Task 1
Function of plasma protein in
diagnosis of animal disease
What is plasma ?
• Blood plasma is the straw-colored liquid
component of blood
• in which the blood cells in whole blood are
normally suspended.
• It makes up about 55% of the total blood
volume.
What is plasma protein?
• Plasma proteins are proteins found in the
blood plasma
• protein-rich fluid which is left behind when
platelets, red blood cells, and white blood
cells are removed from the blood.
• Blood proteins = serum proteins =plasma
proteins
Definition
• Any of the various dissolved proteins of blood
plasma, including antibodies and bloodclotting proteins, that act by holding fluid in
blood vessels by osmosis.
Components of plasma protein
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Albumin
most abundant of the plasma proteins
about 60 percent of all the proteins.
manufactured by the liver
responsible for transporting various substances
in the blood, including drugs.
• maintain water balance and contribute to
osmotic pressure
• Globulin
• The globulin proteins include enzymes, protein
carriers, and gamma globulin, or antibodies,
• gamma globulins are made by lymphocytes
• Globulins fall into one of four groups based on
their size and electrical charge:
• gamma, beta, alpha-1 and alpha-2.
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Fibrinogen
also called Factor I
another plasma protein produced by the liver
produce clots to help stop bleeding.
It is a sticky, fibrous coagulant found in the blood
that produces thrombin, that in turn converts to
fibrin,
• the main protein in a blood clot.
• Eg :hemophilia (the "bleeding disease")
Electrophoresis
• Description
• Proteins are major components of muscle,
enzymes, hormones, hemoglobin, and other
body tissues.
• Proteins are composed of elements that can be
separated from one another by several different
techniques:
• chemical methods, ultracentrifuge, or
electrophoresis.
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There are two major types of electrophoresis:
(1)protein electrophoresis
(2)immunoelectrophoresis.
Immunoelectrophoresis is used to assess the
blood levels of specific types of proteins called
immunoglobulins.
• An immunoelectrophoresis test is usually
ordered if a SPEP test has a "spike," or rise, at
the immunoglobulin level.
• Protein electrophoresis
• is used to determine the total amount of
protein in the blood
• and to establish the levels of other types of
proteins called albumin, alpha1 globulin,
alpha2 globulin, and beta-globulin
Definition of electrophoresis
• A technique used to separate different
elements (fractions) of a blood sample into
individual components.
• Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) is a
screening test that
• Measures the major blood proteins by
separating them into five distinct fractions:
• albumin, alpha1, alpha2, beta, and gamma
proteins.
• Protein electrophoresis can also be
performed on urine.
Purpose
• To evaluate, diagnose, and monitor a variety
of diseases and conditions.
• It can be used for these purposes because the
levels of different blood proteins rise or fall in
response to such disorders as cancer,
intestinal or kidney protein-wasting
syndromes, disorders of the immune system,
liver dysfunction, impaired nutrition, and
chronic fluid-retaining conditions.
References
• http://www.ehow.com/facts_6208286_functi
on-protein-maintaining-blood-volume_.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrophoresis
Function
Function
Diseases
Abnormal in albumin concentration
Hyperalbuminaemia
in albumin concentration during dehydration and excessive stasis
during venepuncture
Analbuminaemia
in albumin concentration. It is rare disorder and does not shows
any symptoms or sign due to compensatory increases in globulin
Diseases
Abnormal in α2 concentration
Nephrotic syndrome, hepatic cirrhosis, collagen
disorder
Increasing in α2-macroglobulin
Diseases
Abnormal in β-Globulin concentration
Haemolytic anaemia, liver disease
Decrease in haptoglobulin
Nephrotic syndrome
Increase in haptoglobulin
Diseases
Abnormal in Gamma-Globulin concentration
Hepatic cirrhosis, paraprotein
Increase in immunoglobulin
Nephrotic syndrome
Decrease in immunoglobulin
References
• Clinical bichemistry e-book