IBM Software, Rational
September 13, 2011
Managing Complex Requirements
Reduce the Time, Cost and Risk of Developing
Profitable Products and Systems
Systems and Software Engineering, Rational
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Software and Systems Engineering | Rational
Poor Requirements Management has a Significant Impact on your
Business
Requirements Rework
Requirements issues drive excessive rework,
delays, poor quality, and project failures
 Errors, late detected in the Maintenance phase
can cost up to 200 times more than detected
early in Requirement Analysis phase1
Project Impacts
 41% of projects fail to deliver the expected
business value and ROI3
 49% of projects overrun original estimates3
 28% of projects on time and on budget4
Relative Cost to Repair
200
 More than 40% of development budget
can be consumed by poor requirements2
Time not spent in
requirements is time
spent in rework
(at cost x200)
50
20
10
5
1-2
0
Analysis
Project Delays
 Being late to market by 6 months or more will cost
organizations 33% of the 5-year ROI5
Design
Coding
Unit Test
Acceptance Maintenance
Test
Stage in which Requirements Error Is Discovered
“Our research indicates 80-plus percent of development failures result directly
from poor requirements gathering, management, and analysis.”
IDC, November 2007
Sources: 1) Leffingwell & Widrig, “Managing Software Requirements,” Addison Wesley, 1999 2) IAG Consulting,
2008 3) Dynamic Market Limited, 2007 4) Standish Group, 2001 5) Don Reinertsen, McKinsey, 1983
2
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Software and Systems Engineering | Rational
Process and Collaboration Challenges
To Deliver Higher Quality Systems & Software, Defined By Accurate
Requirements and Project Information
Project Engineer
CTO/Programme Director
We struggle with delivering
complex projects on time, to
cost and with the quality that
the customer asked for
“It’s impossible to roll up multipleproject information to know we are
on track or not”
Many of my colleagues are working on their
own specifications, so I am never sure
where the latest requirements are or what
status they are at”
“I need access to a live central repository
and to know that I am looking at the latest
approved requirements”
“I need to implement a process
that supports collaboration with
customers, project team and
suppliers”
3
Requirements change but why
doesn’t anyone tell me?
“I need a process that ensures
traceability between my
requirements and changes. I
need to know the status of those
changes”
Project Manager
Requirements Manager
The customer often gives us bad
requirements –it’s a nightmare tracing
how they are implemented by internal
and external suppliers
Developer
QA Manager
Audit is a nightmare as the
project teams and suppliers do
things differently
“Everyone need to be following the
same process and creating the
same metrics and reports”
We do ok on our small projects, but
on our really large ones my teams as
well as the suppliers struggle to get all
the pieces to fit together…
“I need to implement a process that
enforces traceability between all my
project information and supply chain
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Software and Systems Engineering | Rational
IBM Rational RM Solutions Addressing Various Needs/Cultures
Engineering &
Compliance
“Have we missed
anything?”
Market-driven
“Must get this out fast
with high quality.”
Minimalist
“We use our existing tools
for requirements, as well.”
DOORS
RequisitePro
Requirements Composer
4
© 2011 IBM Corporation
IBM Software, Rational
Smarter healthcare
Smarter energy
Products of all types are becoming more
instrumented, interconnected and intelligent
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Software and Systems Engineering | Rational
Innovation is increasingly being driven by software
Software encompasses
80% of the innovation
that differentiates today’s systems, products and services
The Android operating system,
including the Linux kernel,
contains about 12 million lines of code
The average 2010 automobile
contains more lines of software
code than a fighter jet
© 2011 IBM Corporation
7
IBM Software, Rational
What does it take to build smarter products?
Connect multiple products and services into a
“system of systems” to deliver unique value
Leverage systems engineering to accelerate
time to market, improve quality and reduce costs
Develop a core competency in software delivery
to produce products that are differentiated
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Software and Systems Engineering | Rational
Complexity Creates Development Challenges
Leading to cost overruns, schedule slips and quality issues
Poor requirements engineering = failed projects
Paper-based and manual processes hinder efficiency
Complex architecture is difficult to textually explain
Functionality is poorly distributed across components
Hardware/software integration is often late
Many organizations lack formalized practices
Silos of people,
process, and projects
Geographic Barriers
Organizational Barriers
Infrastructure Barriers
 Poor communication
 Weak collaboration
 Incompatible tools
 Language, culture, time
 Poor project governance
and LOB oversight
 Unreliable access
 Security of IP
 Inflexible integration
 Process gaps resulting in
rework
 Lengthy on-boarding
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Software and Systems Engineering | Rational
End-to-end Product Innovation with IBM
Integrated Product Management
© 2011 IBM Corporation
IBM Software, Rational
How do you foster innovation, manage increasing complexity and
establish a collaborative, responsive lifecycle approach in developing
systems?
© 2011 IBM Corporation
IBM Software, Rational
7 steps to conquering complexity in creating smarter products
 Execute Systems Engineering Best Practice
 Elevate Real time and Embedded Software Development
 Unify Lifecycle Disciplines across Systems and Software Engineering
 Establish a Platform for Integration
 Enable Cross-Domain Collaboration
 Automate Process Guidance
 Adopt a Reuse Strategy for Product Lines
© 2011 IBM Corporation
IBM Software, Rational
7 steps to conquering complexity in creating smarter products
 Execute Systems Engineering Best Practice
© 2011 IBM Corporation
IBM Software, Rational
Advance your Systems Engineering practice to establish a
collaborative development environment to break down barriers
TEST TEAM
ELECTRONIC
Systems
Engineering
SOFTWARE
MECHANICAL
© 2011 IBM Corporation
IBM Software, Rational
Best-in-class Systems Engineering in product companies results in
significant marketplace advantages
Best in class performance:
83%
met deadlines
13%
reduction in
development time
10%
reduction in product cost
8%
increase in profit margins
Source: “System Engineering”, Aberdeen Group, Michelle Boucher, October 2009
“Good system engineering
practices offer a lot of opportunity
for greater profitability.
However, poor system engineering
practices are extremely costly.”
Michelle Boucher, Aberdeen Group
© 2011 IBM Corporation
IBM Software, Rational
7 steps to conquering complexity in creating smarter products
 Execute Systems Engineering Best Practice
 Elevate Real time and Embedded Software Development
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Software and Systems Engineering | Rational
Software in products is growing at a rapid rate across many industries
More Complex Than a Fighter Jet: Safety regulations and consumer demand for performance
and convenience have led to an exponential spike in cars’ software complexity.
Source, HBR, June 2010
…but few are prepared as
complexity increases
Source: 2010 IBM CEO Study
© 2011 IBM Corporation
IBM Software, Rational
Elevate Real time and Embedded Software Development
with Domain-Focused Model-Driven Development
 Raise level of abstraction to help manage complexity
 More than just pictures – consistency maintained across views
StandardsBased
MDD
 Unified Modeling Language – UML 2.x
– Industry-standard notation for specifying, visualizing, and documenting systems and
software designs
 Systems Modeling Language - SysML
– Extends/specializes UML to address needs of the Systems Engineer
– Open standard published by the OMG and INCOSE
Use Case Diagram shows
high level operation
Activity Diagram shows functions and functional flows
Sequence Diagrams show collaboration
© 2011 IBM Corporation
IBM Software, Rational
Best-in-class product companies build a strong competency in
Real Time and Embedded Software
Best-of-class produce results:
 19% more meet revenue
targets
 4.4 times more
embedded software than
competitors
38%
 50% fewer defects
in embedded software
35%
30%
19%
13%
 25% decrease in product
development time
Source: “Embedded Systems Development”, Aberdeen Group, March 2009
© 2011 IBM Corporation
IBM Software, Rational
7 steps to conquering complexity in creating smarter products
 Execute Systems Engineering Best Practice
 Elevate Real time and Embedded Software Development
 Unify Lifecycle Disciplines across Systems and Software Engineering
 Establish a Platform for Integration
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Software and Systems Engineering | Rational
Rational solution for Systems and Software Engineering
Best Practices, Tools and Services on an open platform
Best Practices and Integrated Process Guidance
Rational Method Composer
REQUIREMENTS MANAGEMENT
QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Manage all system requirements
with full traceability across the lifecycle
Rational DOORS
Achieve “quality by design” with an
integrated, automated testing process
Rational Quality Manager
ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN
Use modeling to validate requirements, architecture
and design throughout the development process
Rational Rhapsody & Rhapsody Design Manager
COLLABORATION, PLANNING & CHANGE MANAGEMENT
Collaborate across diverse engineering disciplines and development teams
Rational Team Concert
DO-178B
DODAF MODAF
SYSML
Android
20
Open Services for Lifecycle Collaboration
ISO 26262
AUTOSAR Automotive
Spice©
IEC 62304
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Software and Systems Engineering | Rational
Manage Requirements across Lifecycle and Disciplines
 Build the right product because the requirements are visible at all times
Prove that all requirements (user, safety, regulatory, etc.) were fully satisfied
 Understand the requirements
Analyze stakeholder needs
Evaluate coverage and impact analysis
 Validate the requirements
Analyze for correctness and to determine next steps
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Software and Systems Engineering | Rational
Translate Requirements into a System Design
 Build the product right with structural and
behavioral analysis and design
 Visualize the system
 Simulate to confirm functionality
 Analyze impact of changes
 Trace requirements in either direction
 Specify and develop software
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Software and Systems Engineering | Rational
Build in Quality from Concept to Launch
 Simulate often to validate functionality and verify correctness
 Automatically create and execute tests from the design model or target
platform
 Manage test cases. Prioritize the features and functions to be tested
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Software and Systems Engineering | Rational
Collaborate, plan and manage change across diverse teams
 Establish a Web-based collaboration hub
 Increase visibility with real time Dashboards
 Manage changes to requirements
 Respond faster with
Integrated Planning
 Collaborate in context
 Link all artifacts to work
items
Current
milestone
status
Team
member
details
Trending by
project or by
individual
team
© 2011 IBM Corporation
IBM Software, Rational
7 steps to conquering complexity in creating smarter products
 Execute Systems Engineering Best Practice
 Elevate Real time and Embedded Software Development
 Unify Lifecycle Disciplines across Systems and Software Engineering
 Establish a Platform for Integration
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Software and Systems Engineering | Rational
Establish an open integration platform
Enable a loosely coupled “web” of linked engineering data
Capture
disparate data
for project
visibility
tests
ECUs
baselines
requirements
parts
change
requests
project
plans
documents
Electronics
Open Services
for Lifecycle
Collaboration
Jazz Dashboard
Integration based on the principals of the Internet
Open interfaces.
Open possibilities.
www.open-services.net
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Software and Systems Engineering | Rational
ALM with PLM
Jazz & OSLC enable open integration between engineering
disciplines
Rational Solution
for
Systems
and Software
Engineering
Focal
Focal
RTC
RTC
,, CC,
CC,
RTC, CQ,
Quality
DOORS
DOORS
Rhapsody
Rhapsody
RequirementsPoint
Mgmt, Architecture
Point
Synergy
Synergy& Design, Planning, Change
ChangeManagement,
Manager
Collaboration, Quality Management, …
Link from model to requirement
RM OSLC
CM OSLC
Third Party
Provides change management interface
Link from mechanical part to requirement
PLM Tool
Open Services for Lifecycle Collaboration
© 2011 IBM Corporation
IBM Software, Rational
7 steps to conquering complexity in creating smarter products
 Execute Systems Engineering Best Practice
 Elevate Real time and Embedded Software Development
 Unify Lifecycle Disciplines across Systems and Software Engineering
 Establish a Platform for Integration
 Enable Cross-Domain Collaboration
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Software and Systems Engineering | Rational
Collaborative Design Management
Enhance cross-team collaboration in systems & software design
Central Design Hub
 Enterprise-wide search,
review, analyze, and reuse
IBM Collaborative
Design Management
 Links elements to artifacts
 Navigate and visualize
relationships
Stakeholder
Collaboration
 Mark-up diagrams
 Discussion thread
 Web client
© 2011 IBM Corporation
IBM Software, Rational
Participate in the next generation of integration and collaboration
Themes:
 Access engineering artifacts
 Enable queries and reports
across artifact types
 Capture product configurations
 Provide common engineering
project planning and
dashboards
© 2011 IBM Corporation30
IBM Software, Rational
7 steps to conquering complexity in creating smarter products
 Execute Systems Engineering Best Practice
 Elevate Real time and Embedded Software Development
 Unify Lifecycle Disciplines across Systems and Software Engineering
 Establish a Platform for Integration
 Enable Cross-Domain Collaboration
 Automate Process Guidance
© 2011 IBM Corporation
IBM Software, Rational
Integrate and Automate Process Guidance
Customer need: Injections of specific process capability
IBM provides process support components around a
library of proven practices for incremental adoption
Customer need: Desire to exploit proven processes
IBM provides industry proven process support,
integrated as an end to end process
© 2011 IBM Corporation
IBM Software, Rational
How is process support provided ?
Practice library
Dashboards
Starting templates
Tool mentors
Auto generation of
practice work items
© 2011 IBM Corporation
IBM Software, Rational
Accelerate A&D, Automotive and Electronics development
Supporting industry-specific safety standards and co-development
 Aerospace and Defense
– Support for DO178B
– DO-178B is the international and de facto
standard for certifying all aviation safetycritical software.
 Automotive
– Support for ISO 26262
– ISO 26262 is an upcoming new
automotive functional safety standard for
in-vehicle electric and electronic (E/E)
systems
 Electronics: HW/SW Co-design
– Improve synchronization of hardware
and software development with common
tools and language
– Includes integrations with key Electronic
Design Automation (EDA) companies
*Planned August delivery
© 2011 IBM Corporation
IBM Software, Rational
IBM practices for DO-178B and ISO 26262




Supports processes and work products defined in the standards
Implemented in the Rational Solution for Systems and Software Engineering
Customizable for your business processes
Tools to implement your own processes
DO-178B / ISO26262
Standard
Process template
Practice
Library
Work product template
© 2011 IBM Corporation
IBM Software, Rational
7 steps to conquering complexity in creating smarter products
 Execute Systems Engineering Best Practice
 Elevate Real time and Embedded Software Development
 Unify Lifecycle Disciplines across Systems and Software Engineering
 Establish a Platform for Integration
 Enable Cross-Domain Collaboration
 Automate Process Guidance
 Adopt a Reuse Strategy for Product Lines
© 2011 IBM Corporation
IBM Software, Rational
Customers expect customized solutions
Companies must re-evaluate business processes and models
© 2011 IBM Corporation 37
IBM Software, Rational
Variant Management and Product Line Engineering
Entry points and the lifecycle solution
Variant Management via
Strategic reuse
Automated Lifecycle based on
features/functions
Strategic reuse to new generation lifecycle approach
Approaches:
Solutions:
IBM Rational Solution for System
and Software Engineering
Product Line Engineering
Solution
© 2011 IBM Corporation
IBM Software, Rational
Lifecycle Approach to Product Line Engineering
Product and portfolio management
Requirements
engineers
Requirements
Architects
Design models
Development
engineers
Quality
engineers
Development assets
Test cases
Product generator
Features and functions
Product line
© 2011 IBM Corporation 39
IBM Software, Rational
Rational solution for Systems and Software Engineering
Best Practices, Tools and Services on an open platform
Best Practices and Integrated Process Guidance
Rational Method Composer
REQUIREMENTS MANAGEMENT
QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Manage all system requirements
with full traceability across the lifecycle
Rational DOORS
Achieve “quality by design” with an
integrated, automated testing process
Rational Quality Manager
ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN
Use modeling to validate requirements, architecture
and design throughout the development process
Rational Rhapsody & Rhapsody Design Manager
COLLABORATION, PLANNING & CHANGE MANAGEMENT
Collaborate across diverse engineering disciplines and development teams
Rational Team Concert
DO-178B
DODAF MODAF
SYSML
Android
40
Open Services for Lifecycle Collaboration
ISO 26262
AUTOSAR Automotive
Spice©
IEC 62304
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Software and Systems Engineering | Rational
GM leverages Rational solution to develop innovative
products
What’s smart?
 Innovative electric drive system
10 million lines of code; Nearly 100 microprocessors
Smarter business outcomes
 Volt was delivered in <5 years
Average 10+
How IBM helps GM develop
smarter products






Requirements management
Model-driven development
Team collaboration
Engineering asset management
Technical services
Business transformation services
© 2011 IBM Corporation
IBM Software, Rational
IBM Rational support for the advancement of Systems Engineering
IBM Rational solution for systems and software engineering
ibm.com/events/systemengineeringsymposium
•Systems Engineering for
Dummies ebook
www.incose.org
www.incose.org
ibm.co/SEforDummies
Aberdeen Self Assessment on System Engineering
•Self Assessment on
System Engineering:
Tips to increase profit
margins
by Aberdeen Group
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Software and Systems Engineering | Rational
Resources for more information
 Rational Solution for Systems and Software Engineering
– Taming the Complexity of Smarter Products with Systems Engineering
– Demo video: 8 min
– Executive Brief: Turning product development into competitive advantage
 Automating Process Guidance
– Accelerating Collaboration Across the Systems Development Lifecycle
 Asset reuse and product line engineering
– Working Smarter Not Harder- Tips and Tricks for Strategic Asset Reuse
 Industry Resources
– Webcast: Success with Model-Driven Development for DO-178B Projects
– Webcast: Creating & Managing Requirements for Hardware and Software Design
– Video: The Chevrolet Volt: IBM Rational Software Helps GM Deliver Smarter Products
Web pages
 IBM Rational solution for systems and software engineering
 IBM Rational systems engineering and software solutions for aerospace and defense
 IBM Rational automotive industry solutions
 IBM Rational medical devices industry solutions
 Jazz.net Community site: Systems Engineering and Embedded Software Development
© 2011 IBM Corporation
IBM Software, Rational
7 steps to conquering complexity in creating smarter products
 Execute Systems Engineering Best Practice
 Elevate Real time and Embedded Software Development
 Unify Lifecycle Diciplines across Systems and Software Engineering
 Establish a Platform for Integration
 Enable Cross-Domain Collaboration
 Automate Process Guidance
 Adopt a Reuse Strategy for Product Lines
IBM is continually enhancing
industry specific solutions, best
practices and services for
helping companies develop and
deliver smart products
© 2011 IBM Corporation
IBM Software, Rational
IBM Rational Solution for systems and software engineering
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2008. All rights reserved. The information contained in these materials is provided for informational purposes only, and is provided AS IS without warranty of any kind, express or implied.
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© 2011 IBM Corporation