Printing Technology Faculty of Printing Engineering Xi’an University of Technology Prof.Cao Congjun曹从军 西安理工大学 Xi’an university of technology 印刷工程导 论 http://ybxy.xaut.edu.cn/ysgcdl/ 国家级精品课程/省级双语示范课程 中英双语课程的几点说明 英文基础(English level) 书本(Text book) 考勤(Attendance) 作业(Homework) 实验(Experiment) 课件中大量图片选自《印刷媒体手册》 “Handbook of Print Median”及网络,在此 致谢。 课程进程安排 • 学时安排:共56学时 其中课堂教学 实验教学 50学时 6学时 • 成绩考核方法: 闭卷考试 作业、平时表现、实验 70% 30% Welcome to “An Introduction to Graphic art” ! • 课程性质:全面概要论述印刷工艺及相关基本知识和基本 原理的专业入门课,是进一步专业学习的基础。 • 目的:对印刷工业形成一个总体认识; 了解一个完整的印刷品基于什么原理,使用了哪些 方法、经过哪些工艺过程,如何得到。 • 课程内容框架: 印刷发展史 印刷综论 印前处理(图文处理、制版) 印刷(胶印、凹刷、柔印、丝印、 喷墨和数字印刷等) 印后加工(裁切、折页、装订) 印刷质量控制基础 1.Historical background and development of printing technology 2.Fundamental of printing Technology 8.Printing Press 3. Basic design and traditional preparation 9. Paper and ink 4. Traditional line and halftone photography 5.Color 10.Finishing operation 6.Traditional Image assemble and platemaking 7.Digital prepress 11.Quality control CP.1 Historical background and development of printing technology The Definition of Printing The invention of Printing Technology The Evolution of Graphic Symbols Introduction of Printing Technology & Industry 西安理工大学 Xi’an university of technology §.1-1 The Definition of Printing What is “Printing”? Examples? And printing elements? 一般而言 印刷乃是以直接或间接方法,将图像或文 字原稿制为印版,在版上涂以色料印墨, 经加压将色料印墨转移于纸张或其他承印 物上,而迅速大量复制的一种工业工程。 • Conventional Definition The original (text/image) direct ink plate indirect pressure Printing products Substrate General definition: prepress + press + postpress Pressure is the essential condition of conventional printing. BUT ! In some new special printing area • No pressure E.g : Electrostatic printing, (Xerography ), Ink jet printing So ! • No plate E.g : CTProof Printing is the process of manufacturing multiple copies of graphic images. Printing is not limited to any particular materials or inks. §.1-2 The Invention of Printing Technology Historical Background Before the invention The origin of printing technology The development process The movable type The tao—ban and color printing 1.Before the invention •Record Methods Draw cord结绳 •Character 甲骨文 Drawing Chiseling Wood刻木 金文 小篆 隶书 Character 楷书 •Record Tools Oracle bone, stone, Paper(Cai Lun) bronze utensil青铜器, Bamboo sticks,thin silk carving,brush pen (BC3-4) Vermilion朱砂, black lead石墨 ink The basic substance Draw cord in Peru Chiseling wood 结绳记事 关于汉字的起源,古代典籍众说不一。 《周易·系辞·上》曰:“上古结绳而治,后 世易之为书契。” 《九家易》也说:“古 者无文字,其为约誓之事,事大大其绳, 事小小其绳。结之多少随物众寡,各执以 相考,亦足以相治也。”结绳记事为上古 记事的一种方法,毕竟不能全面地记载复 杂的事物,文明发展到一定程度时,必然 会被图画或文字取代。 刻木记事 原始记事的一种方法。当人类没有发明文字,或 文字使用尚不普遍时,常用在木片、竹片或骨片 上刻痕的方法来记录数字、事件或传递信息,统 称为刻木记事。 在中国古代文献中,称木刻为“券契”、 “契”。《列子·说符》: “宋人有于道得人造契 者, 密数其齿……。”“齿”即木刻上的缺口或 刻痕。中国青海乐都柳湾新石器时代墓葬中出土 40枚骨片,两边刻有缺口,即是记事或记数用物。 木刻实物在敦煌汉简也有发现,其上写有文字, 这种带文字的木刻便称“书契”。 The Oracle bone Oracle Bone Inscriptions Oracle Bone Inscriptions (jiaguwen) 金文字的图片 钟鼎文或青 铜器铭文 The Evolution of Chinese Characters Cai Lun Paper 2. The origination of Printing Technology stamper: 400 BC(战国时期) category:characters cut in intaglio, characters cut in relief method:impressing Rubbing:400 AD Characters cut in intaglio Method: brushing Engraving:700AD Tang Dynasty The earliest printing The basic technology The Stamper Characters Cut in Relief Characters Cut in Intaglio The Rubbing Rubbings 3. The development of Engraving Beginning:Tang Dynasty(700AD) Technics: timber paste Attach the original Back up Carve out non-image inking paper brush products Meanwhile:Generate general printing character format binding: Sheet Brochures Process of Engraving Plate-making Engraving books Roll binding 卷轴式 Bag binding 包背装订 The earliest newspaper in the world 《开元杂报》部分 目前发现最早的雕 版印刷成品是一单页 版梵文撰写的《陀罗 尼经》,该经是印在 亚麻纸上,于650年 至670年间出版,且 在1974年于西安附近 的唐代陵墓出土。 The earliest printing products in the world with clear date ---《金刚经》 这一切说明印刷术发明于7世纪,也是唐朝经济文 化最发达的时期,这也符合科学技术的发展规律。 4. The invention of Movable type Sung Dynasty: Bi Sheng invented mud-type Technics: mud-type making , layout ,printing Yuan Dynasty(1297-1298)Wang Zhen Timber-type , cycle composing stick Yuan Dynasty(1370’s) tin-type 1490’s copper-type (Korea 1403) 1500’s lead-type (Korea 1436, Europe1450) Bi Sheng and The mud-type Wang Zhen (王祯) timber-type, cycle composing stick木制转轮排字盘 5. The Development of Tao-ban Homochromous Color printing (tao-ban, dou-ban) Tao-ban 1300’s , 同一幅面上印两色以上的印刷方式(只套不叠) 用于印刷文字书籍 Dou-ban 1600’s: 根据原稿设色的深浅浓淡和阴阳背向不同分色, 刻成多块印版,依据色调套印或叠印。 用于复制图画 —— 是雕版印刷发展的高潮 Dou-ban《十竹斋画谱》 §.1-2 Evolution of Graphic Symbols Development of Pictographs象形文字 Development of Ideographs表意文字 Development of Phonetic Symbols语音 符号 Look at P4. Pictographs shown in (a) and (b) were draw to represent real objects. They were gradually simplified to represent general ideas and became know as ideographs(c). §1-3 Printing Technology 1.The Development of Modern Printing Technology Letterpress printing Offset Gravure printing Gutenberg (Germany) 1. Letter type 2. Metal type, easy to layout 3. Invented wooden printing machine with impressing principle The Development: Photomechanically Film imagesetter DTP CTP Homochromastism color HiFi Speed/ Quality Improved Spread map http://www.kepu.net.cn/gb/civilization/printing/ evolve/evl111.html科普博览印刷博物馆 Korea 朝鲜1434年的铜活字印本 朝鲜最早的铅活字本, 1436年印的《通鉴纲目》, 其中大字为铅活字 Engraving books in Europe The earliest printing products in Japan 《陀罗尼经咒》 The earliest printing products in Philippine Color printing of Vietnam, Guan Gong Gutenberg and Metal-type Gutenberg and his factory §1-5 Major printing Process-P5 Relief Printing Intaglio printing Screen Printing Lithographic Printing Electrostatic Printing ※The Relief printing process includes letter press printing,flexographic printing and all other methods of transferring an image from a raised surface. ※ Intaglio printing is the reverse of relief printing. An intaglio printing is transferred from a sunken surface.Industrial intaglio printing is called gravure. ※ Screen printing transfers an image by allowing ink to pass through openings in a stencil that has been applied to a screen mesh. ※ A lithographic image is transferred from a flat surface.Certain areas on the surface are chemically treated to accept ink while other areas are left untreated so that they will repel ink. ※ Electrostatic printing involves creating an image by electrostatically charging areas of a special drum.As a result,the drum attracts a dye or liquid toner.The toner is then transferred and fused to a sheet of paper. §1-6 Printing Cycle-P7 The basic cycle of the printing industry includes the following procedures: Identifying a need Creating an image design Reproducing the image design Distributing the printed message §1-7 Sequence of Printing Process Regardless of the printing process used,there is a sequence of production steps that all printing follows.The sequence consists of the following steps: Image design Image generation Image conversion Image assembly Image carrier Preparation Image transfer Finishing Homework P16 Review questions 4,5. List the main persons and inventions contributing to printing technology in China. What’s main contributions of Gutenberg done for the development of printing technology?