Otomatisasi Electronics (control) system (ee-29)
oleh A. Tossin Alamsyah
OBJEKTIF :
Mengenal berbagai sistem kontrol elektronik dlm,di industri dan mampu
merencanakan sistem kontrol sederhana
MATERI :
Sensor / Transducers ( Temp, Pressure, flow , position ,speed)
Signal conditioning ,
Actuator ( Electric , pneumatic , hydraulic )
Industrial Control Review.
Electronics Controller ( Analog & digital controller),
System Controller ; Proportional (P), Integral (I) , Differential (D), PID,
Digital Control Interface ; ADC dan DAC
Programmable Logic Control (PLC),
Data communications,
Distribution Computer System (DCS)
Practice
Industrial Control electronics
(bag. 1)
 Overview Industrial control system.
 Process Control & instrumentation,






Process Control,
Analog Processing,
Digital Processing,
Supervisory Digital Control,
Direct Digital Control,
Programmable Logic Control,
 Controller
 Control Modes,
 On-off Control,
 Proportional,
 Proportional – Integral,
 Proportional – Integral - Derivative
 Analog Control,
 Digital Control,
 Fuzy Control,
 Interfacing & power devices,
 Power Interface ,
 ADC dan DAC
1.1 Industrial Control overview
Industrial Control classification,
Element Control,
Feedback Control,
Dynamic response,
Feed forward Control.
1.1.a.
Industrial Control Classification
Motion and Process Control ,
Process Control i.e industrial process manufacturing
(batch or continues types , variables temperature,pressure,flow rate,
liquid /solid level, pH, Humidity etc)
Motion Control i.e an automatic control system that’s controls the
physical motion or position of an object,
(servos / servomechanisms (robotics system ),characteritics
position, speed, accelerations deceleration etc)
Open Loop System Control,
(without feedback element)
Closed Loop System Control ,
(with feedback elemen)
Element of Open/ Closed Loop System ,
Batch Processing
Continuous process
Open and Close loop system
1.1.b. Blok diagram Closed Loop system
Error detector
Controller
Output
Signal
(comparator)
Set
Point
+
_
Error
Signal
Controller
Energy of Fuel
Actuator
Process
Variable
Manipulated
Variable
Feedback
Signal
Measurement
Devices
Measured
Variable
Manufacturing
Process
Disturbance
Controlled Variable
1.1.b Element Control












Controlled Variable
Measured Variable
Measurement Devices
Feedback Signal
Set Point
Error Detector
Error Signal
Controller
Actuator
Manipulated Variable
Manufacturing Process
Disturbance
Element control (cont.)
 Controlled Variable adalah variabel actual yang dimonitor dan di “maintain”,
seperti Temperature, pressure, flow rate, level dll.
 Measured Variable adalah status dari controlled variable yang dimonitor seperti
tekanan di dasar tanki dll.
 Measurement devices adalah “mata” dari system yi Sensor/Tranducer, yang
menunjukkan status dr controlled variable.
 Feedback Signal adalah output dari Sensor/Tranducer ( Voltage, Current,
Frekuensi ).
 Set Point ,
 Error Detector ( Signal Set point – Signal Feedback)
 Controller, (brain the system,) ( analog, digital, fuzzy, programmable, PID, dll)
 Actuator (Muscle the system) disebut juga final control element atau final
correcting device. Seperti Motor DC, AC, Stepper, servo pneumatics, hydraulic
cylinders, pumps .
 Manipulated Variable, mengubah actuator effect yang dapat mengubah kondisi
controlled variable
 Manufacturing Process,
 Disturbance adalah factor yang dapat mem[rngaruhi manufacturing process.
Practical Feedback Application
 Closed loop Temperature control system
Close Loop Control .
Energy
Input
Actuator
Actual
Output
PROCESS UNDER
CONTROL
Sensor
Power
Interface
Signal
conditioner
Transmission
Controller
Set Point
Transmission
ELECTRONICS CONTROL
 Sifat : open loop dan closed loop,
 Metode : Analog, Digital, Fuzzy,
 Mode : on-off control, Propotional , Integral, Derivative Control dan
PID Control.
 Pengontrol Analog , sifat nya real time dan tidak dapat diprogram,
berbasis komponen elktronika analog Op-amp, SCR, Triac,
 Pengontrol Digital : sifatnya real time dan dapat diprogram, contol
PLC, SCADA , DCS , mode on-off, berbasai komponen elektronika
digital Mikroprocessor , Mikrokontroller.
 Pengontrol FUZZY , real time , dapat diprogram, mode PID,
berbasis microprocessor / mikrikontroller

Process Control & instrumentation
Process Control,

Dynamic Variable :
Temperature, Pressure, Flow rate, Level, Light Intensity and humidity
============= > Controlled Variable

Objective : Set up the dynamic Variable Value.
Elements of process - control




Process
 Fluid, tank, fluid inlet, and outlet,
Measurement :
 Information on the Variable,
 Transduction, ==(transducer)
 Signal conditioning,
Evaluation
 To examine the measurement and
 determine what action,
 should be taken = controller
Control Element.
Block Diagram
Control
Element
E=Sp-Pv
Set Point
Controller
Process
Measurement
Process Variable =Pv
Block Diagram
Dynamic Response Evaluation Criteria





Settling time
Peak error
Residual error
Cycling (Oscillation)
Minimum area
Analog processing





A process temperature to be
controlled
Thermistor sensor
T~R~V
Temperature is reprensented
by a proportional electrical
signal
Electrical signal is an analog
of the temperature
Digital Processing
Dn = Vi / Vref . * (255)


Analog and Digital
Converter ,
Signal Transmission,


Serial transmission,
Parallel transmission,
Dn = 8 bit
Dn = 8 bit
An
Sensor
ADC
DAC
Kontroller
Sensor
ADC
DAC
An = Vref [ d1/2+d2/4+d3/8+d4/16+d5/32+d6/64+d6/128+d8/256]