CAES – New Development Projects
Worldwide
An Overview of Some of the Many
CAES Projects Currently Being Carried
Out Worldwide
09/04/2015
Overview
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General Compression Technology
Larne CAES System, Northern Ireland
Iowa Stored Energy Park
San Joaquin County CAES System
Norton CAES System
Dresser-Rand
New York Power Authority Research
SustainX Demonstration CAES Project
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Comparison of Current CAES Projects
Conclusions
09/04/2015
Compressed Air Energy Storage Systems
Worldwide
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General Compression
• Have researched and designed the General
Compression Advanced Energy Storage (GCAESTM)
system1.
– Based on reversible thermodynamics, they claim a
near-isothermal process, covering both the
compression and expansion stages.
• Efficiency – 75%
• Cost – $800 - $1000/kW2
– Have a fully operational 100kW multi-stage plant in Watertown,
Massachusetts.
– Construction of second generation GCAES, 2MW, 500MWh
system with wind turbine integration now underway in Texas.
09/04/2015
[1] Source: General Compression – Who We Are
Compressed Air Energy Storage Systems Worldwide
©2014 Storelectric Ltd
[2] Source: General Compression - Fuel-Free Geologic Compressed Air Energy Storage From Renewable Power - Task #1 Deliverable Report
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Larne
• A planned gas storage system by InfraStrata
and North East Storage that was subject to
heavy opposition due to the disposal of brine
in the sea, amongst many other safety
concerns3.
– Gaelectric have now carried out tests to
determine the feasibility of the area for CEAS.
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09/04/2015
£175million project
£10million set aside for feasibility study
Power Output: 140 - 300MW
Efficiency: ?
Compressed Air Energy Storage Systems Worldwide
©2014 Storelectric Ltd
[3] Source: Larne Times – Test Data will Provide Data on Wind-Energy Storage Potential
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Iowa Stored
Energy Park
• Planned project studied for 8 years to store
wind energy through compression of air in
sandstone aquifers below the ground.
– Power Output: 270MW
– $400million4
• Project terminated in 2011 due to geology
reasons.
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[4] Source: Sandia Report – Lessons from Iowa
Compressed Air Energy Storage Systems Worldwide
©2014 Storelectric Ltd
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San Joaquin County
CAES Site Testing
• Pacific Gas & Electric Company (PG&E) spent
three weeks conducting tests on a depleted
natural gas reservoir, capable of storing
300MW of power lasting 10 hours5.
• Engineers and geologists have been studying
10m sections of rock in order to determine
the feasibility of CAES, as has to be the case
with all CAES projects6.
• Results are yet to be published.
09/04/2015
Compressed Air Energy Storage Systems Worldwide
©2014 Storelectric Ltd
[5] Source: Energy Storage Exchange - Advanced Underground CAES Project w/Saline Porous Rock Formation
[6] Source: PGE Currents- Electricity Out of Thin Air? PG&E Exploring New Type of Clean Energy
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Norton, Ohio CAES
Project
• This project has been researched for over a
decade now, changing company hands with
current owners First Energy.
• The proposal7:
– CAES in a disused Limestone mine
– Power Output: 270MW initially rising to 2700MW
as more and more phases are built.
09/04/2015
Compressed Air Energy Storage Systems Worldwide
©2014 Storelectric Ltd
[7] Source: First Energy Corporation – Alternative and Renewable Energy
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Dresser-Rand
• Dresser-Rand have recently been awarded the
contract to proved the equipment for a
317MW CAES system in Texas, working in
partnership with Apex.
– Dresser-Rand also supplied the turboexpander
turbines for the McIntosh CAES plant.
09/04/2015
Compressed Air Energy Storage Systems Worldwide
©2014 Storelectric Ltd
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New York Power
Authority Research
• Provide around 25% of the energy
requirements of New York State, and are
looking to supply renewable energy options to
all their customers.
• Mission statement:
– “to advance the generation and utilization of
renewable energy through project
implementation, research and technology
transfer”8
09/04/2015
Compressed Air Energy Storage Systems Worldwide
©2014 Storelectric Ltd
[8] Source: New York Power Authority - Energy Storage Activities at New York Power Authorities
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New York Power
Authority Research
• Underground CAES feasibility study8
– Power Output: 300MW
– Compressor Power: 215MW
– Storage Capacity: 10 hours
– Cost: $700/kWh
• Above ground CAES feasibility study
– 3 foot diameter 2 mile pipework
– Power Output: 10MW
– Storage Capacity: 2hours
09/04/2015
Compressed Air Energy Storage Systems Worldwide
©2014 Storelectric Ltd
[8] Source: New York Power Authority - Energy Storage Activities at New York Power Authorities
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SustainX CAES
Demonstration Project
• Small start-up company who raised $14.4million
and received a grant from US DoE of $5.39M,
highlighting the recognition for such projects to
be developed9.
• A 50kW plant has already been built and now
construction has begun on a 1MW, 4MWh
plant10.
– Built using SustainX’s patented Isothermal technology,
boasting the lack of fuel and secondary heat sources
involved.
– 95% efficiency in both compression and expansion.
09/04/2015
[9] Source: Gigaom - SustainX Raises $14.4M for Air Energy Storage
Compressed Air Energy Storage Systems Worldwide
©2014 Storelectric Ltd
[10] Source: US DoE – SistainX Inc - Isothermal Compressed Air Energy Storage
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Chinese Academy
of Sciences
• 3 projects, generating 1.5, 10 and 100MW
• All based on cylinder storage and heat
recovery
• Proved that a 10x size increase corresponds
with a 5-7% efficiency increase
• Best efficiency so far is 65-70%
• Casting around for new ideas
Compressed Air Energy Storage Systems Worldwide
©2014 Storelectric Ltd
Comparison of
Current Schemes
Compressed Air Energy Storage Systems Worldwide
©2014 Storelectric Ltd
Conclusions
• “Industry sources estimate that there are more than 40
such projects being contemplated over the next 5 to 10
years”
• As can be seen through the examples provided throughout
this presentation, compressed air energy storage is an area
of heavy research with projects being set up by a number
of companies.
• The original technology is already proven by the plants at
Huntorf and McIntosh, and now with advancements in
technology far greater efficiencies can be achieved.
• CAES systems provide an area of Engineering that could
become the focal-point for many years to come, with
investments richly rewarding.
09/04/2015
Compressed Air Energy Storage Systems Worldwide
©2014 Storelectric Ltd
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THANK YOU
09/04/2015
Compressed Air Energy Storage Systems
Worldwide
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