Putting South Africa First
S Malatji and
JM Stewart
Presented at MineSAFE 2013
22-23 October 2013
1

Introductory comments
1. Much achieved since 2003
2. Improvements are due to action by operational management
3. Reluctant compliance is unlikely to be sustainable
4. The key is eager adoption, not reluctant compliance
5. Adoption requires people to voluntarily change what they do
6. The MOSH System addresses this challenge in a special way
7. This paper provides an overview of the system.
Putting South Africa First

Motivating context for development of the System
2013 Tripartite Industry Milestones
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
Industry Target: Zero rate of fatalities and injuries
Milestones:
In the Gold Sector : By 2013 achieve safety performance levels equivalent to current international bench marks for underground metalliferous mines, at the least;
In the Platinum, Coal and Other Sectors : By 2013 achieve constant and continuous improvement equivalent to current international benchmarks, at the least.
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Industry Target: Elimination of Silicosis
Milestones:
By 2008, 95% of all exposure measurement results will be below the occupational exposure limit for respirable crystalline silica of 0.1mg/m 3
After 2013, no new cases of silicosis will occur amongst individuals unexposed prior to 2008.
Industry Target: Elimination of Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL)
Milestones:
After 2008, no deterioration in hearing greater than 10% amongst occupationally exposed individuals
By 2013, the total noise emitted by all equipment installed in any workplace must not exceed a sound pressure level of 110dB (A) at any location in that workplace
Putting South Africa First

Fatality rates for gold mines
Putting South Africa First

Fatality rates for platinum and coal mines
Putting South Africa First

Key features of the adoption system Industry ownership
Schematic showing the core MOSH Structures
Putting South Africa First

Schematic of the Behaviour Change Process
Best Available Knowledge
Expert model of risk situation
Established behaviour science
Analysis to establish
Mental Model
Direct enquiry process
Comparison to identify communication and leadership requirements
Behavioural communication plan
Leadership behaviour plan
Misperceptions
Poor understanding
Knowledge gaps
Disbelief
Misperceptions

- M i s p l a c e d R e s i s t a n c e -
It makes sense to me
It will improve my safety
Safe production is important
We must make it work

W e l l - f o u n d e d
A c c e p t a n c e -
Putting South Africa First

Simple logic of the MOSH process
The basic MOSH process
Step 1
Identify the leading practice with the greatest OHS benefit
Step 2
Document the leading practice, including behavioral plans
Step 3
Facilitate widespread adoption of the leading practice
Putting South Africa First

Systematic process steps of the adoption system
Putting South Africa First

Systematic process steps of the adoption system
Putting South Africa First

Ongoing provision of specialist support
Permanent full-time specialist secretariat to support Adoption Teams and Process
• Adoption Specialist for each Adoption Team
• Behaviour Specialist
• Monitoring Specialist
•
Administrative support
Putting South Africa First

Establishment of MOSH Adoption Teams in key risk areas
Putting South Africa First

Establishment of MOSH Adoption Teams in key risk areas
Putting South Africa First

Establishment of MOSH Adoption Teams in key risk areas
Putting South Africa First

Establishment of MOSH Adoption Teams in key risk areas
Putting South Africa First

Establishment of MOSH Adoption Teams in key risk areas
Putting South Africa First

Developing an expert understanding of the risk situation
Basic Framework of a Generic Causal Chain Risk Summary Table
Part A – Description of the causal chain
No Nature of the hazard No Exposure to the hazard No Outcomes of exposure
Description of the identified hazard/s (substances / equipment / events / etc.)
Description of the different categories of exposed persons, the nature and duration of exposure, and any other details that characterise the exposure
Data Gaps
Identify any gaps that need to be investigated
Identify any gaps that need to be investigated
Part B - Current risk mitigation controls and strategies
Description of all the ways in which workers might be affected and harmed by exposure to the risk, including biological or physiological effects.
Identify any gaps that need to be investigated
Identify and describe Identify and describe Identify and describe
Identify and describe
Weaknesses
Identify and describe
Identify and describe
Part C – Possible improvements in risk mitigation controls and strategies
Identify and describe Identify and describe
Identify and describe
Putting South Africa First
Identify and describe
Possible new practices
Identify and describe Identify and describe

Developing an expert understanding of the risk situation
Example of expert model influence diagram for the dust risk
Crushing, tipping, milling, screening, etc.
Rock processing
Effective control mechanisms to be in place and maintained
Traffic flow, Conveyor belts, Transfer/tip location,
Production rate, vehicles, material handling
Rock transport
Scraping, loading, hoisting, conveyors etc.
Rock breaking
Adequate ventilation for dilution
Ventilation control
Production work plan
Correct allocation at the right place
Drilling, blasting, mechanised mining, etc
Ventilation planning
Ventilation management
Ore Body
Source / process
Mobility
Insignificant
Silica, Asbestos, Coal
Hard metals (from tool use such as grinders), lung exposure to certain fumes such as ammonia and chlorine
Significant
Exposure
Controls
Selection / installation
Human
Factor
Biological Health
Outcomes
Auditing Monitoring
Control at source was identified as the area of highest risk - see expanded detail on controls below
Xray changes (visible tissue change).
Lung function changes as a result of fibrosis (restrictive).
Autoimmune response resulting in increased susceptibility to TB and other connective tissue diseases, e.g. Scleroderma.
Pneumoconioses (Silicosis,
Coal workers’ Pn).
Connective tissue diseases.
Restrictive/ obstructive airways diseases.
TB and other
(cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary cancer).
Silicosis & TB (Severity of outcomes), morbidity/ mortality/ quality of life.
Family/ societal/ community.
Compensation.
Retirement medical surveillance
Dust risk levy, Poor public image
Stock price/ share value .
Putting South Africa First

Selection of leading practice with greatest potential
Adoption Team
(Group) inputs
Input from selected experts
Risk assessment analysis
Draft expert model and list of potential leading practices
Preparatory Work
Review of R&D outcomes
Visits and discussions at mines
Identify / invite key persons to participate in workshop
Workshop
Facilitated & structured to consider / identify potential leading practices
Leading practice selection criteria agreed at workshop
Selected Leading Practice with greatest
OHS benefit
Putting South Africa First

Identify potential adoption mines and their key persons
Identification of potential adoption mines
Is the leading practice applicable at the mine?
Will the mine benefit from adoption?
Input and guidance:

Task Force Rep.

Adoption Team

Group Specialist
Contact details of Manager and relevant Specialist?
Prioritised list of potential adoption mines
(To focus on mines with greatest benefit – most likely adopters – interviewees for direct enquiry process – recipients of early behavioural communications material)
Putting South Africa First

Identification of mental models and behavioural plans
Identify key adopters and other stakeholders
Develop direct enquiry protocol (procedures / questions)
Select persons to be interviewed
Train interviewers and conduct enquiries
Analyse responses and establish mental model
Review mental model against expert model and behaviour science
Develop behavioural communication and leadership behaviour plans
Putting South Africa First

Documenting the leading practice at it’s Source Mine
Technical details:
Investigate and document
Leadership detail:
Investigate and document
Detailed Source mine report Communications:
Investigate and document
Example materials

Training

Communications

Signage
Putting South Africa First

Identifying and documenting the full value case
Financial Impacts

Initial cost

Operational cost

Financial benefits

Production

Etc.
Strategic Impacts

Health & Safety

Relationships

Image

Investor support

Etc.
Putting South Africa First
The Generic Value Case

Provision of a guide to facilitate widespread adoption
Part 1:
Strategic Context
• The problem
•
The practice
• The value case
Part 2:
Detailed
Adoption
Guidance
Part 3:
The Leading Practice
• Technical details
• Behavioural communication
• Leadership behaviour
S te p
Summary framework of overall adoption plan
Activity
Weeks
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 F acilitate ad op tion d ecision
2 S ecu re su p p ort f or ad op tion
3 E stab lish an d ef f ective min e ad op tion team
4 P rep are in itial p lan f or ad op tion
5 In itiate b aselin e mon itorin g p rog ramme
6 E stab lish ef f ective relation sh ip with th e CO P A
7 Up d ate key stakeh old ers on p rog ress
8 P lan an d con d u ct d irect en q u iries
9 Cu stomise g en eric b eh aviou ral p lan s
10 Harmon ise lead in g p ractice with with min e stan d ard s
11 Assess risks an d d evelop f in al ad op tion p lan f or ap p roval
12 Develop train in g an d commu n ication materials
13 Brief an d train key min e p erson s
14 Imp lemen t p ilot ad op tion of th e p ractice
15 M on itor evalu ate an d rep ort on p erf orman ce
16 F in alise an d imp lemen t min e- wid e roll- ou t p lan
Detailed appendices:
Pro-forma plans - Worksheets -Example materials
Putting South Africa First

Customisation of leading practice at adoption mines
Mine-specific circumstances
Review practice against mine operational standards
Conduct direct enquiries to establish mine-specific mental model issues
Customise non-core elements of Leading
Practice
Putting South Africa First
Customise Generic
Behavioural
Communication Plan
Customise Generic
Leadership
Behavioural Plan

Initiation of widespread adoption process
The Leading Practice Adoption Workshop
Workshop Purpose
• To initiate the process of facilitating widespread adoption
• To establish a
Community of Practice for Adoption – a COPA
Who to attend?
• Mine Managers
• Relevant specialists
• Other key stakeholders
What is covered?
• Leading Practice details
• Value case
• Behavioural processes
• Leading Practice Adoption Guide
• Role and function of COPA
• Establishment of COPA
Putting South Africa First

Establishment of a Community of Practice for Adoption
Who?
• Mine Managers (initially)
• Relevant specialists
• Mine Adoption Team Manager
• Mine Behavioural Overseer
COPA
Provide ongoing facilitation of the adoption process
Modus operandi?
• Regular meetings
• Jointly implement Leading Practice
Adoption Guide
• Work directly with lead adopter mine
• Assist other adoption mines to extent possible
What?
• Explain / use Leading Practice Adoption
Guide
• Provide / arrange training
• Problem solving
• Provide / arrange assistance
• Share adoption experience
• Continuous improvement
• Mine visits as appropriate
Putting South Africa First

Continuous improvement
Disband COPA when no longer needed
Identify new leading practice with best potential Cycle of continuous
OHS improvement
Investigate / document new practice for adoption
Establish COPA and facilitate widespread adoption
The process of continuous improvement never stops
Putting South Africa First

Concluding comments
1. Industry is committed to Zero Harm
2. Much achieved since 2003 but there is still much to do
3. Success will require adoption on new or improved practices
4. Adoption requires people to change what they do
5. The key is eager adoption, not reluctant compliance
6. The MOSH System addresses this challenge in a special way
Involvement and buy-in will determine the benefit mining companies derive from MOSH
Putting South Africa First

The 16 steps for adoption of a leading practice
1.
Facilitate the adoption decision
2.
Secure support for adoption
3.
Establish and effective mine adoption team
4.
Prepare initial plan for adoption
5.
Initiate baseline monitoring programme
6.
Establish effective relationship with the COPA
7.
Update key stakeholders on progress
8.
Plan and conduct direct enquiries
9.
Customise generic behavioural plans
10.
Harmonise leading practice with mine standards
11.
Assess risk and develop final adoption plan for approval
12.
Develop training and communication materials
13.
Brief and train key mine persons
14.
Implement pilot adoption of the practice
15.
Monitor evaluate and report on performance
16.
Finalise and implement mine-wide roll-out plan
Putting South Africa First