World class
innovators
Creativity means economy?
John (2002) quoted Lenin: “At the start
of twentieth century, Communism is
Soviet Organization plus electricity. At
the start of the twenty-first century, I
suggest, ‘the new economy is creativity
plus electronics”.
Innovation is…
“Innovation is a process by which new information emerges
and is concretized in a product that meets human needs”.
(Nonaka & Kenney, 1991)
“…is the process of taking a creative idea and turning it into a
useful product, service, or method of operation”
(Stephen & David, 2001)
“Innovating is a process of changing, experimenting,
transforming, revolutionizing…”
(Robins & Coulter, 2002)
“Innovation is the process of generating something new and
viable that adds ‘value’ to an individual, organization or
society”
(Ed Benacki, 2002)
“Innovation is typically thought of as putting creative ideas to
work. In the world of business, it connotes a new product or
service or process by which an enterprise can make
money or save money. In the world of science, innovators
are often seen as those scientists and researchers who can
convert a new substances or a new finding into a
commercially viable product. Innovation has always been
one of the key engines or growth for commerce and
industry”.
(Janszen, 2000)
“Innovations means taking new ideas and turning them into
corporate and marketplace”
(Jeff & Richard, 2003)
“Innovation refers to the process of bringing any new, problem
solving idea into use. Ideas for reorganizing, cutting costs,
putting in new budgetary systems, improving
communication or assembling products teams are also
innovations.”
(Kanter, 1983)
Objective of INNOVATION
COST
QUALITY
PERFORMANCE
1. Improvement.
2. Additional.
3. New
Alan G. Robinson & Sam Stern (1998). Corporate Creativity: How
Innovation & Improvement Actually Happen.
Type of INNOVATION
1. SOCIAL INNOVATION
Efficiency innovation - Kwik-Fit (tyre & exhaust
service), Toyota & JIT, Benetton & ‘colourless
fabric’, Ramly Burger & small outlet etc.
2. TECHNICAL INNOVATION
Evolutionary innovation (incremental) - RAM,
mobile phone etc.
Revolutionary innovation (radical) - new RAM,
new xerox machine etc.
Additional reading: Clayton M. Christensen (2000).
Innovation & The General Manager.
Akio Morita
Morita, a technoentrepreneur
Morita & Ibuka found Tokyo Tsushin
Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha (TTK).
1958: TTK became Sony Corp.
Tape recorder, 1st transistor TV, colour
TV, walkman, VCR, CD player, VAIO
laptop & PlayStation.
Morita as a ‘big 5’ of ASIAN OF THE
CENTURY by Asiaweek magazine.
Masaru Ibuka
Alec Feiner
Feiner: “I wanted to do something useful and
new and simple. To me, simplicity is the most
elegant thing, To reduce the most complex to
the most simple has great importance to me...
The hardest thing is to have courage in your
own mental powers, So the hardest invention
is the first one. Later on, you have the fear
that you will lose that creative power.”
‘Ferreed’ crosspoint is one of his important
invention.
Innovator vs scientist
The phrase of Nobel Prize in sciences:
Inventas vitam juvat excoluisse per
artes (And they who bettered life on
earth by new-found mastery).
However, Nobel Prize in sciences is not
for the innovator but for the scientist.
Creative & innovative
organisation
O’Connor (1995): “…creative
organisations as those are consistently
able to develop or utilize original ideas
processes ,or relationship in such a way
that they contribute to the organisation’s
success.”
continue…
“First by results, in that people are
continuously developing new and
marketable products and services in a
way that makes business sense.
Second by observation, there is an air
of excitement and enthusiasm, people
are exploring and developing ideas and
alternatives. Management have the
problem of too many good ideas and
projects to consider in the time
available!
Thirdly, individuals are taking powerful
personal initiatives and thinking for
themselves. They are making
independent links to other departments,
to outside organisations and talking and
listening actively to each other. They are
constantly testing and challenging the
assumptions about what is possible and
not possible with constructive
alternatives also suggested. Fourthly, by
everyone enjoying being successful.”
Benefit
Roffe (1999): “It is reasonable premise
that every firm aspires to become more
creative and innovative, not simply for
the influences of global forces, but
because of the beneficial outcomes on
its business and its prospects.”
Climate
Ekvall (1999, with modification):
Sources (man, building, machine,
capital, product, know-how etc) ->
CLIMATE -> Organisational &
psychological process -> Innovation (as
well as quality, satisfaction etc.)
Team and organisational context.
Madison (2002): “People
are likely to feel very
frustrated if their
organization doesn’t
value creative thinking.”
Petty (1997): “Your management make clear
how important your job is, mainly by showing
genuine appreciation when you do it well. You
find the job demanding and interesting, you
feel read responsibility for what you do and
have a genuine sense of identity within the
organisation. You are stretched, so you learn
and grow to our self-esteem rises
significantly, as does your motivation. You are
likely be committed and loyal. You enjoy the
word and feel a need to do the job well .”
Morita: “The purpose is to create an
ideal workplace, free, dynamic and
joyous, where dedicated engineers will
be able to realize their craft and skills at
the highest possible level. We shall
eliminate any untoward profit-seeking
and shall constantly emphasize
activities of real substance.”
Google’s points of innovation
Innovation, not instant perfection.
Ideas come from everywhere (even
from a 12-year old girl.
Big ego?
Adair (1999): “Creative people are often
regarded as difficult or impossible to
manage; some are often seen as ‘big
egos’ and as ‘prima donnas’.”
Solutions?
31 000 patents since 1925.
Produced 11 Nobel laureates.
Bell Labs was founded by Alexander
Graham Bell.
After 1800: AT&T took over.
2006: Lucent Technologies (former was
known as AT&T) combined with Alcatel.
Important product: Fibred optic network.
Other innovative companies
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Zenith Media (Advertisement).
The British Museum (Art).
Nestle (Food).
Dior, Givenchy, Kenzo, Lacroix (Fashion).
Universal Studio (Film).
Polygram (Music).
HBO (Entertainment).
Pearson (Books).
Nintendo (Video games).