RENEWABLE ENERGY POTENTIAL TO SUPPORT THE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROVINCE OF SOUTHEAST
SULAWESI OF INDONESIA
Outlines
•Background
•Objective
•Geography – topography
condition
•Socio-economic condition
•Electricity utilization and the
problem
•Some potential renewable
resources
•Conclusion
RIDWAY BALAKA ,
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF HALUOLEO UNIVERSITY
Background



Economic
growth
and
improvement of people’s living
standard link to increasing
utilization of energy
Electricity , one of the energy
forms, the driving forces of the
economic development of all the
nations (Kaundinya et al, 2009)
It is believed that almost all of
the 1.6–2 billion people live
without access to electricity in
which most of them live in the
developing world (Zand et al,
2009).
Objective






Southeast Sulawesi, a developing province , seems posing the
problem of the electricity provision of its community.
Limited infrastructure and topography geography constraints.
The role of Renewable Energy in tackling this problem (locally,
sustainably and environmentally friendly)
It is believed that this province has potential of RE to support
the energy provision.
This study reviews some potential of RE in this province.
Methodology;
literature study of some journal papers,
magazines and the authentic government data such as BPS and
the department of energy and mineral resources (ESDM).
Geography –topography condition









East Indonesia
The southern part of the Equator
02°45' and 06°15' S.Lat,
120°45‘ and 124°45' E,Long
Main island and many small Islands
74 % sea ( 110. 000 km2),
26% land (38.140 km2)
10 districts & 2 cities
Mountainous and undulated soil surface
The up-mountain range (1,868,860 ha),
Mostly at an altitude 100 – 500 m
with the slopes of 40 degrees
Sources ; BPS (2010), BPS Sultra (2010), ESDM Sultra (2011)
Socio-economic condition
Population more than 2.2
millions. The majority in
Kolaka and Kendari
HDI 69 ( IND 71.17)
Poor condition 14 %,
91, 4 % in rural region
literacy rate is 93.6% &
86.6% for both man and
woman respectively (IND
94.3% and 87.5 %)
GDP 400 USD ( the majority
from agriculture sector ) IND
2400 USD
Life expectancy is 70.4 year
(Indonesia; 70.9)
Sources ; BPS (2010), BPS Sultra (2010),)
DISTRIBUTION OF THE POPULATION OF SOUTHEAST SULAWESI PROVINCE
OF INDONESIA
Electricity utilization and the problem
100
365 GWH/year (eq.
electricity pct. 50 watt )
IND 174 Watt
Percentage (%)
Major source from PLN
80
Population
Electrification Ratio
60
40
20
0
Electricity ratio 56 %
307.531 of 547.924 total
households , 1440 of the
total of 2196 villages
Districts
Sources ; EIA (2012), BPS (2010), BPS Sultra (2010), ESDM Sultra (2011)
Some potential renewable resources
HYDRO ENERGY
( 0.8 GW)
The existence of many rivers,
the mountainous and hilly
land characteristic and the
forest.
Several of the rivers flow
across almost in every
district/city in this province.
Sources ; BPS Sultra (2010), ESDM Sultra (2011)
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
River
District
Newijo
Lasolo
Lalindu
Konaweha
Lansilowo
Mosolo
Lampeapi
Lawey Roraya
Ngari-ngari
Winto Winning
Kabungka
Sampolawa
Lakaritsu
LakangBola
Lakawa
Emoiko
Sangkona
Labuhan
Langkoroni
Pohoroa
Langkumbe
Ronta
Towor
Katangana
Toki
Latobera
Lantowu
Alawatu
Tamboli
Mangolo
Oko-Oko
Konawe Utara
Konawe Utara
Konawe Utara
Konawe Utara
Konawe
Konawe
Konawe
Konawe Selatan
Buton
Buton
Buton
Buton
Buton
Buton
Bombana
Bombana
Bombana
Buton Utara
Buton Utara
Buton Utara
Buton Utara
Buton Utara
Muna
Muna
Muna
Muna
Kolaka Utara
Kolaka Utara
Kolaka
Kolaka
Kolaka
Debit
(M3/s)
3
124
77
413
5.1
5.3
13.8
12.3
0.35
12.3
4.6
5.4
0.27
4
0.28
0.5
0.5
0.47
0.28
0.32
0.56
0.23
8
3.5
1.1
0.2
3.2
26.3
7
1.4
2.53
Capacity
(MW)
0.34
100
0.5
200
2
7.9
10
1.4
10.5
1.6
0.36
0.48
0.017
0.75
13
0.059
0.94
0.035
0.014
0.012
0.021
0.52
0.48
0.078
0.033
0.045
3.6
2.9
0.7
0.22
0.01
Some potential renewable resources
No
GEOTHERMAL
(0.38 GW)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Location
Lainea
Pancasila
Sonae
Lampeapi
Wongkolo
Abuki
Kaendi
Landai
Puungkolo
Pebuinga
Osuntunduho
Nambomopula
Pudonggala
Lemomole_lembu
Lamopula
Matandahi
Anggolom - Baebia
Bahomokule
Wawolessea
Manggolo
Sampolawa
Kabungka
Capacity
(Mwe)
60
15
10
10
5
20
30
20
15
10
10
10
10
10
10
20
10
30
10
50
5
10
District
Konawe Selatan
Konawe Selatan
Konawe Selatan
Konawe
Konawe
Konawe
Konawe
Konawe
Konawe
Konawe
Konawe
Konawe
Konawe
Konawe
Konawe
Konawe
Konawe Utara
Konawe Utara
Konawe Utara
Kolaka
Buton
Buton
Sources ; ESDM Sultra (2011)
Some potential renewable resources
SOLAR ENERGY
The potential solar energy of
1985
KWH/m2
(or
5.57
2
KWH/m /day).
The
location
around equator line
WIND
BIOMASS
(0.8 GW)
The forest dominated the land
utilization by almost 2 million ha.
The estate land garden land,
wooded land and temporarily
fallow land.
The average wind speed in
most of coastal regions
accounts for 3-5 m/s
MARINE ENERGY
The majority part of this
province is sea.
Paddy,
maize,
cassava,
Bean,coffee, kapok, pepper,
nutmeg, clove,cashew nut, cocoa,
sugar-palm, vanilla, areca nut,
tamarind,
tobacco,
coconut,
cotton, sugarcane, ginger and
sago.
Sources ; Sudia (2011), BPS (2010), BPS Sultra (2010), ESDM Sultra (2011)
Some potential renewable resources
( Recapitulation )
1000
POWER ( MW )
800
600
400
200
0
Electricity use
Hydro
Geothermal
Biomass
Sources ; Sudia (2011), ESDM Sultra (2011)
Conclusion




Electricity plays important role in the development.
Southeast Sulawesi is a developing region in which the
electricity provision still becomes a problem.
Geography –topography condition seems to be one of the
main causes
Since this province has still many potential renewable energy
resources such as water, solar, biomass, geothermal, wind and
sea, the development of renewable power technology can be
one of the appropriate solutions in dealing with the lack power
distribution.