Positive Behaviour Support
The Underpinning Values
“Where have we have come from?”
18th April 2013
Robert Pardoe
Senior Lecturer UWE
Member of the PBSN
steering group
Aims
• To revisit some of the early models that were
prevalent in Learning Disabilities services that
have “informed” our journey.
• To explore the values that underpin those
perspectives.
• To explore personal values and beliefs.
• To compare and contrast and identify any points
for learning.
• To identify the values and beliefs underpinning
PBS.
Behaviourism and Behaviour Modification
The 1930’s-80’s
• I Pavlov, John Watson, E Thorndike, BF Skinner,
• Behavioural approach applied “neat” or
“undiluted”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VZJNS_hVR2
w
• Informed and revolutionised care in the large
institutions
(Any personal stories?)
What are the values or the value base associated
with this approach?
Gentle Teaching
1980’s-90/s
• A philosophical approach to caring for people who
challenge: John McGee & Dan Hobbs
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wODKRQ21PeY&
feature=relmfu
http://gentleteaching.sharevision.ca/downloads/GTP
rimerFinal7-08-07.pdf
• Based on responding to Service Users in a way
that communicates Safety, encourages
Engagement, lets them know they are valued and
Loved and encourages them to return value and
Love
• Phoebe Caldwell...Intensive Interaction
• What are the values and value base that
underpin this approach?
Normalisation and SRV
1960’s-80’s
• Bengt Nirje (Sweden)
“The normalization principle means
making available to all people with
disabilities patterns of life and
conditions of everyday living which
are as close as possible to the
regular circumstances and ways of
life or society
• Wolf Wolfensberger (Canada)
Developed and coined the term SRV
•
Normalisation and SRV (cont)
1960’s-80’s
Bank-Mikellsen:- “Normalization involves
the acceptance of people with disabilities,
with their disabilities, offering them the
same conditions as are offered to other
citizens. It involves an awareness of the
normal rhythm of life – including the
normal rhythm of a day, a week, a year, and
the life-cycle itself. It involves the normal
conditions of life – housing, schooling,
employment, exercise, recreation and
freedom of choice. This includes “the
dignity of risk”, rather than an emphasis on
“protection”.”
• Medical v Social Model of Disability
What are the Values or the Value base
associated with this approach?
5 Service Accomplishments
1980’s-90’s
• John O’Brien:
– Community Presence,
– Community Participation
(Relationships),
– Dignity and Respect,
– Competence,
– Choices.
http://www.socialinclusion.org.uk
/publications/SNQFD.pdf
What are the values and value
base that underpin this
approach?
VIA...Valuing People...now!
2000’s
A Government White Paper
• What are the four stated goals for VP
2001?
• Rights, Independence, Choice,
Inclusion...
• Problems to be resolved...Better life
chances, more Choice and Control,
Support for Carers, Improved Health
Outcomes for PWLD, Housing/Fulfilling
Lives/Employment, Quality Services
What are the values and value base
that underpin this approach?
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Individualised Care
1980’s-present day
Carl Rogers?
IPP’s
ELP’s
Circles of Support
PCP’s
PATH
MAP’s
Formulation?
What are the values and value base that underpin this
approach?
Risk Management and Awareness
1990’s-present day
• Identifying
• Assessing & Measuring
• Managing
• Risk taking
• Risk Avoidance
What are the values and
value base that underpin
this approach?
Values Exercise
• Identify any values that you think remain
relevant from the 7 perspectives that we have
looked at.
• Individually spend 10 minutes identifying and
listing the beliefs and values that are key to
your work with Service Users who challenge.
• Share within your group and see if you can
identify those that are reasonably commonly
shared.
• Prioritise the top 5 key value statements that
best explain and underpin your group’s
understanding of PBS?
Outcomes from group exercise
• These were the value/belief statements that came out of the group
exercise...not in any priority order:
1. We are working with humanity.
2. The Golden Rule always applies: Do unto others as you would have them do
to you.
3. Understand the person as an individual.
4. Respond to the person as an individual.
5. Our aim is to teach those who challenge services alternative ways of
expressing themselves.
6. We should be looking for “new” and positive outcomes for the people in our
care.
7. Behaviour happens for a reason.
8. Relationship building through UPR, empathy, genuineness, warmth (Rogerian
principles) is at the core of our work.
9. Reflection both formally and informally should inform our work.
10. Team culture and leadership should be of paramount concern.