UIS activities in the collection and analysis of
STI indicators and
overview of data for Arab States
Regional Workshop on Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Indicators for Gulf countries
Doha, Qatar
15 to 17 October 2012
www.uis.unesco.org
Objectives of this presentation
 Present the work that UIS does to support the
collection and analysis of Science, Technology
and Innovation (STI) indicators in developing
countries
 Provide an overview of the availability of STI
indicators worldwide and in the region
www.uis.unesco.org
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)
 Formerly UNESCO Office of Statistics; Division of
Statistics on S&T
 Established in 1999
 September 2001 - the UIS moved from Paris to
the University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 30 November 2001 – UNESCO Director-General
inaugurates the UNESCO Institute for Statistics in
Montreal
 Director: Mr. Hendrik van der Pol
www.uis.unesco.org
UIS presence around the world
• Paris
•Montreal
• Doha • Delhi
Dakar●
• Bamako
•Yaounde
• Nairobi
•
Luanda
• Windhoek
• Bangkok
Apia
●
• Santiago
www.uis.unesco.org
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)
 United Nations data repository for:
• Education
• Science, Technology and Innovation
• Culture
• Communication
www.uis.unesco.org
UIS is the UN lead agency for S&T
statistics
Official S&T data source for:
• UN Statistical Division: UN Statistical Year Book
• UNDP: Human Development Report
• World Bank: World Development Indicators
 Data publicly available at: http://www.uis.unesco.org
 UIS Publications (can be downloaded from the UIS
website): S&T Bulletins; Fact sheet, eAtlas on R&D
statistics
 UNESCO Reports:
• UNESCO Science Report
• UNESCO World Report - Towards Knowledge Societies
• International Report on S&T and Gender
• History of Science Statistics at UNESCO
www.uis.unesco.org
Areas of work
 R&D personnel & expenditure
 Human resources devoted to S&T
 International mobility
• Gender
 Innovation data
• Since 2010
 Longer term: Output & Impact
www.uis.unesco.org
Lines of action
1. STI survey operation and data guardianship
1.1 R&D Survey
1.2 Innovation Survey
2. Training in STI statistics: workshops & other
training activities
3. Standard setting and methodological
developments
4. Analysis and publications
www.uis.unesco.org
1. STI Survey operation and data
guardianship
 Global survey on statistics of Research and
Development (R&D)
 Global database on R&D Statistics
 Data dissemination: on the UIS website and
through contributions to other agencies
 2011: Pilot survey of Innovation Statistics
www.uis.unesco.org
1.1 Survey on Statistics of Research
and Development (R&D)
 Biennially.
 2004, 2006, 2008 and 2010 R&D surveys
completed.
 5th round was launched in June 2012.
 Data and metadata released on UIS website
(http://stats.uis.unesco.org).
 OECD and Eurostat provide data for their Member
States.
 RICYT provides data for Latin America and for a
few Caribbean countries.
www.uis.unesco.org
Data collection: R&D Survey
R&D Personnel
 By sector of employment,
occupation, qualification, and
field of science
 In headcount and FTE
 By gender
R&D Expenditure
 By sector of performance and
source of funds
 By type of activity and field of
science
www.uis.unesco.org
Respondents to the UIS 2010 and 2012
questionnaires: Arab States
Country
2010Q
2012Q
1
Bahrain
Data not provided
Data not provided
2
Kuwait
Data provided
Data provided
3
Oman
Data not provided
Data not provided
4
Qatar
Data not provided
Data not provided
5
Saudi Arabia
Data provided
Data not provided
6
United Arab Emirates
Data not provided
Data not provided
7
Algeria
Data not provided
Data not provided
8
Djibouti
Data not provided
Data not provided
9
Egypt
Data provided
Data not provided
10
Iraq
Data provided
Data provided
11
Jordan
Data provided
Data not provided
www.uis.unesco.org
Respondents to the UIS 2010 and 2012
questionnaires: Arab States
conti..
Country
2010Q
2012Q
12
Lebanon
Data not provided
Data not provided
13
Libya
Data provided
Data not provided
14
Mauritania
Data not provided
Data not provided
15
Morocco
Data provided
Data not provided
16
Palestine
Data provided
Data provided
17
South Sudan
Data not provided
Data not provided
18
Sudan
Data not provided
Data not provided
19
Syrian Arab Republic
Data not provided
Data not provided
20
Tunisia
Data provided
Data not provided
21
Yemen
Data not provided
Data not provided
www.uis.unesco.org
UIS 2010 and 2012 Surveys on R&D:
response rates & published data
Effective
responses
Q 2010
Regions
(Countries and Territories covered)
Effective
responses
Q 2012
12
27%
Arab States-Africa (9)
4
44%
Asia (31, excl. Arab States & OECD)
16
52%
Arab States - Asia (12)
6
50%
Americas (14, excl. RICYT & OECD)
0
0%
1
7%
4
29%
Europe (16, excl. OECD & Eurostat)
7
44%
3
19%
11
69%
Oceania (17, excl. OECD)
0
0%
0
0%
3
18%
45
31%
17
12%
84
59%
OECD + Eurostat (44)
45
100%
44
100%
44
100%
RICYT (26, incl. 10 Caribbean)
18
72%
19
73%
19
73%
108
51%
80
37%
147
69%
Sub-Saharan Africa (45)
Sub-total (144)
30%
51%
3
7%
0
0%
7
23%
3
25%
Published data
(by June 2012)
6%
23%
31
69%
6
67%
24
77%
5
42%
70%
67%
Data from other sources:
Total (214)
Note: Effective responses: number of returned questionnaires with data.
www.uis.unesco.org
Researchers, Arab States, 2009 or last
available year
Country
Bahrain*
Year
…
Researchers per million
inhabitants (FTE)
Researchers (FTE)
…
…
402
152
Kuwait
2009
Oman
…
…
…
Qatar
…
…
…
1 271 (HC)
47 (HC)
…
…
5 593
170
…
…
Saudi Arabia*
United Arab Emirates
2009
…
Algeria*
2005
Djibouti
…
Egypt*
2009
33 516
420
Iraq*
2009
1 520
49
Jordan*
2008
11 310 (HC)
1 934 (HC)
Source: UIS S&T Database, Aug 2012
FTE: Full-time equivalent; * Based onwww.uis.unesco.org
partial data
Researchers, Arab States, 2009 or last
available year
conti..
Country
Lebanon
Libya*
Year
…
2009
Researchers per million
inhabitants (FTE)
Researchers (FTE)
…
…
460 (HC)
73 (HC)
…
…
Mauritania
…
Morocco*
2008
20 703
661
Palestine*
2009
567
144
…
…
11 208 (HC)
…
…
…
19 086
1 863
…
…
South Sudan
Sudan*
Syrian Arab Republic
Tunisia*
Yemen
Source: UIS S&T Database, Aug 2012
…
2005
…
2008
…
FTE: Full-time equivalent; * Based onwww.uis.unesco.org
partial data
How many researchers are there?
Number of researchers worldwide
2002 (5.8 million)
2007 (7.2 million)
5.0
4.5
4.5
4.0
Researchers (millions)
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.7
2.5
1.8
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Developed countries
Source: UIS, August 2010
Developing countries
www.uis.unesco.org
How many researchers are there?
Number of researchers worldwide
2002 (5.8 million)
2007 (7.2 million)
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.3
Researchers (millions)
1.2
1.2
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.6
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
EU
Source: UIS, August 2010
USA
Japan
Other
developed
Note: Data for the USA are for 2006 instead of 2007
China
Other
developing
www.uis.unesco.org
Where are researchers located?
Shares of world researchers by principal
regions, 2002 and 2007 (%)
2002 (5.8 million)
North
America,
25.2%
Latin
America &
Caribbean,
2.9%
Africa,
2.3%
Oceania,
2.1%
Asia,
35.7%
2007 (7.1 million)
Europe,
31.9%
North
America,
22.2%
Latin
America &
Caribbean,
3.6%
Africa,
2.3%
Oceania,
2.1%
Asia,
41.4%
Europe,
28.4%
Source: UIS, August 2010
www.uis.unesco.org
Which countries host the greatest number of researchers?
Number of researchers, 2009 or latest available year
229,130
154,827
142,948
1,592,420
236,137
243,338
311,500
442,263
656,676
Source: UIS, July 2011
1,412,639
China-1
United States-2
Japan-1
Russian Fed.
Germany
United Kingdom
Rep. of Korea-1
France-1
India-4
Canada-2
Note: -1 = 2008, -2 = 2007, -4 = 2005. Data in this graph are based on
FTE data.
www.uis.unesco.org
A breakdown of researchers in the Americas.
Researchers by sector of employment, 2009 or
latest available year
Business enterprise
Government
Private non-profit
Unknown
Higher education
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
Source: UIS, July 2011
Nicaragua*-5
Costa Rica-1
Paraguay-1
Guatemala-1
Venezuela
Trinidad & Tobago*-1
Colombia-1
Panama-1
Uruguay-1
El Salvador*
Bolivia-7
Argentina-1
Honduras*-6
Ecuador-1
Brazil-1
Mexico-2
Chile-5
Canada-2
United States-2
0%
Note: -1 = 2008, -2 = 2007, -5 = 2004, -6 = 2003, -7 = 2002. Data in this graph are based
www.uis.unesco.org
on FTE data (* based on HC data).
A breakdown of researchers in Europe.
Researchers by sector of employment, 2009 or
latest available year
Business enterprise
Government
Higher education
Private non-profit
Unknown
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
Source: UIS, July 2011
Note: +1 = 2010, -1 = 2008, -2= 2007. Data in this graph are based on FTE data (* based on
www.uis.unesco.org
HC data).
Albania-1
Montenegro*-2
Serbia
Macedonia (FYR)-1
Latvia
Rep. of Moldova
Slovakia
Lithuania
Bulgaria
Poland
Croatia
Portugal
Cyprus
Greece-2
Estonia
Romania
United Kingdom+1
Spain
Turkey
Ukraine
Italy
Switzerland-1
Netherlands
Czech Rep.
Slovenia
Hungary
Belgium
Iceland-1
Russian Fed.
Malta
Norway
Ireland
Belarus*
France-1
Luxembourg
Germany
Finland
Denmark
Sweden
Austria
0%
Source: UIS, July 2011
Government
Higher education
Private non-profit
Note: -1 = 2008, -2 = 2007, -3 = 2006, -4 = 2005, -6 = 2002, -7 = 2001, -9 = 2000, -12 = 1997.
www.uis.unesco.org
Data in this graph are based on FTE data (* based on HC data).
Australia-1
New Zealand-2
Business enterprise
Rep. of Korea-1
Japan-1
China-1
Singapore-1
Philippines-2
Hong Kong,
India-4
Malaysia-3
Jordan*-6
Lao PDR-7
Palestine*-1
Thailand-2
Sri Lanka-1
Brunei-6
Cambodia-7
Iran-1
Azerbaijan
Kyrgyzstan*
Viet Nam-7
Kazakhstan*
Macao, China
Mongolia*
Indonesia*-4
Tajikistan*-3
Armenia*
Bangladesh*-12
Georgia*-4
Pakistan
Mali*-2
South Africa-2
Ghana-2
Botswana*-4
Uganda*
Zambia-1
Lesotho
Tunisia-1
Cen. Afr. Rep.*
Cameroon*-1
Kenya*-2
Sudan*-4
Malawi-2
Morocco-1
Senegal-1
Mozambique*-2
Burkina Faso*-2
Ethiopia-2
Gambia*
Seychelles-4
Guinea*-9
Egypt
Madagascar-2
Tanzania*-2
Nigeria-2
Algeria-4
Togo-2
Congo DR*-4
Côte d'Ivoire-4
A breakdown of researchers in Africa, Asia and the Pacific.
Researchers by sector of employment, 2009 or latest
available year
100%
Unknown
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
What are the national research densities?
Researchers per million inhabitants, 2009 or
latest available year
0–100 per million
101–300 per million
301–1000 per million
1001–2000 per million
2001 per million and above
Data not available
Source: UIS, July 2011
Note: Data in this map are based on FTE. However, figures in headcounts (HC) were considered for the following countries since
the FTE figures were not available: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Bangladesh; Belarus; Benin; Botswana; Cameroon; Central African
Rep.; Cuba; Dem. Rep. of the Congo; El Salvador; Gabon; Gambia; Georgia; Guinea; Honduras; Jordan; Kazakhstan;
Kyrgyzstan; Libya; Mauritius; Mongolia; Montenegro; Nauru; Nicaragua; Peru; Saint Lucia; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines;
Saudi Arabia; Sudan; Tajikistan; Tanzania; Trinidad and Tobago; Uganda and U.S. Virgin Islands. This has to be taken into
account when interpreting the data.
www.uis.unesco.org
The gender gap in science.
Women as a share of total researchers, 2009 or
latest available year
0%–30%
30.1%–45%
45.1%–55%
55.1%–70%
70.1%–100%
Data not available
Source: UIS, July 2011
Note: Data in this map are based on HC, except for Congo and www.uis.unesco.org
India (based on FTE).
Gender gap in research career?
Proportion of women and men graduates in tertiary
education and those employed as researchers, 2008
Women
Men
80
Women and men (%)
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Bachelor's degree
Source: UIS, October 2010
Master's degree
PhD degree
Researchers
www.uis.unesco.org
Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD), Arab
States, 2009 or last available year
Country
Year
Bahrain
…
Kuwait*
2009
GERD ('000) – Local
currency
GERD - PPP$ ('000)
GERD – as % of
GDP
…
…
…
34 197
…
0.11
Oman
…
…
…
…
Qatar
…
…
…
…
1 180 752
503 573
0.08
…
…
…
4 994 000
157 008
0.07
…
…
…
2 200 000
998 370
0.21
…
…
…
67 785
135 088
0.42
Saudi Arabia*
United Arab Emirates
2009
…
Algeria*
2005
Djibouti
…
Egypt*
2009
Iraq
Jordan*
Source: UIS S&T Database, Aug 2012
…
2008
* Based on partial data
www.uis.unesco.org
Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD), Arab
States, 2009 or last available year
conti..
Country
Year
GERD ('000) – Local
currency
GERD - PPP$ ('000)
GERD – as % of
GDP
Lebanon
…
…
…
…
Libya
…
…
…
…
Mauritania
…
…
…
…
Morocco*
2006
3 670 080
765 086
0.64
Palestine
…
…
…
…
South Sudan
…
…
…
…
192 840
179 085
0.29
…
…
…
649 000
1 064 275
1.10
…
…
…
Sudan*
Syrian Arab Republic
Tunisia*
Yemen
Source: UIS S&T Database, Aug 2012
2005
…
2009
…
* Based on partial data
www.uis.unesco.org
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD)
worldwide
2002 (790.3 billion)
2007 (1145.7 billion)
1000
873.2
900
GERD (in billions PPP$)
800
700
653.0
600
500
400
272.5
300
137.3
200
100
0
Developed countries
Source: UIS, August 2010
Developing countries
Figures are in Purchasing Power Parity Dollars (PPP$)
www.uis.unesco.org
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD)
worldwide
2002 (790.3 billion)
2007 (1145.7 billion)
400
373
GERD (in billions PPP$)
350
300
277
265
250
206
200
170
148
150
108
102
87
100
98
62
39
50
0
USA
Source: UIS, August 2010
EU
Japan
Other
developed
Figures are in Purchasing Power Parity Dollars (PPP$)
China
Other
developing
www.uis.unesco.org
Where are R&D investments made?
Shares of world R&D expenditure (GERD) by principal
regions, 2002 and 2007 (%)
2002 (789 billion PPP$)
Europe,
30.3%
Latin
America &
Caribbean,
2.6%
Oceania,
1.4%
Africa,
0.9%
North
America,
37.8%
2007 (1138 billion PPP$)
Asia,
27.1%
Europe,
27.3%
Latin
America &
Caribbean,
2.9%
Oceania,
1.6%
Africa,
0.9%
North
America,
34.7%
Asia,
32.7%
Source: UIS, August 2010
www.uis.unesco.org
World’s top 10 leaders in R&D investment
GERD (‘000 PPP$), 2009 or latest available year
24,935,470
33,368,083
24,752,618
398,194,000
40,610,639
43,906,413
47,953,451
83,974,765
121,369,732
148,719,235
United States-1
Japan-1
China-1
Germany
France
Rep. of Korea-1
United Kingdom
Russian Fed.
Canada
Italy
Source: UIS, July 2011
Note: -1 = 2008.
www.uis.unesco.org
A snap-shot of R&D intensity.
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) as a
percentage of GDP, 2009 or latest available year
0.00%–0.25%
0.26%–0.50%
0.51%–1.00%
1.01%–2.00%
2.01% and above
Data not available
Source: UIS, July 2011
www.uis.unesco.org
R&D intensity (GERD as a % of GDP) by
principal regions, 1990 – 2007
3.0%
Northern
America
2.6%
2.6%
Oceania
2.5%
2.1%
2.0%
WORLD
1.8%
1.8%
1.7%
1.8%
1.6%
1.5%
1.6%
Europe
1.1%
Asia
1.0%
0.6%
0.6%
0.5%
0.5%
0.4%
Latin
America &
Caribbean
Africa
0.0%
1990
1992
1994
1996/1997 1999/2000
2002
Sources: For 1990 – 2000, UIS estimates, 2004. For 2002 -2007, UIS estimates, September 2009.
2007
www.uis.unesco.org
A breakdown of R&D investment in the Americas.
GERD by sector of performance, 2009 or latest
available year
Business enterprise
Government
Private non-profit
Unknown
Higher education
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
Source: UIS, July 2011
Note: -1 = 2008, -2 = 2007, -5 = 2004, -7 = 2002.
El Salvador-2
Guatemala-1
Paraguay-1
Panama
Trinidad and Tobago-1
Ecuador-1
Uruguay-1
Colombia
Bolivia-7
Argentina-1
Peru-5
Costa Rica-1
Brazil-5
Chile-5
Mexico-2
Canada
United States-1
0%
www.uis.unesco.org
Luxembourg
Switzerland-1
Finland+1
Austria
Sweden
Germany
Belgium
Denmark
Ireland
Slovenia
Malta
Russian Fed.
United Kingdom+1
France
Czech Rep.
Hungary
Ukraine
Iceland-1
Norway
Belarus
Spain
Italy
Netherlands
Portugal
Estonia
Slovakia
Croatia
Romania
Turkey
Latvia
Bulgaria
Macedonia (FYR)-1
Poland
Greece-2
Lithuania
Cyprus
Serbia
Rep. of Moldova
Montenegro-2
Albania-1
Bosnia & Herzegovina-2
A breakdown of R&D investment in Europe.
GERD by sector of performance, 2009 or latest
available year
100%
Business enterprise
Source: UIS, July 2011
Government
Higher education
Private non-profit
Note: +1 = 2010, -1 = 2008, -2 = 2007.
Unknown
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
www.uis.unesco.org
Source: UIS, July 2011
Government
Higher education
Private non-profit
Note: -1 = 2008, -2 = 2007, -3 = 2006, -4 = 2005, -5 = 2004, -7 =www.uis.unesco.org
2002, -8 = 2001.
Australia-1
New Zealand-2
Business enterprise
Malaysia-3
Israel
Japan-1
Rep. of Korea-1
China-1
Singapore-1
Philippines-2
Thailand-2
Hong Kong, China
Lao PDR-7
India-2
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Azerbaijan
Sri Lanka-1
Viet Nam-7
Indonesia-8
Cambodia-7
Iran-1
Mongolia
Macao, China
Brunei-5
Armenia
Tajikistan
Pakistan
Georgia-4
South Africa-2
Sudan-4
Morocco-3
Tunisia
Botswana-4
Kenya-2
Uganda
Ghana-2
Mali-2
Zambia-1
Senegal-1
Burkina Faso-2
Seychelles-4
Mozambique-2
Ethiopia-2
Tanzania-2
Nigeria-2
Madagascar
Lesotho
A breakdown of R&D investment in Africa, Asia and the
Pacific. GERD by sector of performance, 2009 or latest
available year
100%
Unknown
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1.2 Innovation Statistics: Why?
 Medium-term objective of the International
Review of S&T Statistics & Indicators 2002-03;
 May provide information on the business sector
in developing countries that R&D statistics won’t
supply;
 Many developing countries recently starting to
carry out innovation surveys;
 UIS has a natural coordinating role as UN lead
agency on STI statistics.
www.uis.unesco.org
The UIS strategy on Innovation Statistics
 Inventory of innovation surveys in developing countries;
 Pilot data collection (around 20 countries in June 2011);
 2013: Regular data collection every two years;
 Online worldwide database;
 Analysis and publications;
 Capacity building and training activities;
 Methodological developments and survey help;
 In partnership with international and regional
organisations (ASEAN, AU/NEPAD, Eurostat, OECD,
RICYT, …).
www.uis.unesco.org
2. Capacity building: STI statistics
workshops
 Increase the number of countries regularly producing quality
S&T indicators.
 Create local capacities and establish sustainable local S&T
statistics systems.
 Promote the use of S&T indicators for evidence-based S&T
policy making.
 Share experiences with other developing countries and
address problems.
 Gain knowledge about the particular characteristics of S&T
statistics data.
 Demonstrate good practices in other countries of the region.
www.uis.unesco.org
UIS STI Statistics workshops
2005:
Uganda, India
2006:
Indonesia, Senegal, Kazakhstan
2007:
Tunisia, FYR of Macedonia, Jordan, Russia,
Cameroon
2008:
Oman, Cambodia, Botswana
2009:
Kenya, Egypt
2010:
Mali, Syria, Jordan*, Uzbekistan, Ethiopia*, Nepal
2011:
Grenada, Gabon, Azerbaijan*, Vietnam
But also contributing to similar workshops of
partner organisations (e.g. RICYT, NEPAD, other
partner orgs)
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Countries that have participated in UNESCO
S&T statistics workshops 2005-2011
Countries and territories covered
Countries and territories not yet covered
Countries and territories not targeted
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Results of workshops
 Increased response rate – non-responding
countries learn how to do it from UIS and
neighbours.
 Immediate problems solved.
 Increased data quality – improved understanding
of application of international standards.
 Face to face contacts = more effective networking.
 Inputs to UIS programme development.
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3. Standard setting/methodological
developments
 Measuring R&D in Developing Countries:
Technical Guide and Annex to the Frascati Manual
(2010)
 Measuring Innovation in Developing countries:
Annex to the Oslo Manual (2005)
 Careers of Doctoral Holders – CDH (since 2004)
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Measuring R&D in Developing Countries: Annex to
the Frascati Manual (2010 / 2011)
UIS TP5: http://www.uis.unesco.org/Library/Documents/tech%205-eng.pdf
FM Annex:
http://www.oecd.org/science/innovationinsciencetechnologyandindustry/49793555.pdf
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Measuring R&D in Developing Countries
cont.
Objectives are to provide:
• Guidance to developing countries on how to adapt the
FM standards
• Recommendations for specific situations that fall outside
FM framework
• Suggestions on how to strengthen S&T statistical
system in developing countries
 Stay within boundaries of Frascati Manual (FM)
 Some of the measurement challenges may be
considered for a future revision of the FM
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Measuring Innovation in Developing Countries:
Annex to the Oslo Manual (2005)
 After the publication of the 2nd Oslo Manual, also developing
countries started conducting innovation surveys.
 The design of the surveys was intended to comply with Oslo
Manual standards, with adaptations for capturing the particular
characteristics of innovation processes. Adaptations were
prepared by each country separately and with different
approaches.
 Bogotá Manual published by RICYT (Ibero American Network
on S&T Indicators) first effort to compile particularities and
guide the design of cross-nationally comparable innovation
surveys.
 Oslo Manual 3rd edition: UIS drafted the annex on Innovation
surveys in developing countries.
http://213.253.134.43/oecd/pdfs/browseit/9205111E.PDF (page 135)
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The careers of doctorate holders
survey (CDH)
 A joint project with the OECD and Eurostat.
 Methodology developed “from scratch”.
 Aimed both at developed and developing
countries.
 With participation from experts from both
developed and developing countries.
 Promoting the methodology by encouraging
developing countries to conduct such surveys and
produce cross-nationally comparable statistics on
careers of doctorate holders.
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Relevance of the CDH project
 Focus on the crucial role of highly qualified
individuals who represent a key to the production,
application and transmission of knowledge.
 Statistics on the global trends in human resources
for Science and Technology (HRST) very weak.
 Quality and comparability of international data on
migration is particularly weak.
 Diversity of data collection methods hinders
international comparability, and does not provide
information on career paths and mobility patterns.
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Objectives of CDH
Objectives:
 To design an internationally comparable tool for
tracking the careers of doctorates holders and
highly qualified people in different countries.
 To collect and exchange information on the career
paths of holders of doctorates from existing data
sources and the new survey tool.
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CDH modules
 Doctoral Education (EDU)
 Early Career Research positions (ECR)
 Employment situation (EMP)
 International mobility (MOB)
 Career-related experience (CAR)
 Personal characteristics (PER)
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CDH toolkit
Components:
 Model questionnaire and Instruction Manual
 Output tables and variables definitions
 Methodological guidelines
 Bridge table model questionnaire - output tables
See:
http://www.uis.unesco.org/ev.php?URL_ID=5219&
URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201
and www.oecd.org/sti/cdh
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Current / Future methodological work
 Reviewing the concepts on Science and
Technology Activities (STA): 2011-2013
 Guide for the conduct of an R&D Surveys in
Developing Countries: 2012-2013
 Guide to Innovation Surveys in Developing
Countries: 201?
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4. Some publications
 Data publicly available at: http://www.uis.unesco.org
(http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/ReportFolders/R
eportFolders.aspx?IF_ActivePath=P,54&IF_Langua
ge=eng)
 UIS Fact Sheets
 UNESCO Science Report 2010
 International Report on Science, Technology and
Gender 2007
 R&D eAtlas: http://www.uis.unesco.org/data/atlasresearch-development/en
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Collaborations / Partnerships
 UNESCO HQs
 UNESCO offices worldwide
 World Bank
 OECD
 Eurostat
 AU-NEPAD
 RICYT (Latin America)
 ALECSO
 Arab Academy of Science
 ADB
 ISESCO
 ATPS
 Inter-Academy Council
 ISDB
 INRS (Quebec, Canada)
 EU-Medibtikar
 ASEAN
 Centre for Social Innovation (ZSI),
Austria
 IDRC (Canada)
 IRD (France)
 ECO
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Way forward
 There is still a lot to do!
 UIS needs to keep direct contact with statisticians:
Quality and relevance.
 Countries to establish sustainable S&T statistics
systems, involving line ministries (S&T Ministries or
Research Councils) and National Statistical Offices.
 Looking forward to further cooperation.
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Thank you!
http://www.uis.unesco.org
m.schaaper@unesco.org
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