Mr. Tulk
 Liberalism
 Liberal
Democracy.
 Economic Freedom
 Individual Rights and Freedoms
Housekeeping
 Those
of you that missed the Quiz.
 See me in Tutorial.
 Skipping
quizzes is not an option.
Review
 Again,
which philosophers thought what?
“Exploring Individualism”
 The



Middle Ages - Year 500:
People are defined by their social class.
(peasant, clergy, nobility)
The Individual is not valued and can not move in
society unless they are clergy or nobility.
People have little rights or freedoms.
 The
individual was unimportant.
 Unless you knew somebody to help you, you
didn’t move in society.
 This can be seen in the art of the time.
 People
were not
usually pictured.
 No real images or
actual depictions.
 Only glorified
images of religious
figures.
 Called Icons or
iconocalastic.
 People
became more interested in studying
the world around them.
 Their art became more true to life.
 They began to explore new lands.
 Renaissance is a French word that means
“rebirth.”
 With these new ideas the individual became
more important.
1. Self-Portrait -- da Vinci, 1512
• Artist
• Sculptor
• Architect
• Scientist
• Engineer
• Inventor
1452 - 1519
 One
of the great
thinkers of the
Renaissance.
 Began creating art that
focused on the actual
form of man.
 Da Vinci’s most famous
painting.
 Vitruvian
Man
 created by Leonardo Da
Vinci around the year
1487.[
 Depicts a male figure in
two with his arms and
legs apart.
 Simultaneously
inscribed in a circle and
square.
 the
picture represents a cornerstone of
Leonardo's attempts to relate man to nature.
 Up until this point people were always seen
as holy and unrealistic.
 After thinkers like Da Vinci society began to
change.
 Books, Education, and Philosophy were
growing among the upper classes.
The Renaissance “Man”
• Broad knowledge about many things in
different fields.
• Deep knowledge/skill in one area.
• Able to link information from different
areas/disciplines and create new
knowledge.
• The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded
man” was at the heart of Renaissance
education.
 People
were still largely ruled by Kings and
Queens and the Church.
 Rulers were ordained by God and had divine
right.
 It was unacceptable to question authority or
the church.
 So, even though people were getting more
education, it was not available to the lower
class.
 An
ideology based on the importance of
individual liberty and the values of
individualism .
Social 30-2
Chapter 2
Words
 Rule
of Law
 Renaissance
 Enlightenment
 Social Contract
Quick Review
 Printing
Press:
 Invented by German
inventor Johannes
Gutenberg.
 increased mechanization
 remained the principal
means of printing until the
late 20th century
 Made book affordable.
Religion
 Christian
reform movement in Europe which
begun with Martin Luther's Ninety-Five
Theses.
 attempt to change the Catholic Church.
 involving the teaching and sale of
indulgences.
 Let’s talk about indulgences.
Now, Let’s move on!
A
time for questioning.
 The idea of the individual became more
important.
 People began to question the rulers and the
Church.
 Reason, not religion, should be the source of
knowledge.
 Each individual had rights (if that
“individual” was a Man that had Land!).
 People
were capable of governing
themselves.
 Science became more prominent in reasoning
and not faith.
 Famous scientists like Isaac Newton came
from this time.
 During the Enlightenment people began to
question society and their place within it.
 After
the Enlightenment people questioned
government.
 A new political Ideology known as Liberalism
formed.
 A central idea of liberalism is the focus on
individual liberty.
 People moved away from rulers and more
rights and freedoms.
 These
ideas led to both of the major
revolutions:
 The
political upheaval
during the last half of
the 18th century.
 Thirteen of Britain's
colonies in North America
rejected the British
monarchy
 became the sovereign
United States of America.
a
period of political and
social radical change in
the history of France.
 the French governmental
structure, previously an
absolute monarchy
underwent radical change
to.
 based on Enlightenment
principles of citizenship
and inalienable rights.
I think you know about the French Revolution.
 Liberal
Democracies began to develop around
the world in the 1900’s.
 Liberal Democracy is a form of government
that guaranties the rights and freedoms of its
citizens.
 Individuals are allowed to vote for a leader.
 guarantees
certain
political and civil rights of
people in Canada from the
policies and actions of all
levels of government.
 It is designed to unify
Canadians around a set of
principles that embody
those rights.
 The
supreme law of
the United States.
 Source of the legal
authority underlying
the existence of the
United States of
America.
 It provides the
framework for the
organization of the
Government .
 Liberalism
is based in the ideas of the
enlightenment and is highly individualistic.
 However, it is also sometime collectivist.
 People agree to live by laws that protect the
whole of society.
 Education and healthcare are supported by
all with taxes.
 So, liberalism is a collection of individualist
and collectivist ideas.
 All
individuals and members of society had
the same legal rights and freedoms.
 Does not depend on Gender, Race, or
economic status.
 People
have the right to own property.
 Government has no control over the economy
or the market.
 Value is depended on Supply and demand.
 Individuals,
not religion or government,
determine society.
 All people are equal and should have rights
and freedoms and a good quality of life.
Political Roots of Liberalism
 In
1776 the American colonies declared
themselves independent from Britain.
 The Right of all individuals were determined
by the Declaration of Independence.
 It stated that all men are created equal.
 They have certain rights of life, liberty, and
the pursuit of happiness.
 This went on to influence the French
Revolution.
Rule of Law and the Social
Contract
 The
Rule of law is that the law itself, and not
the individual, has the greatest power and
that all individuals are subject to the law.
 This idea comes for the Magna Carta. (Great
Charter)
The Magna Carta
 an
English legal charter, originally issued in
the year 1215.
 Protects the rights of the people
 Limits the power of the King of England.
 led to the rule of constitutional law
Continued
 King
John was forced to limit the amount of
taxes he could collect.
 The King became subject to law.
 Over the years, the monarchy has given up
more and more power.
 This document forged the way for modern
democracy.
Some questions.
 Locke
and the new USA felt that people were
capable of taking care and governing
themselves.
 So, why do we need a government to govern
us?
 They
answered: A Social Contract.
Social Contract
 Each
individual in a society agrees to be
governed so that they may gain the benefits
of living in that society.
 Having
access to things such as Police,
Military, public services, etc…
Individual Rights and Freedoms
 With
the rise of liberalism countries passed
laws to ensure equal rights for all people.
 But, limits must be placed on these rights.
 Can
we think of how our rights should be
limited?
Let’s put some down here.
Freedom of Speech
 One
can not shout “fire” in a crowded room.
 may follow the "harm principle" or the
"offense principle
 to prevent harm to others
Hate Speech
 speech
that attacks or disparages a person or
group of people based on their:
 race, gender, age, ethnicity, nationality,
religion, or lack there of, sexual orientation,
gender identity, disability, language ability,
ideology, social class, occupation,
appearance (height, weight, skin color, etc.),
mental capacity, and any other distinction
that might be considered by some as a
liability.
Let’s look at page 51
Assignment
 On
a piece of paper draw a timeline that
explains the change from the ideology of the
middle ages to the ideology of Liberalism.