocyte
1. Isolation of tissue sample from patients
2. Tissue regeneration by precursor cells
or embryonic stem cells
 articular cartilage repair, nasal septal
cartilage scaffolds for cartilage for
tissue repair
ECM ( Extra cellular Matrix)
ECM interaction directly influence cell signaling via
cell adhesion molecules such as integrin and
cadhedrin, fibronectin, collagen, laminin….
Extracellular Matrix in relation to epithelium endothelium and
connective tissue
Epithelial cell
Basement
membrane
Endothelial lining the
capillary
Connective tissue with
interatitial matrix
Fibroblast
Steering Stem Cell Differentiation
Differentiation of stem cells induced by binding to extracellular
matrix components (e.g. proteins such as fibronectin, collagen
and laminin)components
http://inano.au.dk/organization/research-groups/nanobiointerfaces/research/steering-stem-cell-differentiation/
II. Scaffold for tissue construction
1. Act as shape and guidance template for
in vitro and in vivo tissue development
2. Permit 3D immobilization and maintain
differentiation
materials: hyaluronic acid, collagen, alginate,
chutosan, synthetic biodegradable poly( hydroxy ester) polyacetic acid,( PLIA), polyglycolic
acid( PGA), PLGA……
Embedding medium
( hydrogel)
Chondrocyte or
Mesenchyma stem cell
Polymer fiber
Biosynthetic scaffolds
Collagen scafold
Tissue scafold
Cells
and
+
Growth factors
In vivo
transplant
Engineering Organs from Scratch
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0QJh0yc2mAI&feature=related
Tissue in cardiovascular structure
Advantages:
1. Avoid repeat operation
2. No rejection by the patients immune system
3. Cells behave like endothelial cells may have low
thrombus formation and low infection
i.e. valves, blood vessels, vascular patches
Basic steps in tissue engineering of a cardiac valve
Bone marrow
cells harvest
Valve
scaffold
Cell- scaffold
construct
Approaches to create a vascular graft
Cross
linking
Exogenous
chemicals
Cells + tubular scaffold
Smooth muscle cells
progenitor cells
collagen gel/elastin
fibrin
Extra cellular matrix
Biodegradable
polymers
Mechanical
stimulations
Endothelial lining
Autulogous EC
Circulating EPC
Allogenic EC
Embryonic stem
cell
In vivo
implantation
Non-thromgenicity
Immune response
Remodeling
American Journal of Transplantation 2004; 4 (Suppl. 6): 36–42
How to Build a Beating Heart
http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/series/explorer/4828/Photos/3671755b
e79cd210VgnVCM1000000100007fRCRD#tab-Videos/09347_00
http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/series/explorer/4828/Pho
tos/3671755be79cd210VgnVCM1000000100007fRCRD#tabVideos/10008_00
http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/series/explorer/4828/Pho
tos/3671755be79cd210VgnVCM1000000100007fRCRD#tabVideos/09346_00
Artificial skin
skin substitute
 Adhere to the substrate,
 Durable and sufficiently elastic
 Tolerate some deformation
 Allow evaporative water loss
 Provide a microbial barrier
 Promote homeostasis
 Easy to use
 Readily available immediately after injury, and elicit a
 Regeneration-like response from the wound bed
without evoking an inflammatory, foreign-body, or nonself immunologic reaction.
Annu. Rev. Med. 2000. 51:231–244
Artificial skin
Artificial skin
Therapy using Artificial skin
MSC (Mesenchyma Stem Cells)
 Proliferate in cultures
 Differentiate into multiple mesenchyma lineage
ie. correction of genetic disorder of ,
i.e bone cartilage
Preparation of 3-D mesenchyma cells
Cell seeding on cotton gauze
framed collagen substratum
Formation of multilayer
mesenchyma cells
Physical detachment
3D culture
Preparation of 3-D mesenchyma cells
Seeding of
mesenchyma cells
confluent
mesenchyma cells
Seeding of
epithelial cells
Coculture of epithelial
and mesenchyma cells
Detachment of epithelial
cells –attached
mesenchyma cell sheet
Formation of
hetero-spheroid
Osteoblast
 Arise from mesenchyma cells( MSC)
 MSC may be differentiate into osteoblast in vitro
 Cultured osteoblast may form extracellular
matrix in culture
Transplantation of cultured bone cells
Bone marrow derived
osteoblast
Cultured bone
T. Uemura et al. / Biomaterials 24 (2003) 2277–2286
Transplantation of cultured bone cells
Bone marrow derived
osteoblast
Cultured bone
T. Uemura et al. / Biomaterials 24 (2003) 2277–2286
T. Uemura et al. / Biomaterials 24 (2003) 2277–2286
T. Uemura et al. / Biomaterials 24 (2003) 2277–2286
Elastomeric PGS Scaffolds in Arterial Tissue Engineering
http://www.jove.com/details.php?id=2691
Tissue Engineering -- Building Body Parts
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ofiLcTs7_Ys&feature=related