Engineering Technology
Division
Power Plant Construction and QA/QC
Section 3.1 & 2 – Steam Turbine
Fundamentals and Design
Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals
Overview
• Hero Reaction Turbine – 120 B.C.
• First Practical Turbine – 1884, C. Parsons
• First Power Plant – 7.5 kw – 1890
• Reaction, Impulse and Velocity-Compounded
• Reheat Steam – 1930’s
• Last 100 years Turbine is the key element in
generating electricity
• Turbines run Generators, Pumps, Fans, etc.
• Today up to 1,500 MW
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Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals
Overview
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Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals
Fundamentals
Energy Transfer
Coal, Natural Gas,
Nuclear, Biofuel,
Waste Fuel
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Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals
Reaction Turbines
Newton’s third law of motion – For every action
there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Narrowing
Steam Path
Narrowing
Steam Path
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Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals
Impulse Turbines
Steam / Gas Flow
Fixed Vanes
Moving Blades
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Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals
Reaction – Impulse Comparison
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Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals
Velocity-Compounded Turbine
Velocity compounding is a form of staging which
by dividing the work load over several stages
results in improved efficiency and a smaller
diameter for the blade wheels due to a reduction in
Ideal blade speed per stage.
Inlet Pressure
1
P=
V
Inlet
Velocity
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Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals
Turbine Components - Blades
Impulse
Reaction
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Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals
Turbine Diaphragms
Diaphragms contain the fixed blades
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Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals
Steam Turbine Casing
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Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals
Turbine Rotor
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Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals
Turbine Shaft and Casing Seals
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Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals
Turbine Types
Straight HP
Tandem HP
Tandem LP
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Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals
Turbine – Multiple Sets
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Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals
Questions?
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Section 3.2 – Steam Turbine Design
Overview
Classification by;
• Type – Reaction or Impulse
• Steam Temperature and Pressure
• Configuration – Compound, Tandem
Compound, Cross Compound
• Reheat
• Output – MW
• Structural Elements
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Section 3.2 – Steam Turbine Design
Turbine Design - Basics
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Section 3.2 – Steam Turbine Design
Materials
• Blades
• Stainless Steel – 403 & 422 (+Cr)
• 17-4 PH steel (+ Ti)
• Super Alloys
• Rotor
• High “Chrome – Moley” Steel – Cr-Mo-V
• Low “Ni Chrome Steel – Ni-Cr-Mo-V
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Section 3.2 – Steam Turbine Design
Questions?
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