Defense Support of Civil Authorities
Edwin A. Hurston, CEM
21 September 2012
1
Learning Objective
Summarize the mechanisms and constraints of
Homeland Defense and Defense Support of Civil
Authorities (DSCA) while preparing for and
responding to an emergency in accordance with
DoD instructions and policies.
2
3
Definitions
• Homeland Defense (HD): The protection of United States
sovereignty, territory, domestic population, and critical
defense infrastructure against external threats and aggression
or other threats as directed by the President. (JP 3-27)
• Homeland Security (HS): A concerted national effort to
prevent terrorist attacks within the United States, reduce
America’s vulnerability to terrorism, and minimize the damage
and recover from attacks that do occur. (JP 3-28)
• Civil Support (CS): DoD support to US civil authorities for
foreign or domestic emergencies, and for designated law
enforcement and other activities. (JP 3-28)
4
Strategy for HD and CS
• Achieve Mission Assurance through
Force Protection, ensuring Security
of Defense Critical Infrastructure, and
executing Crisis Management and
Continuity of Operations
• Support civil authorities in
minimizing and recovering from
domestic CBRNE catastrophes/mass
casualty attacks
• Ensure support to civil authorities is
consistent with domestic incident
response framework of the NRP and
NIMS
5
Strategy for HD and CS
• Achieving Mission Assurance through:
– Ensure Force Protection
– Preparedness and protection of defense critical
infrastructure
– Preparedness of the Defense Industrial Base
– Defense crisis management and DoD continuity
preparedness
6
Strategy for HD and CS
• Improving US and International Capabilities for
Homeland Defense and Homeland Security through:
– Improved interagency planning and interoperability
– Improved State and local partnership capacity and effective
domestic relationships
– Improved international partnership capacity and effective
defense-to-defense relationships
7
DoD Support of Homeland Security
Homeland Security
DoD is LFA
Homeland Defense
(Mission Assurance)
DoD is LFA
DoD Unique
Capabilities and
Resources
Employed
DoD Supports LFA
Defense Support of
Civil Authorities
DoD Supports LFA
DoD Unique
Capabilities and
Resources
Employed in
support of LFA
8
Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA)
Support provided by U.S. Federal military forces,
DoD civilians, DoD contract personnel, DoD
Component assets, and National Guard forces
(when the Secretary of Defense, in coordination
with the Governors of the affected States, elects
and requests to use those forces in Title 32, U.S.C.,
status) in response to requests for assistance from
civil authorities for domestic emergencies, law
enforcement support, and other domestic
activities, or from qualifying entities for special
events. (DoDD 3025.18)
9
DoDD 3025.18, “Defense Support of Civil
Authorities (DSCA)”
• Establishes DSCA policy
– Combines MSCA, MACA, & MACDIS
• Authorizes immediate response authority for providing DSCA
(to save lives, prevent human suffering, or mitigate great
property damage)
• Requires DSCA requests be in writing and include an offer to
reimburse DoD
• Requests shall be evaluated for:
- Legality
- Cost
- Lethality
- Appropriateness
- Risk
- Readiness
10
Declarations and Authorizations
• President can declare National Emergency through
National Emergencies Act
• President can declare major disaster through the
Stafford Act
• Secretary of Department of Health & Human Services
can declare Public Health Emergency
11
National Response Framework
National Response
Framework (NRF)
• A guide to how the
Nation conducts allhazards response
• Emergency Support
Functions
• Support Annexes
• Incident Annexes
12
NRF Signatories Provide Resources & Support
13
Emergency Support Functions
1. Transportation
(Dept of Transportation)
2. Communications
(Dept of Homeland Security - National Communications
System)
3. Public Works and Engineering
(Dept of Defense - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers)
4. Firefighting
(Dept of Agriculture – US Forest Service)
5. Emergency Management
(Dept of Homeland Security – FEMA)
6. Mass Care, Emergency Assistance, Housing & Human
Services (Dept of Homeland Security – FEMA)
7. Logistics Management & Resource Support
(General Services Administration & DHS)
•
•
8. Public Health and Medical Services
(Dept of Health and Human Services)
•
9. Search and Rescue (Dept of Homeland
Security – FEMA)
•
•
10. Oil & Hazardous Materials Response
(Environmental Protection Agency)
•
11. Agriculture & Natural Resources (Dept of
Agriculture)
•
12. Energy (Dept of Energy)
•
•
13. Public Safety & Security
(Dept of Justice)
•
•
14. Long Term Community Recovery
(Dept of Homeland Security – FEMA)
•
•
15. External Affairs
(Dept of Homeland Security)
14
The Disaster Response Wheel
Mayor / County
Executive
er
t
as rs
s
i
D ccu
O
Local
First
Aler t
Responders
Requests
Aid from
Governor
FEMA
Regional
Director
Informs
Reports
To
Activates Local
EOC
Work with
Volunteer
Organizations
Disaster Field Operations
Activates State
EOC
Governor
Declares
State
Emergency /
Disaster
Requests Emergency
Major Disaster
Declaration
Contacts
De
c
President
la
of the
re
s
Em United States
M
Di aj e r
sa or ge
nc
st
er
y
/
Local State Federal
15 Emergency
Support Functions
Pro
FEMA
Director
vid
e
s
Supports
Emergency
Response Team
Comprised of 26
Federal Agencies and
American Red Cross
Joint
Field
Office
Federal/Principal
Coordinating
Officer
Appoints
Sets Up
State
Coordinating
Officer
15
DSCA Basics
• DoD is in support of domestic civilian authorities – ALWAYS
• Initiated by request for assistance from proper civilian
authority
• A total force effort (Active Duty, Reserve, and National Guard)
under the command and control of the appropriate authority.
Army and Air National Guard Forces: National Guard forces
employed under State Active Duty or Title 32 status are
providing support to the Governor of their State and are not
part of Federal military response efforts.
• The Secretary of Defense retains command of federal military
forces
• Support is provided on a cost reimbursable basis through the
Economy Act
– The President can direct any federal agency to provide
support on a non-reimbursable basis
16
National Guard Status
• State Active Duty
– State Funded, State Controlled
• Title 32
– Federally Funded, State Controlled
– Training status for Federal warfighting mission
• Title 10 - Federal Active Duty
– Federally Funded, Federally Controlled
– Federal military troops on active duty under DoD chain of
command
– Subject to the Uniformed Code of Military Justice (UCMJ)
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Restrictions on the Employment of DoD
•
•
Local and state civilian resources applied first
DOD resources used only when response is beyond
capabilities of civil authorities on a cost reimbursable basis
•
•
•
•
•
Only minimum essential resources
No violation of Posse Comitatus Act (no law enforcement)
No competition with private enterprise
Military chain of command
Generally, military operations other than DSCA have priority
unless directed by SECDEF
**DOD is last in and first out-Very Expensive**
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DSCA Missions
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Spectrum of DoD Operations
Significant Incident
WMD Event
Terrorist Attack
High
Broader Scope Incident
Severe Hurricanes
Small Scale or
Localized Incident
Hurricanes
Earthquakes
Severe Earthquake
Severity
Agro-terrorism
Special Events (NSSE)
JTF
Civil Disturbances
Wild Fires
EOD Operations
DCO/DCE
Ice Storms
High
Floods
Low
Probability
Low
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DSCA - Immediate Response Authority
Immediate Response
HELP !!!
Higher
HQ
REPORT
CIVIL AUTHORITY
- SAVE LIVES
- PREVENT HUMAN SUFFERING
- MITIGATE GREAT PROPERTY DAMAGE
PERSONNEL/ RESOURCES
Disaster Site
LOCAL
COMMANDER
Areas of Concern
72 Hours
Local Response
Notification of Higher21HQ
Immediate Response
• A Federal military commander’s or responsible DoD civilian official’s
authority to temporarily employ resources to:
– Save lives, prevent human suffering, or mitigate property
damage
– Imminently serious conditions must exist
– Assistance is requested by appropriate civilian authorities
– Support is provided on a reimbursable basis (not
delayed/denied)
• Urgency of request does not permit advanced approval from higher
headquarters
– National Military Command Center notification required
• Requested support is reassessed for urgency and need within 72
hours
22
Immediate Response Examples
• Air compression chambers for trapped miners
• Aerial Evacuation (fixed wing) to critical care patients (Hurricane
Isadore)
• Medical support to 40 nursing home patients at Keesler AFB, MS
(Hurricane Ivan)
• Helicopter water bucket operations (California Fires)
• Fire fighting trucks and equipment responding off post to protect
threatened structures
• Transportation support to move disaster relief supplies
• HAZMAT Teams responding to chemical spill resulting from a train
derailment
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JFO Organization
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Roles and Responsibilities
•
Defense Coordinating Officer (DCO)
•
Emergency Preparedness Liaison Officer (EPLO)
•
Joint Regional Medical Planning Officers (JRMP)
26
“How DoD Gets to the Fight”
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Key DOD Players
• Assistant Secretary of Defense (Homeland Defense & Americas’ Security
Affairs)
• Supervises Homeland Defense Activities
• DoD Domestic Crisis Manager
• The Joint Staff, Joint Director of Military Support
• Action Agent for DSCA
• Liaison between DOD and Lead Federal Agencies
• Focal point for coordination with COCOMS, Service and National
Guard
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Key DOD Players
• Supported Combatant Commanders
• Principal Planning Agents
• Supporting Combatant Commanders
• Provides resources and assets to COCOMS
• Military Department Services
– Establish the necessary policies and procedures to ensure the
appropriate personnel are trained to execute DSCA plans
– Direct that requests for reimbursement of actual DSCA expenditures
(performance of work or services, payments to contractors, or
delivery from inventory) begin within 30 calendar days after the
month in which performance occurred
29
How DoD Responds
Immediate Response Authority (Installations/Local Agencies)
– Short duration/Request from local Civil Authority (Under 72 hours)
• Save lives
• Prevent suffering
• Mitigate great property damage
Mutual Aid Agreement (Installations/Local Agencies)
– Based on pre-coordinated conditions:
• Fire
• Emergency Medical Services
• Hazardous Materials
• Public Safety
Request for Assistance (Action Request Form)
– Mission Assignment Process (Defense Coordinating Officer)
30
DSCA – Request for Assistance
Joint Pub 3-28 pg II-4
31
Request for Assistance (RFA) Validation Criteria
• DoD uses the following criteria to evaluate supportability:
– Legality (compliance with laws)
– Lethality (potential use of lethal force by or against DoD forces)
– Risk (safety of DoD forces)
– Cost (who pays, effect on DoD budget)
– Appropriateness (mission in the interest of the DoD to conduct)
– Readiness (impact on DoD's primary national defense mission)
•
COMMON SENSE APPROACH – should we be doing this?
•
Has CONTRACTING been explored? We do not compete with the civilian sector for
business
32
State cost share =
$2.5M
33
Sample MA (FEMA)
Background
POC
Capability
Required
Duration / Location
Funding
Signature / Date
34
Pre-Planned Employment of MHS Asset and Capabilities
• Pre-scripted RFAs and Mission Assignments (PSMAs) (26)
ESF#8 DoD PSMAs
– Rotary Wing Medical Evacuation
– Temporary Medical Facilities
– Staff Augmentation to local hospitals
– Patient Movement
• Standing Execute Orders (EXORD)
– DSCA EXORD (unclassified)
– Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, High-Yield
Explosive (CBRNE) EXORD (classified)
35
Requests for Forces (RFF)
RFF – Submitted to request units or capabilities to
fill un-forecasted requirements within an AOR that
cannot be sourced by redistribution of existing
forces.
 Used to obtain DOD assets not assigned that
may be necessary to support requested DOD
capabilities
36
DSCA Standing Execute Orders
• Category 1 - Assigned and Allocated Forces
• Category 2 – Pre-Identified Resources
• Category 3 – Resources for Internal use
– To support DoD / DoD Funded
• Category 4 – Large-Scale Response Resources
• Also covers Authorities / Command & Control (C2)
structure
– Operational Control / Tactical Control
37
Relevant DoD Issuances for HD/DSCA
• DoDI 3025.18, “Defense Support of Civil
Authorities (DSCA)” 29 Dec 2010
• DoDI 6055.17, DoD Installation Emergency
Management (IEM) Program, 19 November 2010
• DoDD 3020.40, “Defense Critical Infrastructure
Program (DCIP)” 19 Aug 2005
• DoDI 3020.45, “DCIP Management” 21 Apr 2008
• DoDD 2000.12, “DoD Antiterrorism Program” 21
Nov 2003 in revision
38
Relevant DoD Issuances for HD/DSCA
• DoDI 6200.03, “Public Health Emergency Management Within
DoD” 5 March 2010
• DoDI 3020.52, “DoD Installation CBRNE Preparedness
Standards“, 18 May 2012
• DoDI 6010.22, “National Disaster Medical System”, 24
November 2003
• DoDI 6440.03, “Defense Laboratory Network” 10 June 2011
39
DoDI 6055.17, DoD Installation Emergency
Management (IEM) Program
• Establishes IEM policy and procedures for response to allhazards incidents
• Aligns DoD Emergency Management (EM) activities with NIMS
and the NRF
• Established DoD level EM Steering Group
• Requires establishment of an Installation Emergency
Management Working Group
40
DoDD 3020.40 and DoDI 3020.45
Defense Critical Infrastructure Program (DCIP)
• Assigns responsibilities governing risk management including
the acceptance, remediation, and/or mitigation of Defense
Critical Infrastructure risks
• Implements DoD’s critical infrastructure/key resource
responsibilities as a federal agency under HSPD-7
• Assigns lead agents with DoD for various sectors
– ASD(HA) lead for the “Health Sector”
41
DoDI 3020.52, DoD Installation CBRNE
Preparedness Standards
• Guidance for the establishment of a CBRNE preparedness
program for emergency responders at all DoD installations
• Multi-layered approaches of active and passive deterrence,
including dedicating resources to Consequence Management
• Replaces DoDI 2000.18, “DoD Installation CBRNE Emergency
Response Guidelines”
42
DoDI 6440.03, “Defense Laboratory Network”
Establishes a forum that allows DoD laboratories,
programs, and activities with analytic or response
capabilities to coordinate and make
recommendations governing the detection;
identification, characterization, and diagnosis; and
reporting of all-hazards agents of military or
national significance in support of the DoD's global
and homeland defense missions...
43
Homeland Security Presidential and Presidential
Policy Directives (HSPDs & PPDs)
• HSPD 5: Management of Domestic Incidents
• HSPD 7: Critical Infrastructure Identification,
Prioritization, and Protection
• PPD 8: National Preparedness
• HSPD 9: Defense of United States Agriculture and Food
• HSPD 10: Biodefense for the 21st Century
• HSPD 18: Medical Countermeasures Against Weapons of
Mass Destruction
• HSPD 21: Public Health and Medical Preparedness
• HSPD 22: Domestic Chemical Defense
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Questions??
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