G4 Apps
The Impact of Connected
Vehicles on Traffic Operations
ISMA Traffic Expo
October 1, 2014
G4 Apps
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Agenda
Traffic management objectives
Vehicles: connected, autonomous
USDOT CV Program, applications
More immediate applications
Key trends, responsibilities
Ideas for action
Discussion
G4 Apps
Source: Google
Are we done?
G4 Apps
Things are Happening
G4 Apps
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In Canada Too
BC and Alberta CV Test Beds
CCMTA – regulation, drivers, data
Insurance Bureau Canada
Ontario Policy on testing AVs on Ontario roads
G4 Apps
Autonomous Vehicles and
Connectivity
G4 Apps
Traffic Management
Objectives
Mobility
Sustainability
Safety
G4 Apps
Connected Vehicles Eco-system
Road Network,
System
Authentication
Map, GIS
,
Application
Servers
``data describing the operation of the system will originate with an
operating agency or its service provider partners and contractors``
G4 Apps
Connected Vehicles Eco-system
Road Network,
System
Authentication
Agency
Map, GIS
,
Application
Servers
Industry
``data describing the operation of the system will originate with an
operating agency or its service provider partners and contractors``
http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/52000/52600/52602/FHWA-JPO-14-125_v2.pdf
G4 Apps
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Some Urban Traffic
Applications
Red Light Violation Warning and Stop Sign Violation
Driver Gap Assist at Signalized Intersections and Stop Signs
Motorist Advisories and Warnings (emergencies, weather, variable speeds, queue,
speed zone, work zone, oversize vehicle)
Active Traffic Management (lane control, dynamic speed harmonization,
cooperative adaptive cruise control)
Advanced Traveler Information System (dynamic route guidance, travel time)
Multimodal Intelligent Traffic Signal Systems (freight signal priority, intelligent
traffic signal system, transit signal priority, pedestrian mobility, emergency vehicle
pre-emption)
Integrated Dynamic Transit Operations (Connection Protection, Dynamic Transit
Operations, Dynamic Ridesharing)
Integrated Dynamic Multimodal Operations
Origin-Destination (with opt-in permissions or anonymization), Traffic Model
Baselining & Predictive Traffic Studies
Eco-Signal Operations (approach and departure, traffic signal timing, transit signal
priority, freight signal priority, connected eco-driving)
G4 Apps
Real Time Safety
Capabilities, Awareness
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Vehicles have GPS, DSRC,
(…cellular data), processors,
driver interface, vehicle
interface
Infrastructure has
intelligence, DSRC, SPaT
(CICAS)
Maps, assets, conditions
Actions
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Each vehicle broadcasts location, heading, speed and more every 100ms
Each vehicle receives messages from other vehicles and infrastructure
On Board Unit (OBU) calculates collisions etc., warns driver, other actions
G4 Apps
Traffic Signal Violation Warning
The in-vehicle system will use
information communicated
from infrastructure located at
traffic signals to determine if a
warning should be given to the
driver. The communicated
information would include
traffic signal status and
timing, traffic signal stopping
location or distance
information, and directionality.
The type of road surface and
weather conditions near the
traffic signal may also be
communicated as this could
be used to better estimate
braking distance.
G4 Apps
Intersection Collision Warning
Infrastructure sensors and/or
DSRC communications can be
used to detect all vehicles, their
position, velocity, acceleration,
and turning status while
approaching an intersection.
Weather status and the road
shape/surface type can be
variables for calculating the
likelihood of a collision. The
infrastructure unit or the invehicle unit determines when a
collision is imminent and issues
a warning to either a specific
vehicle or all drivers in the
vicinity, depending on the
warning strategy.
G4 Apps
Adaptive Traffic Signal Control
• Reduced need for dedicated traffic sensors
• CVs provide much broader range of data
• Enables new control strategies such as:
• Dilemma zone (dynamic amber duration)
• Enhanced coordination (platoon tracking)
• Queue balancing/spillback control
• Transit priority
• Integration with dynamic lane markings
• Traveller information
68% of collisions
involving bicyclists
occurred at
intersections
30% of fatal collisions
and more than 50% of
personal injury
collisions occur at
intersections or are
related to intersection
operations
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G4 Apps
Traffic Signals:
Eco-Driving
How it Works
• Collects SPaT second by second from
central server (cellular or DSRC)
• Calculates optimum speeds for drivers and
informs
• Context aware –e.g. traffic speed
Potential Benefits
• Reduced energy use: 20-35%
• Reduced noise
• Reduced pollutants
● CO2 20-35% ● CO 20-30%
● HC 15-20%
● NOx 55-60%
G4 Apps
Dynamic Signal Control for
Vehicles and Pedestrians
G4 Apps
Privacy
• For some applications the more data you have
the more real time you can manage
• Cameras, BT readers etc. will become
increasing concerns with respect to privacy
• Experience shows vast majority will opt in but
want the opportunity
• Hybrid systems while evolve to critical mass
data collection – opt in
G4 Apps
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Deliver Mobility
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Ask suppliers what plans are for connected vehicles, DSRC
Look at construction projects – by the time they finished should you be putting in CV oriented
controllers
Municipal vehicles
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bring it back to server every second where ever can
Insist that it be exportable in a defined format
Determine policy for data use internally, by other parties
Controllers
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Measure volume, origin destination
Before, after – on every program including coordination
Engage drivers in being part of the solution – alternate routes, times – VMS, in vehicle virtual
signs (visual or audio)
Dynamic
Incident, conflict reduction including with pedestrians
Engage smartly with existing services e.g. parkopedia
Robust broadband communications throughout network
GIS data – collect it in detail as go – lane level, intersection marking
Signal phase and timing data
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Moving Forward
As sources of data
Economic benefits of equipping –e.g. 10% reduction in fuel use
Standards: USDOT, AASHTO, MTO, ISMA…