Third Edition
ANTHONY GIDDENS ● MITCHELL DUNEIER ● RICHARD APPELBAUM ● DEBORA CARR
Slides created by Shannon Anderson, Roanoke College
Chapter 16: Globalization in a Changing
World
1
The big issues
• Defining globalization
• Connecting globalization to modernity and
major social change
• Examining social movements: what they are
and how they are global
• Exploring what social forces lead to increased
globalization
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2
Globalization and social
change
• Globalization is the process through which the
world is increasingly connected and
interdependent.
– At level of individuals, groups, organizations,
states, and so on
– This process is largely associated with economic
and political change.
• In the modern period, globalization has
accelerated rapidly.
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3
Linking globalization and social
change
•
•
•
•
•
Responding to environmental factors
Emergence of the political state
New communication technologies
Religious pluralism and the need for
tolerance
Expansion of industrial capitalism
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4
What follows modern society?
• Postindustrial society: Knowledge and
service become the primary products.
• Postmodernity: A rupture with core
understandings of history and belief—no
central narratives, only diversity
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5
The “Geek Squad,” a company founded by Robert Stephens
in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and later purchased by the Best
Buy retail chain, provides consumer computer support and
technical repairs.
Essentials Of Sociology, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
Social movements and
social change
• Collective action is a factor in social change.
• Many movements today—including the antiglobalization movement—are global in scope.
• We now have new social movements, which
are less goal oriented and more identity
oriented.
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7
Approaches to social
movements
•
•
•
•
Economic deprivation
Resource mobilization
Structural strain
Fields of action
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8
Modern technology and
social movements
• Use of Internet for organization and
fundraising
• Speeds up the process with instant information
and response.
• Allows for fast coordination of events like
rallies, protests, and so on.
• Could indicate a shift in power
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9
Table 16.1 Global Unevenness of Telecommunications
Infrastructure and Use
Essentials Of Sociology, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
What makes globalization?
• Economic factors
– Transnational corporations
– Integrated financial markets
• Global flow of information and
communication
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11
What makes globalization?
• Political changes
– Fall of communist regimes
– Rise of IGOs and INGOs
– Rising importance of international coalitions
(the European Union, United Nations, etc.)
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12
Globalization in everyday life
1. IKEA furniture
2. Wii games
3. H&M fashions
4. L’Oreal shampoos or beauty products
5. Samsung cell phone or PDA
6. Molson beer
7. Birkenstock sandals
8. Diesel jeans
9. Apple iPhone
10. American Express credit card
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13
Globalization in everyday life
1. IKEA: founded in Sweden, now owned by a
Dutch foundation
2. Wii: MNC in Kyoto, Japan
3. H&M: Swedish company
4. L’Oreal: Paris suburb
5. Samsung cell or PDA: Seoul, South Korea
6. Molson beer: Montreal, Canada
© 2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
14
Globalization in everyday life
7. Birkenstocks: Germany
8. Diesel jeans: Molvena, Italy
9. Apple iPhone: established in California, parts
from China
10. American Express: New York City
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15
The globalization debate
• There are three main positions:
– Skeptics
– Hyperglobalizers
– Transformationalists
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16
Table 16.2 Conceptualizing Globalization: Three Tendencies
Essentials Of Sociology, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
How we feel about globalization
• Increasing need to construct our identities
• Significant shifts in work and family life
• Ubiquity of Western—especially American—
popular culture
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18
Risk in a global world
• Manufactured risk versus external risk
• Potentially devastating consequences
–
–
–
–
–
Urbanization and industrialization
Pollution
Global warming
Nuclear power
Bioengineered food
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19
Global inequality
•
Wealth concentrated in the developed world
– Poorest 40 percent of global population—5 percent
of global income
– Richest 10 percent—54 percent of global income
•
Global markets have exacerbated this
problem: The gap between rich and poor is
growing.
© 2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
20
The Widening Gap
Between Richer and Poor Countries, 1800 – 2008
GOP PER CAPITA*
1800
2008
USA
$1,343
$42,922
GERMANY
$1,643
$32,637
JAPAN
$896
$31,824
REPUBLIC OF KOREA
$740
$23,845
BRAZIL
$509
$9,633
SOUTH AFRICA
$759
$9,630
EGYPT
$748
$5,678
CHINA
$992
$5,520
PAKISTAN
$665
$2,671
2008
1980
1950
DEM. REP. OF CONGO $394
1900
$370
* 2008 U.S. $
Essentials Of Sociology, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
Note: GDP for South Africa from 1911;
1900 data not available
© 2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
1800
SOURCE: Gapminder.com 2009
21
The Widening Gap
Between Richer and Poor Countries, 1800 – 2008
MEDIAN GOP PER CAPITA*
$40K
$20K
$0K
1850
Low Income
Countries
1900
Medium Income
Countries
Essentials Of Sociology, 3rd Edition Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
© 2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
1950
2000
High Income
Countries
SOURCE: Gapminder.com 2009
22
Does free trade help?
• Many INGOs believe free trade will reduce
global inequality
• Critics argue that a global justice movement
that pushes for trade organized around
protecting rights and resources is needed.
© 2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
23
This concludes the Lecture
PowerPoint Presentation for
Chapter 16: Globalization in a Changing World
For more learning resources, please visit our online StudySpace at:
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24
Clicker Questions
1. What is social change?
a. the transformation over time of revolution
b. the transformation over time of the institutions and culture of
society
c. the transformation over time of social movements
d. the transformation over time of collective behavior
© 2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
25
Clicker Questions
2. One of the main influences on social change consists of
cultural factors. Which one of the following is considered a
cultural factor in social change?
a. type of political organization
b. religion
c. environmental conditions
d. industrial capitalism
© 2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
26
Clicker Questions
3. What factor helps to explain the rise of new social movements over the
past few decades?
a. Traditional political institutions are increasingly ignoring a whole set of
new threats, ranging from environmental crises to genetically modified
organisms, because they are unable to cope with the challenges of
trying to find solutions to them.
b. People today feel less isolated than in the past and are more willing to
join movements.
c. Because these new movements are so focused on the economics and
politics of globalization, people from around the world are drawn to
them.
d. People today feel more entitled and bold when it comes to challenging
the government.
© 2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
27
Clicker Questions
4. Joaquin believes that the world economy has become less integrated
and interdependent than it was in the past. He believes that the
driving forces of globalization are governments and markets and
that internationalization depends on government acquiescence and
support. Also, he believes the pattern of stratification has been
increased marginalization of the global South. Based on this
information, we would classify Joaquin’s beliefs as belonging to
which school of thought?
a. skeptics
b. transformationalists
c. hyperglobalizers
d. individualists
© 2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
28
Clicker Questions
5. Globalization is proceeding in an uneven way and some of the
consequences of globalization are far from benign. Next to
mounting ecological problems, which of the following is one
of the most serious challenges facing the world at the start of
the twenty-first century?
a. the expansion of inequalities within and between societies
b. the expansion of inequalities between competing high-income
countries
c. the expansion of inequalities between overpopulated and
under-populated countries
d. the expansion of inequalities between oil-rich countries
© 2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
29
Art Presentation Slides
Chapter 16
Globalization in a
Changing World
Anthony Giddens
Mitchell Duneier
Richard P. Appelbaum
Deborah Carr
Chapter Opener
Essentials Of Sociology, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
Rwandan refugees trying to reach the
United Nations camp in Tanzania.
Essentials Of Sociology, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
The “Geek Squad,” a company founded by Robert Stephens
in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and later purchased by the Best
Buy retail chain, provides consumer computer support and
technical repairs.
Essentials Of Sociology, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
Relative deprivation between the peasantry and the elite
in France led to the overthrow of the monarchy in the
late 18th century.
Essentials Of Sociology, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
Table 16.1 Global Unevenness of Telecommunications
Infrastructure and Use
Essentials Of Sociology, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
A call center in Gurgaon, India.
Essentials Of Sociology, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
Do-It-Yourself
Essentials Of Sociology, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
Transnational corporations such as Coca-Cola are eager
to tap growing markets in countries like China and India.
Essentials Of Sociology, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
Table 16.2 Conceptualizing Globalization: Three Tendencies
Essentials Of Sociology, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
A Chinese woman buys a ticket to see Titanic
at a Beijing theater.
Essentials Of Sociology, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
A dairy farmer uses rBST (bovine growth hormone)
to increase his herd’s milk production.
Essentials Of Sociology, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
Globalization and Everyday Life
Essentials Of Sociology, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
Globalization and Everyday Life
Essentials Of Sociology, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
The Widening Gap
Between Richer and Poor Countries, 1800 – 2008
GOP PER CAPITA*
1800
2008
USA
$1,343
$42,922
GERMANY
$1,643
$32,637
JAPAN
$896
$31,824
REPUBLIC OF KOREA
$740
$23,845
BRAZIL
$509
$9,633
SOUTH AFRICA
$759
$9,630
EGYPT
$748
$5,678
CHINA
$992
$5,520
PAKISTAN
$665
$2,671
2008
1980
1950
DEM. REP. OF CONGO $394
1900
$370
* 2008 U.S. $
Essentials Of Sociology, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
Note: GDP for South Africa from 1911;
1900 data not available
© 2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
1800
SOURCE: Gapminder.com 2009
44
The Widening Gap
Between Richer and Poor Countries, 1800 – 2008
MEDIAN GOP PER CAPITA*
$40K
$20K
$0K
1850
Low Income
Countries
1900
Medium Income
Countries
Essentials Of Sociology, 3rd Edition Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
© 2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
1950
2000
High Income
Countries
SOURCE: Gapminder.com 2009
45
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This concludes the Art Presentation Slides
Slide Set for Chapter 16
Essentials Of Sociology
THIRD EDITION
by
Anthony Giddens
Mitchell Duneier
Richard P. Appelbaum
Deborah Carr